c++-gtk-utils
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00001 /* Copyright (C) 2010 to 2012 Chris Vine 00002 00003 The library comprised in this file or of which this file is part is 00004 distributed by Chris Vine under the GNU Lesser General Public 00005 License as follows: 00006 00007 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 00008 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License 00009 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of 00010 the License, or (at your option) any later version. 00011 00012 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 00013 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 00014 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 00015 Lesser General Public License, version 2.1, for more details. 00016 00017 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 00018 License, version 2.1, along with this library (see the file LGPL.TXT 00019 which came with this source code package in the src/utils sub-directory); 00020 if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 00021 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 00022 00023 However, it is not intended that the object code of a program whose 00024 source code instantiates a template from this file or uses macros or 00025 inline functions (of any length) should by reason only of that 00026 instantiation or use be subject to the restrictions of use in the GNU 00027 Lesser General Public License. With that in mind, the words "and 00028 macros, inline functions and instantiations of templates (of any 00029 length)" shall be treated as substituted for the words "and small 00030 macros and small inline functions (ten lines or less in length)" in 00031 the fourth paragraph of section 5 of that licence. This does not 00032 affect any other reason why object code may be subject to the 00033 restrictions in that licence (nor for the avoidance of doubt does it 00034 affect the application of section 2 of that licence to modifications 00035 of the source code in this file). 00036 00037 */ 00038 00039 #ifndef CGU_FUTURE_H 00040 #define CGU_FUTURE_H 00041 00042 #include <memory> 00043 #include <exception> 00044 #include <functional> // for std::function 00045 #include <utility> // for std::move and std::forward 00046 00047 #include <pthread.h> 00048 #include <glib.h> 00049 00050 #include <c++-gtk-utils/thread.h> 00051 #include <c++-gtk-utils/mutex.h> 00052 #include <c++-gtk-utils/callback.h> 00053 #include <c++-gtk-utils/intrusive_ptr.h> 00054 #include <c++-gtk-utils/shared_ptr.h> 00055 #include <c++-gtk-utils/emitter.h> 00056 #include <c++-gtk-utils/timeout.h> 00057 #include <c++-gtk-utils/cgu_config.h> 00058 00059 namespace Cgu { 00060 00061 namespace Thread { 00062 00063 struct FutureThreadError: public std::exception { 00064 virtual const char* what() const throw() {return "FutureThreadError\n";} 00065 }; 00066 00067 struct FutureWhenError: public std::exception { 00068 virtual const char* what() const throw() {return "FutureWhenError\n";} 00069 }; 00070 00071 /** 00072 * @class Cgu::Thread::Future future.h c++-gtk-utils/future.h 00073 * @brief A class representing a pthread thread which will 00074 * provide a value. 00075 * @sa Cgu::Thread::Thread Cgu::Thread::JoinableHandle Cgu::Thread::make_future() 00076 * 00077 * The Thread::Future class will launch a worker thread, run the 00078 * function it represents in that thread until it returns, and store 00079 * the return value so that it can be waited on and/or extracted by 00080 * another thread. A new Thread::Future object representing the 00081 * function to be called is created by calling 00082 * Cgu::Thread::Future<>::make() (a static member function) or from 00083 * version 2.0.4 the Cgu::Thread::make_future() helper function. The 00084 * worker thread is then started by calling run(), and the value 00085 * extracted or waited for by calling get(). The run() method can 00086 * only be called once, but any number of threads can wait for and/or 00087 * extract the return value by calling the get() method. The class 00088 * also provides a SafeEmitter @ref DoneEmitterAnchor "done_emitter" 00089 * public object which emits when the worker thread has finished, and 00090 * an associated when() function. 00091 * 00092 * The template parameter type of Thread::Future is the type of the 00093 * return value of the function called by the Thread::Future object. 00094 * The return value can be any type, including any arbitrarily large 00095 * tuple or other struct or standard C++ container (but see below 00096 * about copying). 00097 * 00098 * A Thread::Future object cannot represent a function with a void 00099 * return type - a compilation error will result if that is attempted. 00100 * If no return value is wanted, then the Thread::Thread class can be 00101 * used directly. (However, if in a particular usage this class is 00102 * thought to be more convenient, the function to be represented by it 00103 * can be wrapped by another function which provides a dummy return 00104 * value, such as a dummy int. One possible case for this is where 00105 * more than one thread wants to wait for the worker thread to 00106 * terminate, as pthread_join() and so Thread::Thread::join() only 00107 * give defined behaviour when called by one thread.) In addition, a 00108 * Thread::Future object cannot represent a function with a non-const 00109 * reference argument - that would not normally be safe, and a compile 00110 * error will be generated if that is attempted. However, from 00111 * version 2.0.0-rc3, const reference arguments can be bound to 00112 * Thread::Future objects (this is safe, as the Thread::Future object 00113 * will keep its own copy of the argument passed to it). 00114 * 00115 * The make() method and make_future() functions take a plain 00116 * function, static member function or non-static member function, 00117 * which can take up to three arguments in the case of a non-static 00118 * member function, and four arguments in the case of any other 00119 * function. Alternatively, a std::function object can be passed, 00120 * which can have any number of arguments using std::bind. 00121 * 00122 * Internal moving/copying of arguments for the target function to be 00123 * represented by the Thread::Future object takes place (once by 00124 * invoking the rvalue move constructor or lvalue copy constructor, as 00125 * appropriate, when make() or make_future() are called and, if the 00126 * argument is not a const reference argument, once when run() is 00127 * called). Therefore, if a non-trivial class object is to be 00128 * received by the target function as an argument, it is best either 00129 * (a) if it has a rvalue constructor, to pass it to make() or 00130 * make_future() as a temporary and have the target function take a 00131 * const reference argument, or (b) for it to be constructed on free 00132 * store and for the target function to receive it by pointer or by 00133 * Cgu::SharedLockPtr. Note also that constructing std::function 00134 * objects using std::bind can cause a number of copies of arguments 00135 * to be made, so for ordinary usage it is better to pass a function 00136 * pointer with arguments to make() or make_future() rather than a 00137 * std::function object. 00138 * 00139 * Copying of the return value of the target function represented by 00140 * the Thread::Future object also takes place. The run() method will 00141 * store the return value of that function, so that it is available to 00142 * the get() method, and therefore copy it once (unless, that is, the 00143 * target function's return value type has an assignment operator 00144 * taking an rvalue reference argument). The get() method will 00145 * indirectly cause it to be copied once more when the copy 00146 * constructor or assignment operator of the user's object which 00147 * receives the return value of get() is invoked. Therefore, for 00148 * return values comprising complex class objects, it is often better 00149 * if the function represented by the Thread::Future object allocates 00150 * the return value on free store and returns it by pointer or 00151 * Cgu::SharedLockPtr. (The example below does not do that however.) 00152 * 00153 * This is a usage example: 00154 * 00155 * @code 00156 * class Numbers { 00157 * public: 00158 * std::vector<long> get_primes(int n); // calculates the first n primes 00159 * // and puts them in a vector 00160 * ... 00161 * }; 00162 * 00163 * Numbers obj; 00164 * 00165 * // get the first 1,000 primes 00166 * using namespace Cgu; 00167 * 00168 * auto future = Thread::make_future(obj, &Numbers::get_primes, 1000); 00169 * // Thread::make_future() is a wrapper for the equivalent long-hand version required prior to version 2.0.4: 00170 * // auto future = Thread::Future<std::vector<long>>::make(obj, &Numbers::get_primes, 1000); 00171 * 00172 * future->run(); 00173 * ... [ do something else ] ... 