NAME

       pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.


SYNOPSIS

       pscoupe  files  -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north -Apa­
       rameters [ -Btickinfo ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [  -K
       ]  [  -L[pen]  ]  [-M]  [  -N  ]  [  -O  ] [ -P ] [-S<sym­
       bol><scale>[/d] ] [  -s<symbol><size>[/d]  ]  [  -Tn  ]  [
       -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [
       -Z<cpt> ] [ -a[<size>/[P_symbol>/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ]
       [ -efill ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -: ] [ -c#copies ]


DESCRIPTION

       pscoupe  reads  data values from files [or standard input]
       and generates PostScript  code  that  will  plot  symbols,
       lines  or  polygons  on a cross-section.  Focal mechanisms
       may be specified and require additional columns  of  data.
       The PostScript code is written to standard output.

       files  list one or more file-names. If no files are given,
       pscoupe will read standard input.

       A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y)  and
       the mechanism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal
       plane, to half-sphere behind a vertical plane).  When  the
       plane is not horizontal, - north direction becomes upwards
       steepest descent direction of the plane (u) - east  direc­
       tion  becomes  strike  direction  of  the plane (s) - down
       direction (= north^east) becomes u^s
       Axis angles are defined in the same way as  in  horizontal
       plane in the new system.
       Moment  tensor  (initially  in  r, t, f system that is up,
       south, east) is defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system.  A   file
       is created with extracted events.


       -J     Selects  the  map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree,
              1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT  (upper  case  modifier).
              UNIT  is  cm,  inch,  or  m,  depending on the MEA­
              SURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can  be
              overridden  on the command line by appending the c,
              i, or m to the scale/width value.

              CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
              -Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
              -Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as  ori­
              gin)
              -Jmlon0/lat0/scale  (Mercator  -  Give meridian and
              standard parallel)
              -Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale  (Oblique  Mercator   -
              point and azimuth)
              -Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale  (Oblique  Mercator -
              two points)
              -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique  Mercator  -
              point and pole)
              -Jqlon0/scale  (Equidistant  Cylindrical Projection
              (Plate Carree))
              -Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa­
              tor as y = 0)
              -Jtlon0/lat0/scale  (TM  - Transverse Mercator, set
              origin)
              -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
              -Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)

              AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
              -Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
              -Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
              -Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
              -Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)

              CONIC PROJECTIONS:

              -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
              -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
              -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)

              MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

              -Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
              -Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
              -Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
              -Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
              -Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
              -Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
              -Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)

              NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jp[a]scale[/origin]  (polar (theta,r) coordinates,
              optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
              -Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear,  log,
              and power scaling)
              More  details  can  be  found in the psbasemap man­
              pages.

       -R     west, east, south, and north specify the Region  of
              interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min­
              utes [and  seconds],  use  the  dd:mm[:ss]  format.
              Append  r if lower left and upper right map coordi­
              nates are given  instead  of  wesn.   If  frame  is
              defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this
              option is not taken into account, but must be  pre­
              sent.

       -A selects the cross-section.
              -Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              lon  and  lat  are  the  longitude  and latitude of
              points 1 and 2 limiting the length  ot  the  cross-
              section.
              dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-sec­
              tion is made.
              p_width is the width of the cross-section  on  each
              side  of  a  vertical  plane  or above and under an
              oblique plane.
              dmin and dmax are the distances min  and  max  from
              horizontal plane, along steepest descent direction.
              Add f to  get  the  frame  from  the  cross-section
              parameters.
              -Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the
              beginning of the cross-section.
              strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-
              section.
              p_length is  the  length  along  which  the  cross-
              section is made.
              The  other  parameters  are  the  same  as  for -Aa
              option.
              -Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coor­
              dinates.
              -Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coor­
              dinates.

       -S     selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
              and the figure to be plotted.

