1.0 - Introduction

This document began in November 2002 as a HOWTO for setting up a USB Wacom Intuos2 on Redhat 8.0. It has since grown to cover all Wacom tablets, USB and serial, running on various different Linux distributions. As of December 2002, this project has transformed into the Linux Wacom Project. Work on this document is on-going so if you find an error, have a question, or have something to add, please send an email to: linuxwacom-discuss@lists.sf.net.

1.1 - Success Stories

This page documents different distributions tested by myself or reported from the users in the discussion mailing list. If you have success stories for a distribution or version not mentioned, let me know so I can update the page.

• Redhat
  • Fedora Core 5 - tested on kernel 2.6.16 & 2.6.17, X.org 7.0.0. See Mini-Howto (It has been reported that the new kernel update, 2.6.18-1.2200.fc5, has problem with input devices. Please DO NOT update to 2.6.18-1.2200.fc5)
  • Fedora Core 4 - tested on kernel 2.6.14 & 2.6.12, X.org 6.8
  • Fedora Core 3 - tested on kernel 2.6.11-1.14_FC3 & 2.6.9, X.org 6.8 (see Building wacom driver On Fedora Core 3)
  • Fedora Core 2 final - tested on kernel 2.6.5-1.358
  • Fedora Core 2 test1 - tested on kernel 2.6.1-1
  • Fedora Core 1 - tested on kernel ???
  • Redhat 9.0 - tested on kernel 2.4.20-6, 2.4.22, 2.4.24, 2.6.0, & 2.6.2
  • Redhat 8.0 - tested on kernel 2.4.18-17.8.0, 2.4.18-18.8.0, 2.4.18-19.8.0, & 2.4.18-24.8.0
  • Redhat 7.3 - tested on kernel 2.4.18-17.7.x
  • Redhat 7.2 - tested on kernel 2.4.18-17.7.x
  • Redhat Enterprise Linux 3 - tested on kernel 2.4.21-4
  • Redhat Enterprise Linux 4 - tested on kernel 2.6.9
• Mandrake
  • Mandriva 2006 32bit december club - tested on 2.6.12-12mdksmp X.org 6.9.0
  • Mandriva 2006 (Powerpack) - tested on 2.6.12-12mdksmp X.org 6.8.99.900 (6.9.0 RC 0)
  • Mandrake 10.0 - tested on 2.6.3 and X?
  • Mandrake 9.1
  • Mandrake 9.0 - tested on ???
  • Mandrake 8.2 - tested on kernel 2.4.18-6mdk
• Gentoo
  • Gentoo 2005.0, Xorg-X11 6.8.2-r4 & 6.8.2-r1, linux-2.6.13-gentoo-r3 & linux-2.6.11-gentoo-r6
  • Gentoo 2004.2, Xorg-X11 6.7.0, linux-2.6.8-rc3-mm2
  • Gentoo 2004.1, Xorg-X11 6.7.0, kernel 2.4.25 & 2.6.5
  • Gentoo 1.4rc, XFree86 4.2.0, kernel 2.4.19
  • Gentoo 1.4, XFree86 4.3.0-r5, kernel 2.6.3 (can not run wacomcpl and xsetwacom)
• Debian
  • Debian (sid) - XFree86 4.3 on 2.6.6 (see Installing wacom driver On Debian)
  • Debian (sid) - XFree86 4.3(?) on 2.6.0 (can not run wacomcpl and xsetwacom)
  • Mepis 200310 (Debian unstable) - XFree86 4.3 on 2.4.22
  • Debian Woody - XFree86 4.2 on 2.4.20
  • Debian Stable 3.0 - XFree86 4.3 on 2.4.18 (can not run wacomcpl and xsetwacom)
  • Debian Stable - XFree86 4.1
• Slackware
  • Slackware 10.2, kernel 2.6.16.9
  • Slackware 10.2, kernel 2.4.31
  • Slackware 10.1, kernel 2.6.11-rc4 & 2.4.29, X.org 6.8.2
  • Slackware 10.0, kernel 2.4.26, X.org 6.7.0
  • Slackware 9.1, with 2.4.22
  • Slackware 9.0
  • Slackware 8.1, (standard release)
• SuSE
  • Suse Linux 9.3, kernel 2.6.11.4-21.8
  • Suse Linux 9.2 Pro, kernel 2.6.8, X.org 6.8.1 (see Building wacom driver On Suse 9.2)
  • Suse Linux 9.1, kernel 2.6.4 & 2.6.5, XFree 4.3.99 (4.4.0 RC 2)
  • Suse Linux 8.0, kernel 2.4.18, XFree 4.2
• Ubuntu
  • Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake (refer to Ubuntu Wiki - Wacom for details)
  • Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary), kernel 2.6.10-5, X.Org 6.8.2-10
  • Ubuntu Breezy, kernel 2.6.12, X.Org 6.8
• FreeBSD
  • version 4.10, serial only
• Source Mage
  • gcc 3.2.2, Linux 2.4.21-pre4-ac3, XFree86 4.2.1 and 4.3.0
• PowerMac
  • Yellow Dog Linux 3.0.1 [Redhat variant for PPC] (see Building wacom driver On PowerMac)

