SYNOPSIS

       openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

       openssl [ list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-
       commands | list-cipher-commands ]

       openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]


DESCRIPTION

       OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure
       Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security
       (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography stan­
       dards required by them.

       The openssl program is a command line tool for using the
       various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library
       from the shell.  It can be used for

        o  Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters
        o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
        o  Calculation of Message Digests
        o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
        o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
        o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail


COMMAND SUMMARY

       The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands
       (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a
       wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and com­
       mand_args in the SYNOPSIS).

       The pseudo-commands list-standard-commands, list-message-
       digest-commands, and list-cipher-commands output a list
       (one entry per line) of the names of all standard com­
       mands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
       respectively, that are available in the present openssl
       utility.

       The pseudo-command no-XXX tests whether a command of the
       specified name is available.  If no command named XXX
       exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; other­
       wise it returns 1 and prints XXX.  In both cases, the out­
       put goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr.
       Additional command line arguments are always ignored.
       Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name,
       this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for
       the availability of ciphers in the openssl program.
       (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as
       quit, list-...-commands, or no-XXX itself.)

       STANDARD COMMANDS

                 by dhparam.

       dsa       DSA Data Management.

       dsaparam  DSA Parameter Generation.

       enc       Encoding with Ciphers.

       errstr    Error Number to Error String Conversion.

       dhparam   Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman
                 Parameters.

       gendh     Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.  Obso­
                 leted by dhparam.

       gendsa    Generation of DSA Parameters.

       genrsa    Generation of RSA Parameters.

       passwd    Generation of hashed passwords.

       pkcs12    PKCS#12 Data Management.

       pkcs7     PKCS#7 Data Management.

       rand      Generate pseudo-random bytes.

       req       X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Manage­
                 ment.

       rsa       RSA Data Management.

       rsautl    RSA utility for signing, verification, encryp­
                 tion, and decryption.

       s_client  This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which
                 can establish a transparent connection to a
                 remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended
                 for testing purposes only and provides only
                 rudimentary interface functionality but inter­
                 nally uses mostly all functionality of the
                 OpenSSL ssl library.

       s_server  This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which
                 accepts connections from remote clients speaking
                 SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only
                 and provides only rudimentary interface func­
                 tionality but internally uses mostly all func­
                 tionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.  It pro­
                 vides both an own command line oriented protocol
                 for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP

       x509      X.509 Certificate Data Management.

       MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS


       md2       MD2 Digest

       md5       MD5 Digest

       mdc2      MDC2 Digest

       rmd160    RMD-160 Digest

       sha       SHA Digest

       sha1      SHA-1 Digest

       ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS


       base64    Base64 Encoding

       bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb
                 Blowfish Cipher

       cast cast-cbc
                 CAST Cipher

       cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb
                 CAST5 Cipher

       des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-
       cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb
                 DES Cipher

       des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb
                 Triple-DES Cipher

       idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb
                 IDEA Cipher

       rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb
                 RC2 Cipher

       rc4       RC4 Cipher

       rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb
                 RC5 Cipher


PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS

       Several commands accept password arguments, typically
       env:var   obtain the password from the environment vari­
                 able var. Since the environment of other pro­
                 cesses is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps
                 under certain Unix OSes) this option should be
                 used with caution.

       file:pathname
                 the first line of pathname is the password. If
                 the same pathname argument is supplied to
                 -passin and -passout arguments then the first
                 line will be used for the input password and the
                 next line for the output password. pathname need
                 not refer to a regular file: it could for exam­
                 ple refer to a device or named pipe.

       fd:number read the password from the file descriptor num­
                 ber. This can be used to send the data via a
                 pipe for example.

       stdin     read the password from standard input.


SEE ALSO

       asn1parse(1), ca(1), config(5), crl(1), crl2pkcs7(1),
       dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1), enc(1),
       gendsa(1), genrsa(1), nseq(1), openssl(1), passwd(1),
       pkcs12(1), pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), rand(1), req(1), rsa(1),
       rsautl(1), s_client(1), s_server(1), smime(1), spkac(1),
       verify(1), version(1), x509(1), crypto(3), ssl(3)


HISTORY

       The openssl(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.  The
       list-XXX-commands pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL
       0.9.3; the no-XXX pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL
       0.9.5a.  For notes on the availability of other commands,
       see their individual manual pages.



0.9.6i                      2001-11-12                 OPENSSL(1)

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