Theory Tree

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theory Tree
imports Main

(*  Title:      HOL/Induct/Tree.thy
Author: Stefan Berghofer, TU Muenchen
Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
*)


header {* Infinitely branching trees *}

theory Tree
imports Main
begin


datatype 'a tree =
Atom 'a
| Branch "nat => 'a tree"


primrec
map_tree :: "('a => 'b) => 'a tree => 'b tree"
where
"map_tree f (Atom a) = Atom (f a)"
| "map_tree f (Branch ts) = Branch (λx. map_tree f (ts x))"


lemma tree_map_compose: "map_tree g (map_tree f t) = map_tree (g o f) t"
by (induct t) simp_all

primrec
exists_tree :: "('a => bool) => 'a tree => bool"
where
"exists_tree P (Atom a) = P a"
| "exists_tree P (Branch ts) = (∃x. exists_tree P (ts x))"


lemma exists_map:
"(!!x. P x ==> Q (f x)) ==>
exists_tree P ts ==> exists_tree Q (map_tree f ts)"

by (induct ts) auto


subsection{*The Brouwer ordinals, as in ZF/Induct/Brouwer.thy.*}

datatype brouwer = Zero | Succ "brouwer" | Lim "nat => brouwer"

text{*Addition of ordinals*}
primrec
add :: "[brouwer,brouwer] => brouwer"
where
"add i Zero = i"
| "add i (Succ j) = Succ (add i j)"
| "add i (Lim f) = Lim (%n. add i (f n))"


lemma add_assoc: "add (add i j) k = add i (add j k)"
by (induct k) auto

text{*Multiplication of ordinals*}
primrec
mult :: "[brouwer,brouwer] => brouwer"
where
"mult i Zero = Zero"
| "mult i (Succ j) = add (mult i j) i"
| "mult i (Lim f) = Lim (%n. mult i (f n))"


lemma add_mult_distrib: "mult i (add j k) = add (mult i j) (mult i k)"
by (induct k) (auto simp add: add_assoc)

lemma mult_assoc: "mult (mult i j) k = mult i (mult j k)"
by (induct k) (auto simp add: add_mult_distrib)

text{*We could probably instantiate some axiomatic type classes and use
the standard infix operators.*}


subsection{*A WF Ordering for The Brouwer ordinals (Michael Compton)*}

text{*To use the function package we need an ordering on the Brouwer
ordinals. Start with a predecessor relation and form its transitive
closure. *}


definition
brouwer_pred :: "(brouwer * brouwer) set" where
"brouwer_pred = (\<Union>i. {(m,n). n = Succ m ∨ (EX f. n = Lim f & m = f i)})"


definition
brouwer_order :: "(brouwer * brouwer) set" where
"brouwer_order = brouwer_pred^+"


lemma wf_brouwer_pred: "wf brouwer_pred"
by(unfold wf_def brouwer_pred_def, clarify, induct_tac x, blast+)

lemma wf_brouwer_order[simp]: "wf brouwer_order"
by(unfold brouwer_order_def, rule wf_trancl[OF wf_brouwer_pred])

lemma [simp]: "(j, Succ j) : brouwer_order"
by(auto simp add: brouwer_order_def brouwer_pred_def)

lemma [simp]: "(f n, Lim f) : brouwer_order"
by(auto simp add: brouwer_order_def brouwer_pred_def)

text{*Example of a general function*}

function
add2 :: "(brouwer*brouwer) => brouwer"
where
"add2 (i, Zero) = i"
| "add2 (i, (Succ j)) = Succ (add2 (i, j))"
| "add2 (i, (Lim f)) = Lim (λ n. add2 (i, (f n)))"

by pat_completeness auto
termination by (relation "inv_image brouwer_order snd") auto

lemma add2_assoc: "add2 (add2 (i, j), k) = add2 (i, add2 (j, k))"
by (induct k) auto

end