1.2 - How To Use This Document

In terms of document organization, if you have not figured it out already, you can browse the document one page at a time, or you can click on the ALL link and view the entire thing in one long page.

Where the guide differs between distributions or packages, I have added a comment which appears indented with a light blue background.

Also, it bears mentioning since it's a detail often missed: there are two drivers in the Linux Wacom Project- wacom.o and wacom_drv.o. The first driver is the USB kernel driver. The second driver is the XFree86 Wacom driver. Serial users need only be concerned with the wacom_drv.o driver. USB users need both. If you try to use the wacom_drv.o driver in place of the wacom.o kernel driver or visa-versa, things generally won't work.

Next, this document was written with the assumption that you are starting from scratch with a relatively recent distribution of the Linux kernel. Also, if you have already added lines to your XFree86/Xorg configuration file (XF86Config/XF86Config-4 or xorg.conf), you should comment them out and restart X. Since we'll be stepping through the entire process, we need X to ignore the tablet until we're ready. Otherwise, X will just get in the way.

Finally, if you know what you're doing, you can leave your X settings intact, print this out, switch to runlevel 3, and follow along from the console. An HTML version of this document can be found in the docs directory at docs.html.

1.3 - Wacom Driver Theory of Operation

Wacom tablets are available in serial and USB configurations. They are also sold as embedded products in certain tablet PC's. I will cover all three types, but the serial case is the most straightforward, so we'll start there.

Serial Tablet Operation - The Short Story

When a Wacom serial tablet is connected to a COM port, software can interact with it directly by opening the appropriate device, usually /dev/ttyS0. The XFree86 Wacom driver (wacom_drv.o) does precisely this, and all stylus movements are converted into XInput events for programs like the Gimp to turn into fluid brush strokes.

Wacom tablets are capable of handling a number of different data protocols, and the Linux Wacom Project code currently utilitizes two, Wacom Protocol IV and Protocol V. Each operates with a fixed-sized packet, the length of which depends on the model and ROM version.

When the serial tablet is reset, it defaults to a standard baud rate, often 9600 baud. From there, the device type can be queried, and if the tablet supports it, the baud rate increased to a higher value. Additionally, model parameters like tablet size can be queried directly to determine which features are available.

Once configured, the tablet streams data back to the application as tools are brought into and out of proximity, are pressed against the tablet surface, or are tilted or inverted.

USB Tablet Operation - The Long Story

Initially at least, the USB Wacom tablet is an HID compliant device, and when first connected to the computer, will identify itself as such. Unfortunately, this is not what you want because in this mode, you will not get any of the fancy features. The hid-core.c, mousedev.c, and usbmouse.c kernel drivers contain exceptions for the wacom; when the device is detected, they ignore the tablet. In this way, the more sophisticated wacom driver has the opportunity to assume control.

