NAME

       psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps


SYNOPSIS

       psmeca   files   -Jparameters   -Rwest/east/south/north  [
       -Btickinfo ] [ -Cpen ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax  ]  [  -Efill]  [
       -Gfill]  [ -H[n] ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ]
       [ -P ] [ -S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[<pen>]  ]
       [  -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [-Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ]
       [-Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[<size>[P_symbol>[T_symbol]]]  ]  [
       -gfill  ]  [-efill  ]  [  -o  ]  [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:]
       [-ccopies ]


DESCRIPTION

       psmeca reads data values from files  [or  standard  input]
       and  generates PostScript code that will plot focal mecha­
       nisms on a map. Most options are the  same  as  for  psxy.
       The PostScript code is written to standard output.



ARGUMENTS

       files  List one or more file-names. If no files are given,
       psvelomeca will read standard input.

       -J     Selects the map projection. Scale  is  UNIT/degree,
              1:xxxxx,  or  width  in UNIT (upper case modifier).
              UNIT is cm, inch,  or  m,  depending  on  the  MEA­
              SURE_UNIT  setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can be
              overridden on the command line by appending the  c,
              i, or m to the scale/width value.

              CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
              -Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
              -Jmscale  (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as ori­
              gin)
              -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator -  Give  meridian  and
              standard parallel)
              -Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale   (Oblique  Mercator  -
              point and azimuth)
              -Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique  Mercator  -
              two points)
              -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale  (Oblique  Mercator -
              point and pole)
              -Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant  Cylindrical  Projection
              (Plate Carree))
              -Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa­
              tor as y = 0)
              -Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse  Mercator,  set
              origin)
              -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
              -Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)

              AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
              -Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
              -Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
              -Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
              -Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)

              CONIC PROJECTIONS:

              -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
              -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
              -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)

              MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

              -Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
              -Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
              -Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
              -Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
              -Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
              -Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
              -Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)

              NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r)  coordinates,
              optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
              -Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]]  (Linear, log,
              and power scaling)
              More details can be found  in  the  psbasemap  man­
              pages.

       -R     west,  east, south, and north specify the Region of
              interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min­
              utes  [and  seconds],  use  the  dd:mm[:ss] format.
              Append r if lower left and upper right map  coordi­
              nates are given instead of wesn.

       -S     Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
              In order to use the same file  to  plot  cross-sec­
              tions,  depth is in third column.  Nevertheless, it
              is possible to use  "old  style"  psvelomeca  input
              files  without  depth  in third column using the -o
              option.

       -Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms in  Aki  and  Richard  convention.
              scale  adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the
              "beach ball", which will  be  proportional  to  the
              magnitude.  Scale  is the size for magnitude = 5 in
              inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).   Use  the
              -T  option  to render the beach ball transparent by
              drawing only the nodal planes  and  the  circumfer­
              ence.  The  color or shade of the compressive quad­
              rants can be specified  with  the  -G  option.  The
              color  or  shade  of the extensive quadrants can be
              specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are
              expected to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees

       7:     magnitude

       8,9:   longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.
              Entries  in these columns are necessary with the -C
              option. Using 0,0 in columns 8 and 9 will plot  the
              beach  ball  at  the  longtiude,  latitude given in
              columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
              order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).

       10:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
              (optional).


       -Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.   scale
              adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the "beach
              ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
              Scale  is  the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 =
              4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or  p  is
              appended).   Use  the -T option to render the beach
              ball transparent by drawing only the  nodal  planes
              and  the  circumference.  The color or shade of the
              compressive quadrants can be specified with the  -G
              option.  The  color or shade of the extensive quad­
              rants can be specified with the -E option.  Parame­
              ters are expected to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1

       7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2

       10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm

       12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.
              Entries  in these columns are necessary with the -C
              option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will  plot
              the  beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
              columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
              order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).

       14:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
              (optional).

       -Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Seismic  moment  tensor  (Harvard  CMT,  with  zero
              trace).  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
              the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
              magnitude.  Scale  is  the  size  for magnitude = 5
              (that is scalar seismic moment =  4.0E23  dynes-cm)
              in  inch  (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0
              option overlays best double couple  transparently.)
              Put  -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot  the
              only double couple  part  of  moment  tensor.   Put
              -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
              part of moment tensor (zero trace).  The  color  or
              shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
              with the -G option.  The  color  or  shade  of  the
              extensive  quadrants  can  be specified with the -E
              option.  Parameters are expected to be in the  fol­
              lowing columns

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9:
              mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent  dynes-
              cm

       10:    exponent

       11,12: longitude,  latitude  at which to place beach ball.
              Entries in these columns are necessary with the  -C
              option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
              beach ball at  the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
              columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
              order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       13:    Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
              (optional).


       -Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal  mechanisms  given  with partial data on both
              planes.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
              the "beach ball"
                   , which will be proportional to the magnitude.
              Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless
              c,  i, m, or p is appended).  The color or shade of
              the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
              -G  option.  The  color  or  shade of the extensive
              quadrants can be  specified  with  the  -E  option.
              Parameters  are  expected  to  be  in the following
              columns

       1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5:   strike, dip of plane 1

       6:     strike of plane 2

       7:     must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

       8:     magnitude

       9,10:  longitude,  latitude  at which to place beach ball.
              Entries in these columns are necessary with the  -C
              option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
              beach ball at  the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
              columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
              order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       11:    Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
              (optional).