00174 * std::vector<long> result(future->get()); 00175 * std::for_each(result.begin(), result.end(), [](long l) {std::cout << l << std::endl;}); 00176 * @endcode 00177 * 00178 * If get_primes() were a static member function or plain function, 00179 * the syntax would be: 00180 * 00181 * @code 00182 * auto future = Thread::make_future(&Numbers::get_primes, 1000); 00183 * @endcode 00184 * 00185 * @b The @b Cgu::Thread::Future::when() @b functions 00186 * 00187 * From version 2.0.2, the return value of the thread function 00188 * represented by Cgu::Thread::Future can be obtained asynchronously 00189 * using Cgu::Thread::Future::when() to execute a function in a glib 00190 * main loop when the thread function completes. The above example 00191 * could be reimplemented as: 00192 * 00193 * @code 00194 * class Numbers { 00195 * public: 00196 * std::vector<long> get_primes(int n); // calculates the first n primes 00197 * // and puts them in a vector 00198 * ... 00199 * }; 00200 * 00201 * void print_primes(const std::vector<long>& result) { 00202 * std::for_each(result.begin(), result.end(), [](long l) {std::cout << l << std::endl;}); 00203 * } 00204 * 00205 * Numbers obj; 00206 * 00207 * using namespace Cgu; 00208 * 00209 * auto future = Thread::make_future(obj, &Numbers::get_primes, 1000); 00210 * future->when(Callback::make(&print_primes)); 00211 * future->run(); 00212 * @endcode 00213 * 00214 * In this example, the callback which prints the primes to the 00215 * console would execute in the default program main loop once the 00216 * thread function providing those primes returns. As an alternative 00217 * to a free standing print_primes() function, the callback object 00218 * could be constructed from a lambda function via a std::function 00219 * object. 00220 * 00221 * @b Overloaded @b functions 00222 * 00223 * Where a member function or ordinary function represented by a 00224 * Thread::Future object is overloaded, this will cause difficulties 00225 * in template type deduction when Thread::Future<>::make() or 00226 * Thread::make_future() are called. With Thread::Future<>::make(), 00227 * functions may be overloaded on numbers of argument without 00228 * difficulty, but not with Thread::make_future(). For example: 00229 * @code 00230 * class Numbers { 00231 * public: 00232 * int calc(int i); 00233 * int calc(int i, int j); 00234 * ... 00235 * }; 00236 * 00237 * Numbers obj; 00238 * 00239 * using namespace Cgu; 00240 * 00241 * int i = 1, j = 2; 00242 * 00243 * auto f1 = 00244 * Thread::Future<int>::make(obj, &Numbers::calc, i); // OK 00245 * auto f2 = 00246 * Thread::Future<int>::make(obj, &Numbers::calc, i, j); // OK 00247 * 00248 * // explicit is disambiguation required with Thread::make_future() 00249 * auto f3 = 00250 * Thread::make_future(obj, static_cast<int(Numbers::*)(int)>(&Numbers::calc), i); 00251 * auto f4 = 00252 * Thread::make_future(obj, static_cast<int(Numbers::*)(int, int)>(&Numbers::calc), i, j); 00253 * @endcode 00254 * Neither Thread::Future<>::make() nor Thread::make_future() can be 00255 * overloaded on types of argument without explicit disambiguation. 00256 * For example: 00257 * @code 00258 * class Numbers { 00259 * public: 00260 * int calc(int i); 00261 * int calc(double d); 00262 * ... 00263 * }; 00264 * 00265 * Numbers obj; 00266 * 00267 * using namespace Cgu; 00268 * 00269 * int i = 1; 00270 * double d = 2.0; 00271 * 00272 * auto f1 = 00273 * Thread::Future<int>::make(obj, static_cast<int (Numbers::*)(int)>(&Numbers::calc), i); 00274 * auto f2 = 00275 * Thread::Future<int>::make(obj, static_cast<int (Numbers::*)(double)>(&Numbers::calc), d); 00276 * auto f3 = 00277 * Thread::make_future(obj, static_cast<int (Numbers::*)(int)>(&Numbers::calc), i); 00278 * auto f4 = 00279 * Thread::make_future(obj, static_cast<int (Numbers::*)(double)>(&Numbers::calc), d); 00280 * @endcode 00281 */ 00282 00283 template <class Val> 00284 class Future: public IntrusiveLockCounter { 00285 00286 std::unique_ptr<Cgu::Thread::Thread> thread_u; 00287 std::unique_ptr<Cgu::Callback::Callback> cb_u; 00288 00289 mutable Mutex mutex; 00290 Cond cond; 00291 Val val; 00292 bool done; 00293 bool running; 00294 bool error; 00295 bool emitter_error; 00296 00297 template <class T, class Ret, class... Args> 00298 void run_wrapper(T*, Ret (T::*)(Args...), const Args&...); 00299 00300 template <class T, class Ret, class... Args> 00301 void run_wrapper_const(const T*, Ret (T::*)(Args...) const, const Args&...); 00302 00303 template <class Ret, class... Args> 00304 void run_wrapper_static(Ret (*)(Args...), const Args&...); 00305 00306 void run_wrapper_func(const std::function<Val(void)>&); 00307 00308 void cancel_cleanup(); 00309 00310 void execute_done(const Cgu::Callback::SafeFunctorArg<const Val&>&); 00311 void post_done(const Cgu::Callback::SafeFunctorArg<const Val&>&, 00312 gint, GMainContext*); 00313 void execute_done_rel(const Cgu::SharedLockPtr<Cgu::SafeEmitterArg<const Val&>>&); 00314 void post_done_rel(const Cgu::SharedLockPtr<Cgu::SafeEmitterArg<const Val&>>&, 00315 gint, GMainContext*); 00316 00317 // this is a static function taking the future object by IntrusivePtr to 00318 // ensure that the future object remains in existence whilst this 00319 // function might execute 00320 static void fail_cb(const Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Future<Val>>& future, 00321 const Cgu::Callback::SafeFunctor& func, 00322 bool& ret); 00323 00324 // private constructor - this class can only be created with Thread::Future::make() 00325 Future(): val(), done(false), running(false), error(false), emitter_error(false) {} 00326 00327 public: 00328 00329 // this class cannot be copied except by smart pointer 00330 /** 00331 * This class cannot be copied (except by smart pointer). The copy 00332 * constructor is deleted. 00333 */ 00334 Future(const Future&) = delete; 00335 00336 /** 00337 * This class cannot be copied (except by smart pointer). The 00338 * assignment operator is deleted. 00339 */ 00340 Future& operator=(const Future&) = delete; 00341 00342 /** 00343 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00344 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00345 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00346 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00347 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00348 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00349 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00350 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00351 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00352 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00353 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00354 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the default 00355 * constructor of the return value type throws. 00356 */ 00357 template <class Ret, class T> 00358 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(T& t, 00359 Ret (T::*func)()); 00360 00361 /** 00362 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00363 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00364 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00365 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00366 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00367 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00368 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00369 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00370 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00371 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00372 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00373 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00374 * constructor or assignment operator of the bound argument throws, or 00375 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00376 */ 00377 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Arg1, class T> 00378 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(T& t, 00379 Ret (T::*func)(Param1), 00380 Arg1&& arg1); 00381 00382 /** 00383 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00384 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00385 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00386 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00387 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00388 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00389 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00390 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00391 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00392 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00393 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00394 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00395 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00396 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00397 */ 00398 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Arg1, class Arg2, class T> 00399 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(T& t, 00400 Ret (T::*func)(Param1, Param2), 00401 Arg1&& arg1, 00402 Arg2&& arg2); 00403 00404 /** 00405 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00406 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00407 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00408 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00409 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00410 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00411 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00412 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00413 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00414 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00415 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00416 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00417 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00418 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00419 */ 00420 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, 00421 class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class T> 00422 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(T& t, 00423 Ret (T::*func)(Param1, Param2, Param3), 00424 Arg1&& arg1, 00425 Arg2&& arg2, 00426 Arg3&& arg3); 00427 00428 /** 00429 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00430 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00431 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00432 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00433 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00434 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00435 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00436 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00437 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00438 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00439 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00440 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the default 00441 * constructor of the return value type throws. 