The first thing that the driver does is register itself with the USB subsystem and wait for work to do. When the user plugs the device in, or the device is first detected, the USB subsystem shops the vendor and device identifier around, checking it against different drivers. The wacom driver takes responsibility for the tablet and then notifies the event system that it will be providing data. It then asks the tablet to switch from HID-compliant mode to "mode 2", a wacom-specific protocol which allows for values like pressure, Z rotation, and tilt. As information arrives, the wacom driver dutifully converts the data into real-world values and hands it on to the event system.

From here, any usermode application can get access to the event data by opening /dev/input/event0. A stream of events including mouse movements, clicks, and proximity updates can be read from the device. Similar to the serial case, XFree86's Wacom driver (wacom_drv.o) has the ability to read this device, and performs filtering on the data before convert the Linux input events into XInput events.

By breaking the responsibility for the data into three distinct levels, the kernel code remains simple and robust, the applications generalized, and the fancy features commonly accessible to all GUI applications in the X window system itself. This document walks down the entire data path from the USB kernel driver to the gimp application.

Embedded Device Operation - Tablet PC with Wacom Digitizer

Refer to Tablet PC page for detail.

2.0 - Getting It Together

This section is devoted to preparing your system for the installation. Every distribution handles kernel modules and file locations a bit differently, so the goal here is to return everything to a known state. In some cases, your distribution may have automatically loaded certain modules which you will now need to unload. USB users will need to pay specific attention to discussions related to kernel drivers and modules. Serial tablet users have it much easier, and can bypass this. Both users will need to make changes to the XFree86 configuration file.

Incidentally, some distributions detect new hardware on boot. If you allow Redhat's "anaconda" for instance to automatically configure (or remove) your USB tablet, it may undo some of the settings you will make here. Until Redhat's installation program recognizes Wacom tablets as non-HID devices by default, you are best off in my opinion to not allow it to configure the device. Just a warning.

2.1 - Before We Start

From the beginning, let's make certain that we are on the same page. First, if you have Wacom related lines in your XF86Config/XF86Config-4 or xorg.conf files already, you should comment them out or remove them. In particular, this includes InputDevice sections with a driver set to "wacom" and their corresponding InputDevice lines in ServerLayout. When that's done, restart X.

It would be a wise idea at this time to check your XFree86 or Xorg log file for references to wacom, wcm, or tablet. If X persists in trying to interact with the tablet, things will only be problematic later. The log file is often found at /var/log/XFree86.0.log or /var/log/Xorg.0.log.

If you have a USB tablet, you need to check Wacom kernel drvier first The USB Kernel Driver. Serial tablet or Tablet PC users can go directly to the next section Downloading the Code page.

2.2 - Downloading the Code

The file linuxwacom-0.8.0.tar.bz2 is the stable package and contains files that you will need to get your serial or USB tablet working. The current beta package linuxwacom-0.7.9-11.tar.bz2 is also available and may be used by people who are willing to help test new features. I will never put a beta package on this site that I am not running myself on my primary development machine. So you can be certain that if there are any obvious show stoppers, they will be fixed before you get to see them.

Unpacking the tarball is usually a one-step process, but I show both steps in case the typical -jxf option doesn't work with tar.

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ bunzip2 linuxwacom-0.8.0.tar.bz2
[jej@ayukawa jej]$ tar -xf linuxwacom-0.8.0.tar
[jej@ayukawa jej]$ cd linuxwacom-0.8.0

If you are interested, the following tables contain the package contents and release dates. Otherwise, let's continue.

Stable files included for linuxwacom-0.8.0:

Stable Packages by Version and Date:

Beta Packages by Version and Date:

2.3 - The Root Account

If you are comfortable with the root account, paths, the /sbin directory, and programs like modprobe, you can skip this section. This is largely to clarify some things for people who are new to Linux and get tripped up with the root account and paths. This is not meant to be a tutorial, so if this is over your head, I would recommend reading a book on Linux command line usage. All examples in this document assume the bash shell.