       -Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
              scale  adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the
              "beach ball", which will  be  proportional  to  the
              magnitude.  Scale  is  the  size  for magnitude = 5
              (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
              in  inch  (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0
              option overlays best double couple  transparently.)
              Put  -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot
              the only double couple part of moment tensor.   Put
              -Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot zero
              trace moment tensor.  The color  or  shade  of  the
              compressive  quadrants can be specified with the -G
              option. The color or shade of the  extensive  quad­
              rants   can   be  specified  with  the  -E  option.
              Parameters are expected  to  be  in  the  following
              columns

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
              value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
              T, N, P axis.

       13:    exponent

       14,15: longtiude,  latitude  at which to place beach ball.
              Entries in these columns are necessary with the  -C
              option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
              beach ball at  the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
              columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
              order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       16:    Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
              (optional).




OPTIONS

       No  space between the option flag and the associated argu­
       ments.

       -B     Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
              for details.

       -C[pen][Ppointsize]
              Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude
              specified in the last two columns of the input file
              before  the  (optional) text string. A small circle
              is plotted at the initial location and a line  con­
              nects  the  beachball  to  the  circle. Specify pen
              and/or Ppointsize to change the line  style  and/or
              size of the circle. [Defaults: pen width = 1, color
              = 0/0/0, texture = solid; pointsize 0].

       -D     depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and  dep­
              max.

       -Efill Selects  filling  of  extensive  quadrants. Usually
              white.  Set the  shade  (0-255)  or  color  (r/g/b)
              [Default is 255/255/255].

       -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
              the compressional quadrants of the focal  mechanism
              beach  balls  are  shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or
              color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].

       -H     Input  file(s)  has  Header  record(s).  Number  of
              header records can be changed by editing your .gmt­
              defaults file. If used, GMT  default  is  1  header
              record.

       -K     More   PostScript   code  will  be  appended  later
              [Default terminates the plot system].

       -L[pen]
              Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes.
              [Defaults  width  =  1,  color  =  0/0/0, texture =
              solid].

       -N     Does NOT  skip  symbols  that  fall  outside  frame
              boundary  specified  by  -R  [Default plots symbols
              inside frame only].

       -O     Selects Overlay plot mode  [Default  initializes  a
              new plot system].

       -P     Selects  Portrait  plotting  mode  [GMT  Default is
              Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].

       -T[num_of_planes]
              Plots the nodal  planes  and  outlines  the  bubble
              which is transparent.  If num_of_planes is
                    0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                    1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                    2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.

       -U     Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec­
              ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
              fall  on  the page relative to lower left corner of
              plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which  will
              plot  the  command  string.).  The  GMT  parameters
              UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the  appear­
              ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.

       -V     Selects  verbose  mode,  which  will  send progress
              reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].

       -W     Set default pen attributes.
               [Defaults: width = 1, color  =  0/0/0,  texture  =
              solid].

       -X -Y  Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift).  Prepend
              a for absolute coordinates; the  default  (r)  will
              reset plot origin.

       -Zcptfile
              Give  a color palette file and let compressive part
              color be determined by the  z-value  in  the  third
              column.

       -z     Overlay zero trace moment tensor.

       -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
              Computes  and  plots  P  and  T  axes with symbols.
              Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis
              symbols  from  the  following: (c) circle, (d) dia­
              mond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,  (p)point,
              (s)  square,  (t)  triangle,  (x) cross. [Defaults:
              0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]

       -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol.   Set  the  shade
              (0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default is white.

       -gfill Selects  filling  of  P axis symbol.  Set the shade
              (0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default black.

       -o     Use the psvelomeca input format  without  depth  in
              the third column.

       -p[pen]
              Draws  the  P  axis  outline using default pen (see
              -W), or sets pen attributes.

       -t[pen]
              Draws the T axis outline  using  default  pen  (see
              -W), or sets pen attributes.

       -:     Toggles  between  (longitude,latitude)  and  (lati­
              tude,longitude) input/output. [Default  is  (longi­
              tude,latitude)].  Applies to geographic coordinates
              only.

       -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]


EXAMPLES

       The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mech­
       anism:
       psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4  .br  -Sc0.4  -H1  >!
       test.ps
       lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
       239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
       END



SEE ALSO

       gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psxy(l)


REFERENCES

       Bomford,  G.,  Geodesy,  4th ed., Oxford University Press,
       1980.
       Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman,
       1980.
       F.  A.  Dahlen  and  Jeoren  Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
       Princeton, 1998, p.167.
       Cliff  Frohlich,  Cliff'Nodes  Concerning  Plotting  Nodal
       Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
       Seismological  Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan­
       uary-February, 1996
       Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace,  Modern  Global  Seismology,
       Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
       W.H.  Press,  S.A.  Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan­
       nery, Numerical Recipes in
        C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)


AUTHORS

       Genevieve Patau
       CNRS UMR 7580
       Seismology Dept.
       Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
       (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)



                            1 Feb 2002                  PSMECA(l)

Man(1) output converted with man2html