NAME
pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
SYNOPSIS
pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north -Apa
rameters [ -Btickinfo ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [ -K
] [ -L[pen] ] [-M] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [-S<sym
bol><scale>[/d] ] [ -s<symbol><size>[/d] ] [ -Tn ] [
-U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [
-Z<cpt> ] [ -a[<size>/[P_symbol>/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ]
[ -efill ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -: ] [ -c#copies ]
DESCRIPTION
pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input]
and generates PostScript code that will plot symbols,
lines or polygons on a cross-section. Focal mechanisms
may be specified and require additional columns of data.
The PostScript code is written to standard output.
files list one or more file-names. If no files are given,
pscoupe will read standard input.
A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and
the mechanism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal
plane, to half-sphere behind a vertical plane). When the
plane is not horizontal, - north direction becomes upwards
steepest descent direction of the plane (u) - east direc
tion becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down
direction (= north^east) becomes u^s
Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal
plane in the new system.
Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up,
south, east) is defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A file
is created with extracted events.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree,
1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT (upper case modifier).
UNIT is cm, inch, or m, depending on the MEA
SURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can be
overridden on the command line by appending the c,
i, or m to the scale/width value.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as ori
gin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and
standard parallel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and azimuth)
-Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator -
two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection
(Plate Carree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa
tor as y = 0)
-Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set
origin)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
-Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
-Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
-Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
-Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates,
optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear, log,
and power scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap man
pages.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of
interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min
utes [and seconds], use the dd:mm[:ss] format.
Append r if lower left and upper right map coordi
nates are given instead of wesn. If frame is
defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this
option is not taken into account, but must be pre
sent.
-A selects the cross-section.
-Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of
points 1 and 2 limiting the length ot the cross-
section.
dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-sec
tion is made.
p_width is the width of the cross-section on each
side of a vertical plane or above and under an
oblique plane.
dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from
horizontal plane, along steepest descent direction.
Add f to get the frame from the cross-section
parameters.
-Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the
beginning of the cross-section.
strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-
section.
p_length is the length along which the cross-
section is made.
The other parameters are the same as for -Aa
option.
-Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coor
dinates.
-Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coor
dinates.
-S selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
and the figure to be plotted.
-Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
to indicate that the size information is in units
of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).
Use the -T option to render the beach ball trans
parent by drawing only the nodal planes and the
circumference. The color or shade of the compres
sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can
be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip and rake
7: magnitude
8,9: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
10: text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
-Scscale
Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
The scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0
= 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
or p is appended to indicate that the size informa
tion is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
respectively). Use the -T option to render the
beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal
planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
-G option. The color or shade of the extensive
quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if mag
nitude is uses instead of scalar moment, magnitude
is in column 10 and 0 must be in column 11)
12,13: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
14: text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
-Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both
planes. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
to indicate that the size information is in units
of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).
The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can
be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3: depth
4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
6: strike of plane 2
7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8: magnitude
9,10: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
11: text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
-Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Seismic moment tensor.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23 dynes-cm) in
MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of
cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). (-T0
option overlays best double couple transparently.)
Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the
only double couple part of moment tensor. Put -Szs
cale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or
shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
with the -G option. The color or shade of the
extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol
lowing columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9:
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-
cm
10: exponent
11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
13: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
-Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
to indicate that the size information is in units
of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).
(-T0 option overlays best double couple transpar
ently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot
the only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or
shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
with the -G option. The color or shade of the
extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol
lowing columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
the T, N, and P axes.
13: exponent
14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from
the following: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itrian
gle, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. size is
the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or
p is appended to indicate that the size information
is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
respectively). If size must be read, it must be in
column 4 and the text string will start in column
5. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated argu
ments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
for details.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually
white. Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b)
[Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
the
compressional quadrants are shaded. Set the shade
(0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].
Optionally, specify -Gpicon_size/pattern, where
pattern gives the number of the image pattern
(1-32) OR the name of a icon-format file.
icon_size sets the unit size in inches. To invert
black and white pixels, use -GP instead of -Gp. See
Appendix E for information on individual patterns.
-H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of
header records can be changed by editing your .gmt
defaults file. If used, GMT default is 1 header
record.
-K More PostScript code will be appended later
[Default terminates the plot system].
-L[pen]
Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen
(see -W) or sets pen attributes.
-M Same size for any magnitude.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border
[Default plots points inside border only].
-O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a
new plot system].
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode [GMT Default is
Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].
-T[num_of_planes]
Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble
which is transparent. If num_of_planes is
0: both nodal planes are plotted;
1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
2: only the second nodal plane is plotted
[Default: 0].
-U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec
ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which will
plot the command string.). The GMT parameters
UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appear
ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.
-V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress
reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].
-W set pen attributes for text string or default pen
attributes for fault plane edges. [Defaults: width
= 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift). Prepend
a for absolute coordinates; the default (r) will
reset plot origin.
-Zcptfile
Give a color palette file and let compressive part
color be determined by the z-value in the third
column.
-a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols.
Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis
symbols from the following: (c) circle, (d) dia
mond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point,
(s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade
(0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is color of
extensive parts.]
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade
(0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is color of com
pressive parts.]
-p[pen]
Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see
-W), or sets pen attributes.
-t[pen]
Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see
-W), or sets pen attributes.
-: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (lati
tude,longitude) input/output. [Default is (longi
tude,latitude)]. Applies to geographic coordinates
only.
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
SEE ALSO
gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psmeca(l), psxy(l)
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press,
1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman,
1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
Princeton, 1998, p.167. Definition of scalar moment.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal
Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan
uary-February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology,
Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan
nery, Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University press
(routine jacobi)
AUTHOR
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)
1 Feb 2002 PSCOUPE(l)
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