Many of the procedures in this document need root access, and the commands that are executed are located in places on the system that are not normally accessed by typical users. In order to run the modprobe command, for instance, you must have root access. Additionally, if the /sbin directory which contains modprobe does not appear in your path, you must specify the full pathname, /sbin/modprobe, to run the command. Here is an example of the problem, followed by solutions.

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ modprobe foo
bash: modprobe: command not found
[jej@ayukawa jej]$ locate modprobe
/sbin/modprobe
[jej@ayukawa jej]$ echo $PATH
/bin:/usr/bin: ... :/home/jej/bin

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ /sbin/modprobe foo
foo.o: create_module: Operation not permitted

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ su
Password:
[root@ayukawa jej]# whoami
root

Note the change to the root account, and the additional change from $ to # on the prompt. I maintain this convention in all the examples in this document, so if you get an "access denied" error, check the prompt. You probably need to be root.

Now that we have root access, is /sbin in our path? No. We have only been granted the privileges of root; we are not really in the root account's environment. Most notably, the home directory ($HOME) changes, but the path ($PATH) stays the same. Thus, becoming root is not sufficient to run modprobe without the full pathname, but does solve the access problem.

[root@ayukawa jej]# modprobe foo
bash: modprobe: command not found
[root@ayukawa jej]# export PATH=$PATH:/sbin
[root@ayukawa jej]# modprobe foo
[root@ayukawa jej]#

In this example, the user adds the /sbin directory to the path and can run modprobe normally. export is a bash shell command that changes aspects of your environment; in this case, /sbin is appended to the path. In the highly unlikely event that you are using a different shell, which for novice users seems unwise to me, you would need to use a different command. Redhat, Mandrake, and similar distributions all use bash by default, so it is unlikely that you would be using anything else.

At any rate, changing the path is a reasonably good solution, if you can remember the syntax of the export command.

Another approach to this problem is to do more than just "be root," but to run in the root account's environment. This is accomplished with the "su -" command and provides you with root's normal path, including the /sbin directory. The unfortunate side-effect is that you wind up in root's home directory, requiring you to cd back to the original directory in which you were working.

[jej@ayukawa src]$ pwd
/home/jej/src/linuxwacom/src
[jej@ayukawa src]$ su -
[root@ayukawa root]# cd /home/jej/src/linuxwacom/src
[root@ayukawa src]# echo $PATH
/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin: ... :/root/bin

Here, the user starts in the package's src directory, but upon invoking "su -" is magically shuttled off to root's home directory. A quick cd back to the package directory and all is better. And, as demonstrated above, the path conveniently contains /sbin.

So that leaves you with two immediate options, and one potential long-term option:

Option One: Become root and add /sbin to the path.

[jej@ayukawa src]$ su
[jej@ayukawa src]# export PATH=$PATH:/sbin

[jej@ayukawa src]$ su -
[root@ayukawa root]# cd /home/jej/src/linuxwacom/src

[jej@ayukawa src]$ export PATH=$PATH:/sbin
[jej@ayukawa src]$ su
[root@ayukawa src]# echo $PATH
/bin:/usr/bin: ... :/home/jej/bin:/sbin

By adding the path early in the session, it becomes available every time you su to root later on. You could also add the export command to the .bash_profile file in your home directory and have the path set automatically when you log in.

To exit from the root account and return to your normal account, you can use the exit command or type Ctrl-D on an empty line.

[root@ayukawa src]# exit
[jej@ayukawa src]$

If any of this is not explained clearly, drop me a line and let me know where you got stuck. I'd be happy to clarify directly and update this page for future readers.

2.4 - Install from Prebuilt

We have created 2 sets of prebuilt Wacom X driver and its utility programs under linuxwacom-0.8.0/prebuilt; one for x86-32 systems, the other for x86-64 systems.