00442 */ 00443 template <class Ret, class T> 00444 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(const T& t, 00445 Ret (T::*func)() const); 00446 00447 /** 00448 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00449 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00450 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00451 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00452 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00453 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00454 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00455 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00456 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00457 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00458 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00459 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00460 * constructor or assignment operator of the bound argument throws, or 00461 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00462 */ 00463 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Arg1, class T> 00464 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(const T& t, 00465 Ret (T::*func)(Param1) const, 00466 Arg1&& arg1); 00467 00468 /** 00469 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00470 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00471 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00472 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00473 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00474 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00475 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00476 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00477 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00478 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00479 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00480 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00481 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00482 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00483 */ 00484 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Arg1, class Arg2, class T> 00485 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(const T& t, 00486 Ret (T::*func)(Param1, Param2) const, 00487 Arg1&& arg1, 00488 Arg2&& arg2); 00489 00490 /** 00491 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00492 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00493 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00494 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00495 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00496 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00497 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00498 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00499 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00500 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00501 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00502 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00503 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00504 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00505 */ 00506 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, 00507 class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class T> 00508 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(const T& t, 00509 Ret (T::*func)(Param1, Param2, Param3) const, 00510 Arg1&& arg1, 00511 Arg2&& arg2, 00512 Arg3&& arg3); 00513 00514 /** 00515 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00516 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00517 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00518 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00519 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00520 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00521 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00522 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00523 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00524 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00525 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00526 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the default 00527 * constructor of the return value type throws. 00528 */ 00529 template <class Ret> 00530 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(Ret (*func)()); 00531 00532 /** 00533 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00534 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00535 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00536 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00537 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00538 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00539 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00540 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00541 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00542 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00543 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00544 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00545 * constructor or assignment operator of the bound argument throws, or 00546 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00547 */ 00548 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Arg1> 00549 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(Ret (*func)(Param1), 00550 Arg1&& arg1); 00551 00552 /** 00553 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00554 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00555 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00556 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00557 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00558 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00559 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00560 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00561 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00562 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00563 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00564 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00565 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00566 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00567 */ 00568 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Arg1, class Arg2> 00569 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(Ret (*func)(Param1, Param2), 00570 Arg1&& arg1, 00571 Arg2&& arg2); 00572 00573 /** 00574 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00575 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00576 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00577 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00578 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00579 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00580 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00581 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00582 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00583 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00584 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00585 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00586 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00587 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00588 */ 00589 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, 00590 class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3> 00591 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(Ret (*func)(Param1, Param2, Param3), 00592 Arg1&& arg1, 00593 Arg2&& arg2, 00594 Arg3&& arg3); 00595 00596 /** 00597 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00598 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00599 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00600 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00601 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00602 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00603 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00604 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00605 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00606 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00607 