# Manipulating `phonfieldwork` data with `tidyverse`

#### George Moroz, NRU HSE Linguistic Convergence Laboratory

#### 2024-04-08

## Introduction

The output tables from the `phonfieldwork`’s functions (e. g. `textgrid_to_df()`, `eaf_to_df()`, `exb_to_df()`, `flextext_to_df()` etc.) is hard to interpret since each row is a separate morpheme/observation or aother unit. In order to merge it to a more common representation we will use `tidyverse` functions (mainly `dplyr` and `tidyr` packages). This text will help you to achieve some results, but it is better to spend some times learning data manipulation with `dplyr` and `tidyr`.

If you do not have `tidyverse` installed run:

    install.packages("tidyverse")

Let’s load the package:

    library("tidyverse")

## .TextGrid, .eaf, .exb formats

The standard sound annotation formats consisnt of tiers with parallel annotation:

If we convert this file to R we will achieve something like this:

    textgrid_to_df("s1/s1_all.TextGrid")
    #> Error in file(file_name, encoding = readr::guess_encoding(file_name)$encoding): invalid 'encoding' argument

As we see this table has a long format structure: each observation has its own row. We can select the first two rows with the `filter()` function, remove all unnecessary columns with the `select()` function and spread everything in a table with the `pivot_wider()` function:

    textgrid_to_df("s1/s1_all.TextGrid") %>%
      filter(tier %in% 1:2) %>%
      select(-time_start, -time_end, -tier_name) %>%
      pivot_wider(names_from = tier, values_from = content)
    #> Error in file(file_name, encoding = readr::guess_encoding(file_name)$encoding): invalid 'encoding' argument

## .flextext format

Imagine that we obtained the first result from `flextext_to_df()`:

    df <- flextext_to_df("files/zilo_test.flextext")
    #> It can take some time for big files...
    head(df)
    #>   p_id s_id w_id    txt     cf hn     gls                   msa                free_trans
    #> 1    1    1    1     б-     б-  1      an Inflects any category Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.
    #> 2    1    1    1    ик1    ик1  1    быть                    гл Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.
    #> 3    1    1    1     -о     -о  1     pst               гл:Past Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.
    #> 4    1    1    1     -й     -й  5 cvb(pf)    гл:Converb/Perfect Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.
    #> 5    1    1    1 =гъоди =гъоди  1    =rep                  част Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.
    #> 6    1    1    2     б-     б-  1      an Inflects any category Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.
    #>                            text_title                                morph
    #> 1 2017.04 Fairytale about the rooster d7f713db-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933
    #> 2 2017.04 Fairytale about the rooster d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933
    #> 3 2017.04 Fairytale about the rooster d7f713dd-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933
    #> 4 2017.04 Fairytale about the rooster d7f713dd-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933
    #> 5 2017.04 Fairytale about the rooster d7f713e1-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933
    #> 6 2017.04 Fairytale about the rooster d7f713db-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933
    #>                                   word                               phrase
    #> 1 efafb420-e203-4685-9be2-1b7810f10a70 1cbadc4f-4051-4783-a0d8-bfeee2d2fb13
    #> 2 efafb420-e203-4685-9be2-1b7810f10a70 1cbadc4f-4051-4783-a0d8-bfeee2d2fb13
    #> 3 efafb420-e203-4685-9be2-1b7810f10a70 1cbadc4f-4051-4783-a0d8-bfeee2d2fb13
    #> 4 efafb420-e203-4685-9be2-1b7810f10a70 1cbadc4f-4051-4783-a0d8-bfeee2d2fb13
    #> 5 efafb420-e203-4685-9be2-1b7810f10a70 1cbadc4f-4051-4783-a0d8-bfeee2d2fb13
    #> 6 c76d26b7-b84a-42a8-ba34-38e712b1db13 1cbadc4f-4051-4783-a0d8-bfeee2d2fb13
    #>                              paragraph                                 text
    #> 1 0c9ffe63-b4bf-4af3-a1da-f68567e03513 f08dd466-fca6-4597-925c-c46309387ef7
    #> 2 0c9ffe63-b4bf-4af3-a1da-f68567e03513 f08dd466-fca6-4597-925c-c46309387ef7
    #> 3 0c9ffe63-b4bf-4af3-a1da-f68567e03513 f08dd466-fca6-4597-925c-c46309387ef7
    #> 4 0c9ffe63-b4bf-4af3-a1da-f68567e03513 f08dd466-fca6-4597-925c-c46309387ef7
    #> 5 0c9ffe63-b4bf-4af3-a1da-f68567e03513 f08dd466-fca6-4597-925c-c46309387ef7
    #> 6 0c9ffe63-b4bf-4af3-a1da-f68567e03513 f08dd466-fca6-4597-925c-c46309387ef7

As we can see from `df` print there are three indices in the dataset: `p_id` – paragraph id, `s_id` – sentence id and `w_id` – word id.