If you don't plan to change anything in the driver, following steps will install the prebuilt files for you:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ cd linuxwacom-0.8.0/prebuilt
[jej@ayukawa prebuilt]$ su
[jej@ayukawa prebuilt]# ./uninstall
[jej@ayukawa prebuilt]# ./install

Serial tablet (most Tablet PCs are serial) users can skip the rest sections and go to Using wacdump page for details on viewing the tablet output now.

If you use an older USB tablet and your running kernel was released 6 months later than your tablet was first seen in market, you most probably can skip next section of this chapter and the whole chapter 4 too. If you would like to make certain, continue to next section.

2.5 - Configuring the Package

This section describes how to configure the package. You can run the configure script now as the samples below demonstrate, or later when you reach the section of the document that explains what specifically needs to be configured and why. This page is provided largely as a reference.

By default, xidump, wacdump, xsetwacom, wacom_drv.o, and wacomcpl are built. Additional options include replacement of kernel drivers for hid, mousedev, evdev, and usbmouse as well as building the XFree86/Xorg driver from scratch. Lastly, remember that for every --enable option, there is also an equivalent --disable option.

The configuration options are listed on this page. You can also see the online list by issuing ./configure -help under linuxwacom's base directory.

Building Kernel Modules - USB Only

In order to build kernel modules, you will need the kernel source installed on your system. If you are running on Redhat or Mandrake, you can get it by installing the kernel-source RPM.

The kernel source directory is assumed to be in /usr/src/linux-2.4, /usr/src/linux, /usr/src/linux-2.6, /usr/src/linux-`uname -r`, or /lib/modules/`uname -r`/source. If your kernel sources are elsewhere, you will need to specify the directory with the --with-kernel option described below.

For older 2.6 kernels, you need to configure the kernel modules (wacom and hid) under your kernel source directory before configuring linuxwacom.

Note, for kernel 2.6.18 and later, no need to build hid any more. Refer to Testing Tablet Detection to see if you need to build hid or not.

Module Versioning - USB Only

The script attempts to discover if the kernel is using module versioning by detecting the presence of version numbers in the hid.o module of the currently active kernel. Recent package versions also check for hid.o.gz which exist on Mandrake systems. The configure script may not be able to determine if kernel module versioning should be enabled or not, in which case it will say "unknown, assuming no."

If module versioning is disabled when it should be enabled, depmod will complain about missing symbols but otherwise, things will probably work fine. If it is enabled when it should be disabled, the code may not compile, and it almost certainly will not load properly. If the configure script fails to determine the correct value, the default action of disabling module versioning is the better choice, and you can allows enable it manually and rebuild if depmod complains.

The XFree86/Xorg XInput Driver - USB and Serial

Generally, you will not need to build wacom_drv.o since it ships in binary form in the prebuilt directory. There are prebuilt binaries for XFree86 and Xorg corresponding to x86 and x86-64 systems, respectively. If no one works for you, building from source may be your only option. See the Building wacom_drv.o from Scratch page for more information.

Library Dependencies - ncurses and XLib

Various utilities in the linuxwacom package require not only specific libraries, but their development header files as well. The ncurses package is one such example. Most distributions install the ncurses libraries by default, but the header files are often located in a separate package. You will need both. On Redhat 8.0, they can be found in the ncurses-devel RPM.

Similarly, if you wish to test your tablet using xidump to view XFree86/Xorg input events, you will need the XFree86/Xorg development headers. On Redhat/Fedore Core, they are contained in the XFree86-devel/xorg-sdk package.

If any packages are missing, the configuration will warn you and disable building any programs that depend on them.

Processor Type

The processor type is determined by the script and used to build the kernel modules. If it guesses incorrectly, or you would prefer a different setting, use the --with-arch option described below.