       -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal  mechanisms  in  Aki  and Richard convention.
              scale adjusts the scaling  of  the  radius  of  the
              "beach  ball",  which  will  be proportional to the
              magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude =  5
              in  MEASURE_UNIT  (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
              to indicate that the size information is  in  units
              of  cm,  inches,  meters, or points, respectively).
              Use the -T option to render the beach  ball  trans­
              parent  by  drawing  only  the nodal planes and the
              circumference. The color or shade of  the  compres­
              sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
              The color or shade of the extensive  quadrants  can
              be  specified  with  the -E option.  Parameters are
              expected to be in the following columns:


       1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip and rake

       7:     magnitude

       8,9:   not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
              format

       10:    text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
              (default) or under (add u).


       -Scscale
              Focal  mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.  scale
              adjusts the scaling of the  radius  of  the  "beach
              ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
              The scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0
              = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
              or p is appended to indicate that the size informa­
              tion  is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
              respectively). Use the  -T  option  to  render  the
              beach  ball  transparent  by drawing only the nodal
              planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
              the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
              -G option. The color  or  shade  of  the  extensive
              quadrants  can  be  specified  with  the -E option.
              Parameters are expected  to  be  in  the  following
              columns:

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1

       7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2

       10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if mag­
              nitude  is uses instead of scalar moment, magnitude
              is in column 10 and 0 must be in column 11)

       12,13: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
              format

       14:    text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
              (default) or under (add u).


       -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms given with partial  data  on  both
              planes.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
              the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
              magnitude.  The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
              in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p  is  appended
              to  indicate  that the size information is in units
              of cm, inches, meters,  or  points,  respectively).
              The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can
              be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
              of  the  extensive  quadrants can be specified with
              the -E option.  Parameters are expected  to  be  in
              the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth

       4,5:   strike, dip of plane 1

       6:     strike of plane 2

       7:     must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

       8:     magnitude

       9,10:  not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
              format

       11:    text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
              (default) or under (add u).


       -Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Seismic moment tensor.
              scale adjusts the scaling  of  the  radius  of  the
              "beach  ball",  which  will  be proportional to the
              magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude =  5
              (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23 dynes-cm) in
              MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is  appended  to
              indicate  that  the size information is in units of
              cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).  (-T0
              option  overlays best double couple transparently.)
              Put  -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot  the
              only double couple part of moment tensor. Put -Sz
              cale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot   anisotropic
              part  of  moment  tensor (zero trace). The color or
              shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
              with  the  -G  option.  The  color  or shade of the
              extensive quadrants can be specified  with  the  -E
              option.   Parameters are expected to be in the fol­
              lowing columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9:
              mrr,  mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-
              cm

       10:    exponent

       11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
              format

       13:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
              (default) or under (add u).


       -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
              scale adjusts the scaling  of  the  radius  of  the
              "beach  ball",  which  will  be proportional to the
              magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude =  5
              (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
              in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p  is  appended
              to  indicate  that the size information is in units
              of cm, inches, meters,  or  points,  respectively).
              (-T0  option  overlays best double couple transpar­
              ently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot
              the  only  double couple part of moment tensor. Put
              -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
              part  of  moment  tensor (zero trace). The color or
              shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
              with  the  -G  option.  The  color  or shade of the
              extensive quadrants can be specified  with  the  -E
              option.   Parameters are expected to be in the fol­
              lowing columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
              value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
              the T, N, and P axes.

       13:    exponent

       14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.
              Entries  in these columns are necessary with the -C
              option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
              beach  ball  at  the  longitude,  latitude given in
              columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
              order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       16:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
              (optional).

       -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              selects a symbol instead of mechanism.  Choose from
              the following: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itrian­
              gle, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.  size  is
              the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or
              p is appended to indicate that the size information
              is  in  units  of  cm,  inches,  meters, or points,
              respectively). If size must be read, it must be  in
              column  4  and the text string will start in column
              5.  Parameters are expected to be in the  following
              columns:

       1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter­
              changes order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4:     Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
              (default) or under (add u).



OPTIONS

       No  space between the option flag and the associated argu­
       ments.