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00608 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00609 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00610 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00611 */ 00612 template <class Ret, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, 00613 class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class Arg4> 00614 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(Ret (*func)(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4), 00615 Arg1&& arg1, 00616 Arg2&& arg2, 00617 Arg3&& arg3, 00618 Arg4&& arg4); 00619 00620 /** 00621 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00622 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00623 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00624 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00625 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00626 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00627 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00628 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00629 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00630 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00631 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00632 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00633 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00634 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00635 */ 00636 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(const std::function<Val(void)>& func); 00637 00638 /** 00639 * Constructs a new Cgu::Thread::Future object (returned by 00640 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>>). The type parameter 00641 * Val represents the return value of the function to be represented 00642 * by the new object. From version 2.0.4, it will usually be more 00643 * convenient to call the Cgu::Thread::make_future() function, which 00644 * is a convenience wrapper for this static method. 00645 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 00646 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 00647 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 00648 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00649 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00650 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 00651 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 00652 * the default constructor of the return value type throws. 00653 */ 00654 static Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Val>> make(std::function<Val(void)>&& func); 00655 00656 /** 00657 * Runs the function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object in 00658 * a new worker thread. That function will only be run once. If this 00659 * is the first time this method has been called, it will start the 00660 * worker thread and return true, and if it has previously been 00661 * called, this method will do nothing and return false. This method 00662 * is thread safe and may be called by a different thread from the one 00663 * which called make(). 00664 * @return true if this is the first time this method has been called, 00665 * or false if this method has previously been called. 00666 * @exception Cgu::Thread::FutureThreadError This method might throw 00667 * Cgu::Thread::FutureThreadError if it has not previously been called 00668 * and the thread did not start properly. If it does throw, this 00669 * Cgu::Thread::Future object is defunct and further attempts to call 00670 * this method will return immediately with a false value. (It is 00671 * often not worth checking for this exception, as it means either 00672 * memory is exhausted, the pthread thread limit has been reached or 00673 * pthread has run out of other resources to start new threads.) 00674 * @exception std::bad_alloc This method might throw std::bad_alloc if 00675 * it has not previously been called, and memory is exhausted and the 00676 * system throws in that case. If it does throw, this 00677 * Cgu::Thread::Future object is defunct and further attempts to call 00678 * this method will return immediately with a false value. (This 00679 * exception will not be thrown if the library has been installed 00680 * using the --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: 00681 * instead glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain 00682 * memory from the operating system.) 00683 * @note 1. Any Cgu::Thread::Exit exception, or any uncaught exception 00684 * derived from std::exception, which is thrown from the worker thread 00685 * will be caught and consumed and the error flag will be set. The 00686 * worker thread will safely terminate and unwind the stack in so 00687 * doing. 00688 * @note 2. As this wrapper class can provide error reporting in a way 00689 * that Cgu::Thread::Thread of itself cannot, it would be desirable to 00690 * consume any other uncaught exceptions. However, this cannot be 00691 * done: annoyingly, NPTL's forced stack unwinding does not allow this 00692 * if thread cancellation is to be made available. If an uncaught 00693 * exception propagates out of a thread when the thread exits, the 00694 * C++11 standard will cause std::terminate() to be called and so 00695 * terminate the entire program. Accordingly, a user must make sure 00696 * that no exceptions, other than Cgu::Thread::Exit or those derived 00697 * from std::exception or any cancellation pseudo-exception, can 00698 * propagate from the function which this Cgu::Thread::Future object 00699 * represents. 00700 * @note 3. If the worker thread is cancelled by a call to cancel() 00701 * while in the middle of executing the function which this 00702 * Cgu::Thread::Future object represents, the error flag will be set. 00703 */ 00704 bool run(); 00705 00706 /** 00707 * Gets the value obtained from the function which is represented by 00708 * this object. If the worker thread launched by the call to run() 00709 * has not completed, then this method will block until it has 00710 * completed. If run() has not been called, then run() will be called 00711 * (and this method will block until the launched worker thread 00712 * completes). If the function which is represented by this object 00713 * throws Cgu::Thread::Exit or an uncaught exception derived from 00714 * std::exception, then the exception will have been consumed by this 00715 * Cgu::Thread::Future object and the error flag will have been set. 00716 * The error flag will also have been set if the worker thread is 00717 * cancelled or the thread wrapper in this Cgu::Thread::Future object 00718 * threw std::bad_alloc. This method is thread safe and may be called 00719 * by any thread (and by more than one thread). It is also strongly 00720 * exception safe: no data will be lost if extracting the value fails. 00721 * @return The value obtained from the function which is represented 00722 * by this object 00723 * @exception Cgu::Thread::FutureThreadError This method might throw 00724 * Cgu::Thread::FutureThreadError if run() has not previously been 00725 * called and the thread did not start properly when this function 00726 * called run(). 00727 * @exception std::bad_alloc This method might throw std::bad_alloc if 00728 * run() has not previously been called, memory is exhausted and the 00729 * system throws in that case. (This exception will not be thrown if 00730 * the library has been installed using the 00731 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 00732 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 00733 * from the operating system.) 00734 * @note This method might also throw if the copy constructor or 00735 * assignment operator of the returned value type throws. 00736 */ 00737 Val get(); 00738 00739 /** 00740 * Cancels the worker thread in which the function represented by this 00741 * object runs, if that function has not yet finished. If this method 00742 * is called and the worker thread is still running and is cancelled 00743 * in response to a call to this method, then the error flag will be 00744 * set so that a method calling get() can examine whether the result 00745 * is valid. If run() has not yet been called or the worker thread 00746 * has already finished executing the function represented by this 00747 * object then this function does nothing and returns false. This 00748 * method is thread safe and may be called by any thread. It will not 00749 * throw. 00750 * @return true if run() has previously been called and the worker 00751 * thread has not yet finished executing the function represented by 00752 * this object, otherwise false (in which case this method does 00753 * nothing). 00754 * @note 1. Use this method with care. When cancelling a thread not 00755 * all thread implementations will unwind the stack, and so run the 00756 * destructors of local objects. This is discussed further in the 00757 * documentation on Cgu::Thread::Thread::cancel(). 00758 * @note 2. This method might return true because the worker thread 00759 * has not yet finished, but the error flag might still not be set. 00760 * This is because the worker thread may not meet a cancellation point 00761 * before it ends naturally. It is the error flag which indicates 00762 * definitively whether the worker thread terminated prematurely in 00763 * response to a call to this method. 