Linux Specific Features

The Linux wacom driver uses the Linux input subsystem, as does the USB portions of the XFree86/Xorg driver. Consequently, if you are building on a non-Linux system, the USB code will not work for you. This is detected, and a comment to that effect is added to the configuration summary. I recognize that FreeBSD and similar systems have USB support; however, until someone can bridge the gap between the FreeBSD kernel and the XFree86/X.org driver, the problem is largely unsolved. Contributions are of course welcome. The Linux-specific features can be enabled/disabled using the --with-linux argument.

Configuration Options

Configuration Samples

Here is a sample output of the script on a Fedora Core 5 system:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
...
checking for arch type... i386-redhat-linux
checking for kernel type... Linux
checking for linux-based kernel... yes
checking for kernel sources... /lib/modules/2.6.20-1.2320.fc5/source
checking for kernel module support... yes
checking for kernel module versioning... yes
checking for valid Xorg SDK... ok
checking for X... libraries , headers
...
checking for X lib directory... found
checking for tclsh... /usr/bin/tclsh
checking for tcl version... 8.4
checking for tcl header files... /usr/include/
checking for tk header files... found
checking ncurses.h usability... yes
checking ncurses.h presence... yes
checking for ncurses.h... yes
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i386-redhat-linux
       linux kernel - yes 2.6.19
  module versioning - yes -DCONFIG_MODVERSIONS -DMODVERSIONS -include /lib/modules/2.6.20-1.2320.fc5/source/include/linux/modversions.h
      kernel source - yes /lib/modules/2.6.20-1.2320.fc5/source
           Xorg SDK - yes /usr/include/xorg
          XSERVER64 - no 
           dlloader - yes 
               XLib - yes /usr/lib
                TCL - yes /usr/include
                 TK - yes /usr/include
            ncurses - yes

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - no
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
       wacom_drv.so - yes /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input
        wacom_drv.o - no
  wacom*_drv quirks - libc-wrapper key-events dixScreenOrigins
----------------------------------------

If the configure script fails to find something that it is looking for, it may disable some options that you previously enabled on the command-line. If this happens, check the output for a warning like the following:

checking for valid XFree86/X.org build environment... xf86Version.h missing
Tried /usr/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86 and /usr/xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86
...
***
*** WARNING:
*** Unable to compile wacom_drv.{o,so}
*** without Xorg SDK or XFree86 build environment
*** wacom_drv.o will not be built
***

In this particular case, the X driver was enabled. The --with-x-src option was not specified. And the configure can not find the header file, xf86Version.h, under any of the predefined paths. Without the build environment, the module cannot be compiled and was consequently disabled.

The following sample command-line will build everything but wacdump while disabling module versioning. It also has a user-specified kernel source directory:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ ./configure --enable-wacom \
	--enable-hid --enable-usbmouse --enable-evdev \
	--enable-moudedev --enable-input --disable-modver \
	--with-x-src=/usr/src/redhat/BUILD/XFree86-4.2.0 \
	--with-kernel=/home/jej/src/linux \
	--disable-wacdump --with-tcl=/usr/local/ActiveTcl
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
...
checking for processor type... i686
checking for kernel module versioning... yes
checking for kernel sources... /usr/src/linux-2.4
checking for valid XFree86 build environment... ok
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.4
  module versioning - no
      kernel source - yes /home/jej/src/linux
            XFree86 - yes /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/XFree86-4.2.0
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6/lib
                TCL - yes /usr/local/ActiveTcl
                 TK - yes /usr/local/ActiveTcl
            ncurses - yes

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - yes
            wacdump - no
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - yes
         usbmouse.o - yes
            evdev.o - yes
         mousedev.o - yes
            input.o - yes
        tabletdev.o - no
       wacom_drv.so - no
        wacom_drv.o - yes
  wacom*_drv quirks - libc-wrapper key-events 
----------------------------------------

Notice that the configure script guessed module versioning was enabled by default, but was disabled by the command-line option --disable-modver. Similarly, the wacdump program which is enabled by default was also disabled. All the kernel modules and the XFree86 wacom driver are enabled.