       -B     Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
              for details.

       -Efill Selects  filling  of  extensive  quadrants. Usually
              white.  Set the  shade  (0-255)  or  color  (r/g/b)
              [Default is 255/255/255].

       -Gfill selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
       the
              compressional  quadrants  are shaded. Set the shade
              (0-255)  or  color  (r/g/b)  [Default  is   0/0/0].
              Optionally,   specify  -Gpicon_size/pattern,  where
              pattern gives  the  number  of  the  image  pattern
              (1-32)   OR   the   name  of  a  icon-format  file.
              icon_size sets the unit size in inches.  To  invert
              black and white pixels, use -GP instead of -Gp. See
              Appendix E for information on individual  patterns.

       -H     Input  file(s)  has  Header  record(s).  Number  of
              header records can be changed by editing your .gmt­
              defaults  file.  If  used,  GMT default is 1 header
              record.

       -K     More  PostScript  code  will  be   appended   later
              [Default terminates the plot system].

       -L[pen]
              Draws  the  "beach  ball" outline using current pen
              (see -W) or sets pen attributes.

       -M     Same size for any magnitude.

       -N     Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map  border
              [Default plots points inside border only].

       -O     Selects  Overlay  plot  mode [Default initializes a
              new plot system].

       -P     Selects Portrait  plotting  mode  [GMT  Default  is
              Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].

       -T[num_of_planes]
              Plots  the  nodal  planes  and  outlines the bubble
              which is transparent.  If num_of_planes is
                    0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                    1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                    2: only the second  nodal  plane  is  plotted
              [Default: 0].

       -U     Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec­
              ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
              fall  on  the page relative to lower left corner of
              plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which  will
              plot  the  command  string.).  The  GMT  parameters
              UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the  appear­
              ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.

       -V     Selects  verbose  mode,  which  will  send progress
              reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].

       -W     set pen attributes for text string or  default  pen
              attributes  for fault plane edges. [Defaults: width
              = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].

       -X -Y  Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift).  Prepend
              a  for  absolute  coordinates; the default (r) will
              reset plot origin.

       -Zcptfile
              Give a color palette file and let compressive  part
              color  be  determined  by  the z-value in the third
              column.

       -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
              Computes and plots  P  and  T  axes  with  symbols.
              Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis
              symbols from the following: (c)  circle,  (d)  dia­
              mond,  (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point,
              (s) square, (t)  triangle,  (x)  cross.  [Defaults:
              0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]

       -efill Selects  filling  of  T axis symbol.  Set the shade
              (0-255) or  color  (r/g/b)  [Default  is  color  of
              extensive parts.]

       -gfill Selects  filling  of  P axis symbol.  Set the shade
              (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is color of  com­
              pressive parts.]

       -p[pen]
              Draws  the  P  axis  outline using current pen (see
              -W), or sets pen attributes.

       -t[pen]
              Draws the T axis outline  using  current  pen  (see
              -W), or sets pen attributes.

       -:     Toggles  between  (longitude,latitude)  and  (lati­
              tude,longitude) input/output. [Default  is  (longi­
              tude,latitude)].  Applies to geographic coordinates
              only.

       -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]


SEE ALSO

       gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psmeca(l), psxy(l)



REFERENCES

       Bomford,  G.,  Geodesy,  4th ed., Oxford University Press,
       1980.
       Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman,
       1980.
       F.  A.  Dahlen  and  Jeoren  Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
       Princeton, 1998, p.167.  Definition of scalar moment.
       Cliff  Frohlich,  Cliff'Nodes  Concerning  Plotting  Nodal
       Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
       Seismological  Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan­
       uary-February, 1996
       Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace,  Modern  Global  Seismology,
       Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
       W.H.  Press,  S.A.  Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan­
       nery, Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge  University  press
       (routine jacobi)



AUTHOR

       Genevieve Patau
       CNRS UMR 7580
       Seismology Dept.
       Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
       (patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)



                            1 Feb 2002                 PSCOUPE(l)

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