00764 */ 00765 bool cancel(); 00766 00767 /** 00768 * A utility enabling the value returned by the thread function 00769 * represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object to be dealt with 00770 * asynchronously rather than by (or in addition to) a call to the 00771 * get() method. It causes the callback passed as an argument to this 00772 * method (referred to below as the 'when' callback) to be executed by 00773 * a thread's main loop if and when the thread function represented by 00774 * this Cgu::Thread::Future object finishes correctly - the 'when' 00775 * callback is passed that thread function's return value when it is 00776 * invoked. This method is thread safe, and may be called by any 00777 * thread. 00778 * 00779 * This functionality is implemented by connecting an internal 00780 * dispatching callback to the done_emitter object. 00781 * 00782 * The 'when' callback should take a single unbound argument 00783 * comprising a const reference to the return type of the thread 00784 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object. (So, in 00785 * the case of a Future<int> object, the callback function should take 00786 * a const int& argument as the unbound argument.) The 'when' 00787 * callback can have any number of bound arguments, except that a 00788 * bound argument may not include a copy of this Cgu::Thread::Future 00789 * object held by intrusive pointer as returned by the make() methods 00790 * (that would result in this Cgu::Thread::Future object owning, via 00791 * done_emitter, a reference to itself and so become incapable of 00792 * being freed). The 'when' callback may, however, take a pointer to 00793 * this Cgu::Thread::Future object, as obtained by the 00794 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr::get() method, because this Cgu::Thread::Future 00795 * object is guaranteed to remain in existence until the callback has 00796 * completed executing. 00797 * 00798 * This method cannot be called after the thread function represented 00799 * by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has completed (either 00800 * successfully or unsuccessfully) so that is_done() would return 00801 * true, and if this is attempted a Cgu::Thread::FutureWhenError 00802 * exception will be thrown. Therefore, generally this method should 00803 * be called before the run() method has been called. 00804 * 00805 * Once the run() method has been called, this Cgu::Thread::Future 00806 * object will always stay in existence until the thread function 00807 * represented by it has completed (whether correctly, by cancellation 00808 * or by a thrown exception), and any 'when' callback (and any other 00809 * callbacks connected to the done_emitter object) and any 'fail' 00810 * callback have completed. Accordingly it is safe to use this method 00811 * even if the intrusive pointer object returned by the make() methods 00812 * will go out of scope before the 'when' callback has executed: the 00813 * callback will execute correctly irrespective of that. 00814 * 00815 * Summary: use of this method is safe and has been implemented in a 00816 * way which does not give rise to timing issues. 00817 * 00818 * If memory is exhausted and std::bad_alloc is thrown by the thread 00819 * wrapper of Cgu::Thread::Future after run() is called or by 00820 * done_emitter when emitting, or if the thread function represented 00821 * by this Cgu::Thread::Future object throws Cgu::Thread::Exit, exits 00822 * with an uncaught exception deriving from std::exception or is 00823 * cancelled, or if the copy constructor of a non-reference bound 00824 * argument of the 'when' callback throws, or any other callback has 00825 * been connected to done_emitter before this method is called which 00826 * exits with an uncaught exception, then the 'when' callback will not 00827 * execute (instead the exception concerned will be consumed and an 00828 * error indicated). With many systems, swap memory combined with 00829 * memory over-commit makes it pointless to check for std::bad_alloc 00830 * (and even more so in programs using glib, as glib aborts a program 00831 * where it cannot obtain memory from the operating system). So 00832 * subject to that, if the user program is designed so that the thread 00833 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object does not 00834 * exit with uncaught exceptions, does not throw Cgu::Thread::Exit and 00835 * is not cancelled, and so that the 'when' callback does not exit 00836 * with an uncaught exception and either has no non-reference bound 00837 * arguments or the copy constructors of any non-reference bound 00838 * arguments do not throw, and if this method is called before any 00839 * other callbacks are connected to done_emitter, the possibility of 00840 * failure can be disregarded. 00841 * 00842 * In cases where that is not true and detecting whether a failure has 00843 * occurred is required, a fail() method is provided. It should be 00844 * noted that a callback handed to the fail() method will not execute 00845 * in a case of error if the error comprises the 'when' callback 00846 * exiting with an uncaught exception when it is executed by the main 00847 * loop, or the copy constructor of one of its non-reference bound 00848 * arguments throwing when it executes (such an exception would be 00849 * consumed internally in order to protect the main loop and a 00850 * g_critical message issued). If the 'when' callback might exit with 00851 * an uncaught exception when executing or have the copy constructor 00852 * of a non-reference bound argument throw, and doing something other 00853 * than consuming the exception and issuing a g_critical message is 00854 * required, then a different approach is to start a new thread to 00855 * wait on the get() method which can act on the result of is_error() 00856 * directly. 00857 * 00858 * If glib < 2.32 is used, the glib main loop must have been made 00859 * thread-safe by a call to g_thread_init() before this function is 00860 * called. glib >= 2.32 does not require g_thread_init() to be called 00861 * in order to be thread safe. 00862 * 00863 * @param cb The 'when' callback (the callback to be executed when the 00864 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has 00865 * successfully completed). Ownership is taken of this object, and it 00866 * will be deleted when it has been finished with. 00867 * @param priority The priority to be given to the 'when' callback in 00868 * the main loop after the thread function represented by this 00869 * Cgu::Thread::Future object has successfully completed. In 00870 * ascending order of priorities, priorities are G_PRIORITY_LOW, 00871 * G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT_IDLE, G_PRIORITY_HIGH_IDLE, G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT 00872 * and G_PRIORITY_HIGH. The default is G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT. This 00873 * determines the order in which the callback will appear in the event 00874 * list in the main loop, not the priority which the OS will adopt. 00875 * @param context The glib main context of the thread in whose main 00876 * loop the 'when' callback is to be executed (the default of NULL 00877 * will cause the callback to be executed in the main program loop). 00878 * @return The internal dispatching callback created by this method 00879 * and connected to done_emitter. It is made available as a return 00880 * value so that if wanted it can be disconnected programmatically 00881 * from done_emitter, or block()/unblock() can be called on it (but if 00882 * that is to be done, it must be done before the thread function 00883 * represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has completed in 00884 * order for it to be effective). 00885 * @exception Cgu::Thread::FutureWhenError This method will throw 00886 * Cgu::Thread::FutureWhenError if it is called after the thread 00887 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has 00888 * completed. If it does so, the 'when' callback will be disposed of. 00889 * @exception std::bad_alloc This method might throw std::bad_alloc if 00890 * memory is exhausted and the system throws in that case. If it does 00891 * so, the 'when' callback will be disposed of. 00892 * @note The return value of the function represented by the 00893 * Cgu::Thread::Future object is passed as an argument to the callback 00894 * by const reference. This should be taken into account if the 00895 * return value is of class type and other threads might access it 00896 * concurrently via the get() method by const reference (that is, 00897 * without copying it), where any of that return value's const methods 00898 * are not thread safe. 00899 * 00900 * Since 2.0.2 00901 */ 00902 Cgu::Callback::SafeFunctor when(const Cgu::Callback::CallbackArg<const Val&>* cb, 00903 gint priority = G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 00904 GMainContext* context = 0); 00905 00906 /** 00907 * This is a version of the utility enabling the value returned by the 00908 * thread function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object to 00909 * be dealt with asynchronously, which takes a Releaser object for 00910 * automatic disconnection of the callback passed as an argument to 00911 * this method (referred to below as the 'when' callback), if the 00912 * object having the 'when' callback function as a member is 00913 * destroyed. For this to be race free, the lifetime of that object 00914 * must be controlled by the thread in whose main loop the 'when' 00915 * callback will execute. 