Here is another sample from Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES v.4:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom-x86-64]$ ./configure \
		--enable-wacom --enable-hid \
		--with-xf86=/home/jej/Desktop/X11R6.8 \
		--with-tcl=/usr/local/ActiveTcl \
		--enable-xserver64 \
		--with-xlib=/usr/X11R6/lib64 
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
...
checking build system type... x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
checking for ld used by g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
...

----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - x86-64
       linux kernel - yes 2.6.9
  module versioning - yes -DCONFIG_MODVERSIONS -DMODVERSIONS -include /usr/src/linux/include/linux/modversions.h
      kernel source - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - yes /home/jej/Desktop/X11R6.8
          XSERVER64 - yes
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6/lib64
                TCL - yes /usr/local/ActiveTcl
                 TK - yes /usr/local/ActiveTcl
            ncurses - yes

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - yes
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - yes
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
       wacom_drv.so - no
        wacom_drv.o - yes
  wacom*_drv quirks - libc-wrapper key-events
----------------------------------------

3.0 - The USB Kernel Driver

Serial tablet users rejoice: you can skip this entire section. Please go to the Using wacdump page for details on viewing the tablet output. USB users stay put; we need to tweak your kernel.

Kernel modules must be recompiled for each new kernel so I can't just provide binaries. By the time you read this, my present kernel will be entirely out of date with yours.

In any event, many new features are available in the latest drivers from the Linux Wacom Project, so I wholly recommend using them over the drivers provided by your standard distribution. Rest assured, continuous efforts are being made to get these changes merged back into the Linux kernel. However, the changes can normally only merged into the next kernel release, instead of the current one.

For those who don't like upgrading kernels, here is a safe statement: if you are not using a newly released tablet model and you are running a recently released kernel version, chances are that you don't need to update your kernel driver from linuxwacom.

Note: If your system is running a 2.4 kernel and you don't have any application required to run on kernel 2.4, upgrading to version 2.6 (preferablely 2.6.18 or later) may save you the steps to update wacom kernel related modules.

3.1 - Testing Tablet Detection

In this section we will determine which driver, if any, claims control over the tablet. There are at least three drivers that are interested:
1) (usb)hid.o which may think it is an HID device,
2) usbmouse.o which may think it is an HID mouse (for kernel 2.4), and
3) the wacom driver which should identify the tablet as its own.

To see which driver is driving the tablet, issuing more /proc/bus/usb/devices should list something similiar to the following:

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$more /proc/bus/usb/devices
T:  Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=02 Dev#=  3 Spd=12  MxCh= 0
D:  Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=056a ProdID=0042 Rev= 1.15
S:  Manufacturer=Tablet
S:  Product=XD-0608-U
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=80 MxPwr=140mA
I:  If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID  ) Sub=01 Prot=02 Driver=wacom
E:  Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS=  10 Ivl=5ms

where Vendor=056a indicates a Wacom device. Driver=wacom means Wacom driver is in control of the tablet. If you see anything other than wacom after Driver=, at least hid-core.c needs to be updated.

On newer 2.6 systems, more /proc/bus/input/devices gives you

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$more /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=056a Product=0042 Version=1.15
N: Name="Wacom Intuos2 6x8"
P: Phys=usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0
H: Handlers=event3
B: EV=1f
B: KEY=1cff 0 1f00ff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B: REL=100
B: ABS=f00017b
B: MSC=1

where, again, Vendor=056a indicates a Wacom device. Name="Wacom Intuos2 6x8" means an Intuos2 6x8 tablet reported to /dev/input/event3. If there is no Wacom after Name=, you need to update wacom.c.

On kernel 2.4 or older 2.6 systems, unplug then replug your tablet after issuing tail -f /var/log/messages, you should see a flurry of activity. The exact output depends a lot on your particular kernel and distribution.

