1. mean = μ ± x (| y)

    μ:
    x:
    y:
    *
  2. MSWD = x, p(χ2) = y

    x:
    y:
  3. dispersion = x ± y

    x:
    y: .

Ludwig, K. R. User's manual for Isoplot 3.00: a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, 2003.