00916 * 00917 * If the 'when' callback has not been released, this method causes it 00918 * to be executed by a thread's main loop if and when the thread 00919 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object finishes 00920 * correctly - the 'when' callback is passed that thread function's 00921 * return value when it is invoked. This method is thread safe, and 00922 * may be called by any thread. 00923 * 00924 * This functionality is implemented by connecting an internal 00925 * dispatching callback to the done_emitter object. 00926 * 00927 * The 'when' callback should take a single unbound argument 00928 * comprising a const reference to the return type of the thread 00929 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object. (So, in 00930 * the case of a Future<int> object, the callback function should take 00931 * a const int& argument as the unbound argument.) The 'when' 00932 * callback can have any number of bound arguments, except that a 00933 * bound argument may not include a copy of this Cgu::Thread::Future 00934 * object held by intrusive pointer as returned by the make() methods 00935 * (that would result in this Cgu::Thread::Future object owning, via 00936 * done_emitter, a reference to itself and so become incapable of 00937 * being freed). The 'when' callback may, however, take a pointer to 00938 * this Cgu::Thread::Future object, as obtained by the 00939 * Cgu::IntrusivePtr::get() method, because this Cgu::Thread::Future 00940 * object is guaranteed to remain in existence until the callback has 00941 * completed executing. 00942 * 00943 * This method cannot be called after the thread function represented 00944 * by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has completed (either 00945 * successfully or unsuccessfully) so that is_done() would return 00946 * true, and if this is attempted a Cgu::Thread::FutureWhenError 00947 * exception will be thrown. Therefore, generally this method should 00948 * be called before the run() method has been called. 00949 * 00950 * The documentation for the version of this method which does not 00951 * take a Releaser object gives further details of how this method is 00952 * used. 00953 * 00954 * If glib < 2.32 is used, the glib main loop must have been made 00955 * thread-safe by a call to g_thread_init() before this function is 00956 * called. glib >= 2.32 does not require g_thread_init() to be called 00957 * in order to be thread safe. 00958 * 00959 * @param cb The 'when' callback (the callback to be executed when the 00960 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has 00961 * successfully completed). Ownership is taken of this object, and it 00962 * will be deleted when it has been finished with. 00963 * @param r A Releaser object for automatic disconnection of the 00964 * 'when' callback if the object of which the callback function is a 00965 * member is destroyed. 00966 * @param priority The priority to be given to the 'when' callback in 00967 * the main loop after the thread function represented by this 00968 * Cgu::Thread::Future object has successfully completed. In 00969 * ascending order of priorities, priorities are G_PRIORITY_LOW, 00970 * G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT_IDLE, G_PRIORITY_HIGH_IDLE, G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT 00971 * and G_PRIORITY_HIGH. The default is G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT. This 00972 * determines the order in which the callback will appear in the event 00973 * list in the main loop, not the priority which the OS will adopt. 00974 * @param context The glib main context of the thread in whose main 00975 * loop the 'when' callback is to be executed (the default of NULL 00976 * will cause the callback to be executed in the main program loop). 00977 * @return The internal dispatching callback created by this method 00978 * and connected to done_emitter. It is made available as a return 00979 * value so that if wanted it can be disconnected programmatically 00980 * from done_emitter, or block()/unblock() can be called on it (but if 00981 * that is to be done, it must be done before the thread function 00982 * represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has completed in 00983 * order for it to be effective). 00984 * @exception Cgu::Thread::FutureWhenError This method will throw 00985 * Cgu::Thread::FutureWhenError if it is called after the thread 00986 * function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object has 00987 * completed. If it does so, the 'when' callback will be disposed of. 00988 * @exception std::bad_alloc This method might throw std::bad_alloc if 00989 * memory is exhausted and the system throws in that case. If it does 00990 * so, the 'when' callback will be disposed of. 00991 * @exception Cgu::Thread::MutexError This method will throw 00992 * Cgu:Thread::MutexError if initialisation of the mutex in a 00993 * SafeEmitterArg object constructed by this method fails. If it does 00994 * so, the 'when' callback will be disposed of. (It is often not 00995 * worth checking for this, as it means either memory is exhausted or 00996 * pthread has run out of other resources to create new mutexes.) 00997 * @note The return value of the function represented by the 00998 * Cgu::Thread::Future object is passed as an argument to the callback 00999 * by const reference. This should be taken into account if the 01000 * return value is of class type and other threads might access it 01001 * concurrently via the get() method by const reference (that is, 01002 * without copying it), where any of that return value's const methods 01003 * are not thread safe. 01004 * 01005 * Since 2.0.2 01006 */ 01007 Cgu::Callback::SafeFunctor when(const Cgu::Callback::CallbackArg<const Val&>* cb, 01008 Cgu::Releaser& r, 01009 gint priority = G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 01010 GMainContext* context = 0); 01011 01012 /** 01013 * A utility intended to be used where relevant in conjunction with 01014 * the when() methods. It enables a callback to be executed in a glib 01015 * main loop (referred to below as the 'fail' callback) if memory is 01016 * exhausted and std::bad_alloc was thrown by the thread wrapper of 01017 * Cgu::Thread::Future after calling run() or by done_emitter when 01018 * emitting, or if the thread function represented by this 01019 * Cgu::Thread::Future object threw Cgu::Thread::Exit, exited with an 01020 * uncaught exception deriving from std::exception or was cancelled, 01021 * or any callback connected to done_emitter exited with an uncaught 01022 * exception. It therefore enables errors to be detected and acted on 01023 * without having a thread wait on the get() method in order to test 01024 * is_error() or is_emitter_error(). 01025 * 01026 * It is implemented by attaching a timeout to the main loop which 01027 * polls at 100 millisecond intervals and tests is_done()/is_error() 01028 * and is_emitter_done()/is_emitter_error(). The timeout is 01029 * automatically removed by the implementation once it has been 01030 * detected that an error has occurred and the 'fail' callback is 01031 * executed, or if the thread function represented by this Cgu::Future 01032 * object and all done_emitter emissions (including execution of any 01033 * 'when' callback) have completed successfully. 01034 * 01035 * This method can be called before or after the run() method has been 01036 * called, and whether or not the thread function represented by this 01037 * Cgu::Thread::Future object has completed. 01038 * 01039 * Once this method has been called, this Cgu::Thread::Future object 01040 * will always stay in existence until the timeout has been 01041 * automatically removed by the implementation. Accordingly it is 01042 * safe to use this method even if the intrusive pointer object 01043 * returned by the make() methods will go out of scope before the 01044 * 'fail' callback has executed: the callback will execute correctly 01045 * irrespective of that. 01046 * 01047 * This method does not have a priority argument: as a polling timeout 01048 * is created, a particular priority will normally have no 01049 * significance (in fact, the 'fail' callback will execute in the main 01050 * loop with a priority of G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT). If in a special case 01051 * a different polling interval than 100 milliseconds or a different 01052 * priority is required, users can attach their own polling timeouts 01053 * to a main loop and carry out the tests by hand. 01054 * 01055 * Four other points should be noted. First, if as well as the when() 01056 * method being called some other callback has been connected to 01057 * done_emitter, and that other callback throws, the 'fail' callback 01058 * will execute. Therefore, if the particular program design requires 01059 * that the 'fail' callback should only execute if the thread function 01060 * represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object did not complete 01061 * successfully or emitting the 'when' callback failed, no other 01062 * callbacks which throw should be connected to done_emitter. 