    df %>%
      filter(free_trans != "") %>%
      select(p_id, s_id, w_id, txt, gls, free_trans) %>%
      group_by(p_id, s_id, free_trans, w_id) %>%
      summarise(txt = str_c(txt, collapse = ""),
             gls = str_c(gls, collapse = "-"))
    #> `summarise()` has grouped output by 'p_id', 's_id', 'free_trans'. You can override using
    #> the `.groups` argument.
    #> # A tibble: 136 × 6
    #> # Groups:   p_id, s_id, free_trans [19]
    #>     p_id  s_id free_trans                        w_id txt              gls
    #>    <dbl> <dbl> <chr>                            <dbl> <chr>            <chr>
    #>  1     1     1 Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.            1 б-ик1-о-й=гъоди  "an-быть-pst-cvb(p…
    #>  2     1     1 Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.            2 б--о-ч1игу=гъоди "an--pst-neg.cvb-=…
    #>  3     1     1 Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.            3 Гъули-б          "Гъули-an(gen)"
    #>  4     1     1 Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.            4 х1елеко          "петух"
    #>  5     1     1 Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух.            5 .                ""
    #>  6     2     2 Он грелся на улице(?).               6 къват1и-ла=гъоди "улица-in-=rep"
    #>  7     2     2 Он грелся на улице(?).               7 б-ик1-о-j        "an-быть-pst-cvb(p…
    #>  8     2     2 Он грелся на улице(?).               8 букьир-ъа        "Букир-sup"
    #>  9     2     2 Он грелся на улице(?).               9 .                ""
    #> 10     2     3 [Ему в ногу] воткнулась колючка.    10 къинни-й=гъоди   "втыкаться-cvb(pf)…
    #> # ℹ 126 more rows

The first `filter()` removes some garbage rows that are present in our example flextext. The `select()` function selects only six important columns from 15 presented in the dataset. The `group_by()` and `summarise()` merge all text from `txt` variable and all glosses from `gls` variable together. Pipe operater `%>%` make it possible to pass the result from the previous funstion as an input to the following one.

So now we can use the same code in order to merge everything into sentences:

    df %>%
      filter(free_trans != "") %>%
      select(p_id, s_id, w_id, txt, gls, free_trans) %>%
      group_by(p_id, s_id, free_trans, w_id) %>%
      summarise(txt = str_c(txt, collapse = ""),
             gls = str_c(gls, collapse = "-")) %>%
      group_by(p_id, s_id, free_trans) %>%
      summarise(txt = str_c(txt, collapse = " "),
             gls = str_c(gls, collapse = " "))
    #> `summarise()` has grouped output by 'p_id', 's_id', 'free_trans'. You can override using
    #> the `.groups` argument.
    #> `summarise()` has grouped output by 'p_id', 's_id'. You can override using the `.groups`
    #> argument.
    #> # A tibble: 19 × 5
    #> # Groups:   p_id, s_id [19]
    #>     p_id  s_id free_trans                                                      txt   gls
    #>    <dbl> <dbl> <chr>                                                           <chr> <chr>
    #>  1     1     1 "Жил-был (у Гъули?) петух."                                     б-ик… "an-…
    #>  2     2     2 "Он грелся на улице(?)."                                        къва… "ули…
    #>  3     2     3 "[Ему в ногу] воткнулась колючка."                              къин… "вты…
    #>  4     3     4 "Когда колючка воткнулась, [он] ушел к Бихтаю."                 ццан… "кол…
    #>  5     4     5 "Гъули не обнаружил дома Бихтай, дома ее нет, из себя не вынул… бихь… "Бих…
    #>  6     5     6 "Оттуда пошел к Умалаю, "                                       б-uʔ… "an-…
    #>  7     6     7 "Оттуда петух пошел к Патимат."                                 х1ел… "пет…
    #>  8     8    10 "Оттуда [петух] пошел к Ханичай."                               гье-… "dem…
    #>  9     9    11 "Иди к Хурмат, ..."                                             хъан… "Хан…
    #> 10    10    12 "Когда дошёл до двора Хурмат, из окна появился мальчик, сказал… рул1… "гов…
    #> 11    11    13 "Три дня не ели, мы с ней не зная, сказал он."                  рул1… "гов…
    #> 12    12    14 "Оттуда он ушёл и дошёл до Айшат Исмаиловой и её не обнаружив,… гье-… "dem…
    #> 13    13    15 "Захраил …?"                                                    й--и… "f--…
    #> 14    14    16 "И он пошел в село. Захраил сказала, что колючка воткнулась в … б-ук… "an-…
    #> 15    15    17 "Оттуда снизу вверх к Исрапилу ..."                             гьег… "там…
    #> 16    16    18 "Шли-шли и пришли к Гаджи."                                     гье-… "dem…
    #> 17    17    19 "Они поссорились (?) и прогнали (?) петуха."                    й-ей… "f-р…
    #> 18    18    20 "Когда закончили ссориться, [пошли?] к Забиту."                 джид… "дел…
    #> 19    19    21 "На воротах Забита петух обнаружил замок и пошел к Зумайрат."   х1ел… "пет…

It is also very easy to get some simple statistics from the data:

    df %>%
      filter(gls != "") %>%
      count(gls) %>%
      top_n(6)
    #> Selecting by n
    #>        gls  n
    #> 1     =add 46
    #> 2       an 49
    #> 3  cvb(pf) 63
    #> 4      pst 28
    #> 5 pst(aor) 74
    #> 6     ¬an1 34

Here with the `filter()` function we remove all empty glosses, then we calculate and sort them according to frequency, and in the end we take top six glosses with the `top_n()` function. We can even visualis it with the `ggplot2` package:

    df %>%
      filter(gls != "") %>%
      count(gls) %>%
      top_n(11) %>%
      ggplot(aes(n, fct_reorder(gls, n)))+
      geom_col()+
      labs(x = "count", y = "gloss")
    #> Selecting by n