01063 * 01064 * Secondly, as mentioned in the documentation on the when() method, 01065 * if the 'when' callback exits with an uncaught exception upon being 01066 * executed by the main loop or has a non-reference bound argument 01067 * whose copy constructor throws when it executes, the 'fail' callback 01068 * will not execute (the exception will have been consumed internally 01069 * in order to protect the main loop and a g_critical message issued). 01070 * 01071 * Thirdly, avoid if possible having the 'fail' callback represent a 01072 * function which might throw or which has a non-reference bound 01073 * argument whose copy constructor might throw (such an exception 01074 * would be consumed internally in order to protect the main loop and 01075 * a g_critical message issued, but no other error indication apart 01076 * from the g_critical message will be provided). 01077 * 01078 * Fourthly, unlike the 'when' callback, a copy of this 01079 * Cgu::Thread::Future object held by intrusive pointer as returned by 01080 * the make() methods may safely be bound to the 'fail' callback, 01081 * which would enable the 'fail' callback to determine whether it is 01082 * is_error() or is_emitter_error() which returns false. 01083 * 01084 * If glib < 2.32 is used, the glib main loop must have been made 01085 * thread-safe by a call to g_thread_init() before this function is 01086 * called. glib >= 2.32 does not require g_thread_init() to be called 01087 * in order to be thread safe. 01088 * 01089 * @param cb The 'fail' callback (the callback to be executed if the 01090 * thread function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object or a 01091 * done_emitter emission has failed to complete). Ownership is taken 01092 * of this object, and it will be deleted when it has been finished 01093 * with. 01094 * @param context The glib main context of the thread in whose main 01095 * loop the 'fail' callback is to be executed (the default of NULL 01096 * will cause the functor to be executed in the main program loop). 01097 * @exception std::bad_alloc This method might throw std::bad_alloc if 01098 * memory is exhausted and the system throws in that case. If it does 01099 * so, the 'fail' callback will be disposed of. 01100 * 01101 * Since 2.0.2 01102 */ 01103 void fail(const Cgu::Callback::Callback* cb, 01104 GMainContext* context = 0); 01105 01106 /** 01107 * This is a version of the fail() utility for use in conjunction with 01108 * the when() methods, which takes a Releaser object for automatic 01109 * disconnection of the callback functor passed as an argument to this 01110 * method if the object having the callback function as a member is 01111 * destroyed. 01112 * 01113 * This method enables a callback to be executed in a glib main loop 01114 * if memory is exhausted and std::bad_alloc was thrown by the thread 01115 * wrapper of Cgu::Thread::Future after calling run() or by 01116 * done_emitter when emitting, or if the thread function represented 01117 * by this Cgu::Thread::Future object threw Cgu::Thread::Exit, exited 01118 * with an uncaught exception deriving from std::exception or was 01119 * cancelled, or any callback connected to done_emitter exited with an 01120 * uncaught exception. It therefore enables errors to be detected and 01121 * acted on without having a thread wait on the get() method in order 01122 * to test is_error() or is_emitter_error(). 01123 * 01124 * This method can be called before or after the run() method has been 01125 * called, and whether or not the thread function represented by this 01126 * Cgu::Thread::Future object has completed. 01127 * 01128 * The documentation for the version of this method which does not 01129 * take a Releaser object gives further details of how this method is 01130 * used. 01131 * 01132 * If glib < 2.32 is used, the glib main loop must have been made 01133 * thread-safe by a call to g_thread_init() before this function is 01134 * called. glib >= 2.32 does not require g_thread_init() to be called 01135 * in order to be thread safe. 01136 * 01137 * @param cb The 'fail' callback (the callback to be executed if the 01138 * thread function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object or a 01139 * done_emitter emission has failed to complete). Ownership is taken 01140 * of this object, and it will be deleted when it has been finished 01141 * with. 01142 * @param r A Releaser object for automatic disconnection of the 01143 * 'fail' callback if the object of which the callback function is a 01144 * member is destroyed. 01145 * @param context The glib main context of the thread in whose main 01146 * loop the 'fail' callback is to be executed (the default of NULL 01147 * will cause the functor to be executed in the main program loop). 01148 * @exception std::bad_alloc This method might throw std::bad_alloc if 01149 * memory is exhausted and the system throws in that case. If it does 01150 * so, the 'fail' callback will be disposed of. 01151 * @exception Cgu::Thread::MutexError This method will throw 01152 * Cgu:Thread::MutexError if initialisation of the mutex in a 01153 * SafeEmitterArg object constructed by Cgu::start_timeout() fails. 01154 * If it does so, the 'fail' callback will be disposed of. (It is 01155 * often not worth checking for this, as it means either memory is 01156 * exhausted or pthread has run out of other resources to create new 01157 * mutexes.) 01158 * 01159 * Since 2.0.2 01160 */ 01161 void fail(const Cgu::Callback::Callback* cb, 01162 Cgu::Releaser& r, 01163 GMainContext* context = 0); 01164 01165 /** 01166 * @return true if the function represented by this 01167 * Cgu::Thread::Future object has finished, either by returning 01168 * normally, by cancellation or by virtue of having thrown 01169 * Cgu::Thread::Exit or some exception derived from std::exception. 01170 * Once this method returns true, then it is guaranteed that the get() 01171 * method will not block (except as incidental to any contention with 01172 * other threads calling get()). Once this method has returned true 01173 * or get() has unblocked, then the result of is_error() is 01174 * definitive. This method is thread safe and may be called by any 01175 * thread. It will not throw. 01176 * @note This method will return true even though any callbacks 01177 * connected to done_emitter are still executing or waiting to 01178 * execute. From version 2.0.2 the is_emitter_done() method will 01179 * indicate when done_emitter callbacks (if any) have also completed. 01180 */ 01181 bool is_done() const; 01182 01183 /** 01184 * @return true if both the function represented by this 01185 * Cgu::Thread::Future object has finished and any callbacks connected 01186 * to done_emitter have completed. Once this method returns true, 01187 * then the result of is_emitter_error() is definitive. This method 01188 * is thread safe and may be called by any thread. It will not throw. 01189 * @note This method will return true automatically if is_error() and 01190 * is_done() return true, because if the function represented by this 01191 * Cgu::Thread::Future object was cancelled or exited with an uncaught 01192 * exception, done_emitter is never emitted. In addition, if this 01193 * method returns true, then is_done() must also return true. 01194 * 01195 * Since 2.0.2 01196 */ 01197 bool is_emitter_done() const; 01198 01199 /** 01200 * @return true if (a) a Cgu::Thread::Exit exception has been thrown 01201 * by the function represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object 01202 * (which will have been consumed by this Cgu::Thread::Future object), 01203 * (b) an exception derived from std::exception has been thrown by 01204 * that function which was not caught in that function (and which will 01205 * also have been consumed by this Cgu::Thread::Future object), (c) 01206 * the worker thread in which that function runs was cancelled in 01207 * mid-course with a call to cancel() or (d) the thread wrapper 01208 * implementing the worker thread in this Cgu::Thread::Future object 01209 * threw and then consumed std::bad_alloc (this is different from the 01210 * run() method throwing std::bad_alloc). In these cases the value 01211 * obtained by get() will not be valid. Otherwise this method returns 01212 * false. The result of this method is definitive once get() has 01213 * unblocked or is_done() returns true. This method is thread safe 01214 * and may be called by any thread. It will not throw. 01215 */ 01216 bool is_error() const; 01217 01218 /** 01219 * @return true if an uncaught exception arose in emitting @ref 01220 * DoneEmitterAnchor "done_emitter" when executing callbacks connected 01221 * to it. Otherwise this method returns false. The result of this 01222 * method is definitive once is_emitter_done() returns true. This 01223 * method is thread safe and may be called by any thread. It will not 01224 * throw. 01225 * @note This method will return false automatically if is_error() 01226 * returns true, because if the function represented by this 01227 * Cgu::Thread::Future object was cancelled or exited with an uncaught 01228 * exception, done_emitter is never emitted. It follows that if this 01229 * method returns true, is_error() must return false. 01230 */ 01231 bool is_emitter_error() const; 01232 01233 /** 01234 * A Cgu::SafeEmitter object which is emitted when the function 01235 * represented by this Cgu::Thread::Future object finishes correctly 01236 * (that is, the function is not cancelled and does not throw any 01237 * uncaught exceptions). By itself it does not do too much as it is 01238 * emitted (and connected callbacks execute in) the same worker thread 01239 * immediately after the Future function has completed. However, any 01240 * thread can connect a Callback object to this Cgu::SafeEmitter 01241 * object and a connected callback can, say, cause another Callback to 01242 * be executed in a thread's main loop using Cgu::Callback::post(), 01243 * and from version 2.0.2 when() methods are provided which will do 01244 * this for users automatically. Once the run() method has been 01245 * called, this Cgu::Thread::Future object (and so done_emitter) will 01246 * always stay in existence until the function represented by it has 01247 * completed (whether correctly, by cancellation or by a thrown 01248 * exception) and any callbacks connected to the done_emitter object 01249 * have completed, irrespective of whether the intrusive pointer 01250 * returned by the make() methods has gone out of scope. 01251 * @note 1. Cancellation is blocked while the Cgu::SafeEmitter object 01252 * emits and any connected callback executes. 01253 * @note 2. A connected callback can however terminate the worker 01254 * thread by throwing Cgu::Thread::Exit (in which case no subsequent 01255 * callbacks to be executed on that emission will execute either: the 01256 * worker thread will safely terminate and unwind the stack in so 01257 * doing). In that event, the emitter_error flag will be set. 01258 * @note 3. All other uncaught exceptions which might be thrown by the 01259 * Cgu::SafeEmitter object emitting, or by a connected callback 01260 * function executing, are consumed to retain the integrity of the 01261 * Thread::Future object. In the event of such an exception being 01262 * thrown, the emitter_error flag will be set. In summary, the 01263 * emitter_error flag will be set if (a) a callback function throws 01264 * Cgu::Thread::Exit, (b) some other uncaught exception escapes from a 01265 * callback function or (c) Cgu::SafeEmitter::emit() throws 01266 * std::bad_alloc or the copy constructor of a bound argument which is 01267 * not a reference argument has thrown. If the user knows that the 01268 * callback function does not throw Cgu::Thread::Exit and does not 01269 * allow any other exception to escape, then the cause must be a 01270 * std::bad_alloc memory exception in Cgu::SafeEmitter::emit() or the 01271 * copy constructor of a non-reference bound argument throwing. 01272 * @note 4. An emission is thread safe if the connected callback 01273 * functions are thread safe. 01274 * @anchor DoneEmitterAnchor 01275 */ 01276 SafeEmitter done_emitter; 01277 01278 /* Only has effect if --with-glib-memory-slices-compat or 01279 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat option picked */ 01280 CGU_GLIB_MEMORY_SLICES_FUNCS 01281 }; 01282 01283 /** 01284 * A convenience helper function which calls 01285 * Cgu::Thread::Future::make() to obtain a Future object without the 01286 * need to specify the return value of the function represented by the 01287 * new object: that is deduced from the signature of that function. 01288 * This is useful shorthand when also employed with the C++11 'auto' 01289 * keyword. 01290 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 01291 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 01292 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 01293 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 01294 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 01295 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 01296 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 01297 * the default constructor of the return value type of the function 01298 * represented by the new object throws. 01299 * 01300 * Since 2.0.4 01301 */ 01302 template <class Obj, class Ret, class... Params, class... Args> 01303 Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>> make_future(Obj& obj, 01304 Ret (Obj::*func)(Params...), 01305 Args&&... args) { 01306 return Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>::make(obj, func, std::forward<Args>(args)...); 01307 } 01308 01309 /** 01310 * A convenience helper function which calls 01311 * Cgu::Thread::Future::make() to obtain a Future object without the 01312 * need to specify the return value of the function represented by the 01313 * new object: that is deduced from the signature of that function. 01314 * This is useful shorthand when also employed with the C++11 'auto' 01315 * keyword. 01316 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 01317 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 01318 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 01319 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 01320 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 01321 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 01322 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 01323 * the default constructor of the return value type of the function 01324 * represented by the new object throws. 01325 * 01326 * Since 2.0.4 01327 */ 01328 template <class Obj, class Ret, class... Params, class... Args> 01329 Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>> make_future(const Obj& obj, 01330 Ret (Obj::*func)(Params...) const, 01331 Args&&... args) { 01332 return Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>::make(obj, func, std::forward<Args>(args)...); 01333 } 01334 01335 /** 01336 * A convenience helper function which calls 01337 * Cgu::Thread::Future::make() to obtain a Future object without the 01338 * need to specify the return value of the function represented by the 01339 * new object: that is deduced from the signature of that function. 01340 * This is useful shorthand when also employed with the C++11 'auto' 01341 * keyword. 01342 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 01343 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 01344 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 01345 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 01346 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 01347 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 01348 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 01349 * the default constructor of the return value type of the function 01350 * represented by the new object throws. 01351 * 01352 * Since 2.0.4 01353 */ 01354 template <class Ret, class... Params, class... Args> 01355 Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>> make_future(Ret (*func)(Params...), 01356 Args&&... args) { 01357 return Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>::make(func, std::forward<Args>(args)...); 01358 } 01359 01360 /** 01361 * A convenience helper function which calls 01362 * Cgu::Thread::Future::make() to obtain a Future object without the 01363 * need to specify the return value of the function represented by the 01364 * new object: that is deduced from the signature of that function. 01365 * This is useful shorthand when also employed with the C++11 'auto' 01366 * keyword. 01367 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 01368 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 01369 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 01370 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 01371 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 01372 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 01373 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 01374 * the default constructor of the return value type of the function 01375 * represented by the new object throws. 01376 * 01377 * Since 2.0.4 01378 */ 01379 template <class Ret> 01380 Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>> make_future(const std::function<Ret(void)>& func) { 01381 return Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>::make(func); 01382 } 01383 01384 /** 01385 * A convenience helper function which calls 01386 * Cgu::Thread::Future::make() to obtain a Future object without the 01387 * need to specify the return value of the function represented by the 01388 * new object: that is deduced from the signature of that function. 01389 * This is useful shorthand when also employed with the C++11 'auto' 01390 * keyword. 01391 * @exception std::bad_alloc It might throw std::bad_alloc if memory 01392 * is exhausted and the system throws in that case. (This exception 01393 * will not be thrown if the library has been installed using the 01394 * --with-glib-memory-slices-no-compat configuration option: instead 01395 * glib will terminate the program if it is unable to obtain memory 01396 * from the operating system.) It will also throw if the copy 01397 * constructor or assignment operator of a bound argument throws, or 01398 * the default constructor of the return value type of the function 01399 * represented by the new object throws. 01400 * 01401 * Since 2.0.4 01402 */ 01403 template <class Ret> 01404 Cgu::IntrusivePtr<Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>> make_future(std::function<Ret(void)>&& func) { 01405 return Cgu::Thread::Future<Ret>::make(std::move(func)); 01406 } 01407 01408 } // namespace Thread 01409 01410 } // namespace Cgu 01411 01412 #include <c++-gtk-utils/future.tpp> 01413 01414 #endif