This is Redhat 8.0 (2.4.18-17.8.0):

[jej@ayukawa usb]# tail /var/log/messages
Apr 26 21:26:11 ayukawa kernel: hub.c: USB new device connect on bus2/2, assigned device number 2
Apr 26 21:26:11 ayukawa kernel: input0: Wacom Intuos2 12x12 on usb2:2.0
Apr 26 21:26:11 ayukawakernel: wacom.c: Setting tablet report for tablet data
Apr 26 21:26:11 ayukawa kernel: wacom.c: input1: Wacom Intuos2  12x12 on usb1:6.0
Apr 26 21:26:14 ayukawa /etc/hotplug/usb.agent: Setup wacom hid for USB product 56a/44/115
Apr 26 21:26:14 ayukawa /etc/hotplug/usb.agent: Setup mousedev for USB product 56a/44/115

And here it is again on Redhat 7.2 (2.4.18-17.7.x):

[jej@sasami root]# tail /var/log/messages
Apr 26 21:28:38 sasami kernel: hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2
Apr 26 21:28:38 sasami kernel: input0: Wacom Intuos2 12x12 on usb1:2.0
Apr 26 21:28:39 sasami kernel: usb.c: registered new driver hiddev
Apr 26 21:28:39 sasami kernel: usb.c: registered new driver hid
Apr 26 21:28:39 sasami kernel: hid-core.c: v1.8.1 Andreas Gal, Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
Apr 26 21:28:39 sasami kernel: hid-core.c: USB HID support drivers
Apr 26 21:28:39 sasami kernel: mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

If all went well like above, the USB device was successfully detected and handled by the wacom driver. This presumably means that information like pressure and tilt will be received on /dev/input/event0. You are ready to configure the X driver Downloading the Code.

If instead you got any of the following lines in your log, the wacom driver did not get control. Either hid or usbmouse did.

	input0,hiddev0: USB HID v1.00 Mouse [Tablet XD-1212-U] on usb1:5.0
	input0: Tablet XD-1212-U on usb1:5.0

3.2 - Updated wacom.c

The wacom.c driver that is available in linuxwacom-0.8.0.tar.bz2 supports Bamboo, which will be available in kernel version 2.6.23.

The driver also added a few new xsetwacom commands that help you change X driver settings from user space.

If you have more than one Wacom tablets plugged on the system, specify the link with product id is recommanded (refer to Testing Tablet Detection to see the ways to get your tablet's product id). Below is an example from Debian GNU/Linux distribution:

3.3 - Building wacom.c (for kernel 2.4)

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ ./configure --enable-wacom
...
checking for valid kernel source tree... ok
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.4
  module versioning - yes
             kernel - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - no
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6
                TCL - yes /usr
                 TK - yes /usr
            ncurses - yes
                GTK - 2.0.6

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - yes
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

As shown above, the kernel directory was detected and the wacom.o module will be built. If the kernel option shows "no", you will need to specify the --with-kernel option and the correct directory.

To build the driver, just run make.

The output will be a file called wacom.o. It is located in the linuxwacom package's src/2.4 directory for versions older than 2.4.22. For versions 2.4.22 or newer, it is in src/2.4.22 directory. This is your replacement driver.

3.4 - Building wacom.c (for kernel 2.6)

Then, you need to configure the package with --enable-wacom option. Here's how the configuration should generally look:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ ./configure --enable-wacom
...
checking for valid kernel source tree... ok
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.6.9
  module versioning - yes
             kernel - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - no
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6
                TCL - yes /usr
                 TK - yes /usr
            ncurses - yes
                GTK - 2.0.6

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - yes
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

As shown above, the kernel directory was detected and the wacom.o module will be built. If the kernel option shows "no", you will need to specify the --with-kernel option and the correct directory.

For those who feel comfortable to build everything from the source tree, please skip the make and install steps below. Scroll down to the end of this page to see the steps with light blue background.

To build the driver, just run make.

If everything works properly, you'll see the following from the make:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ make
...
Making all in 2.6.9
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9'
    Building linuxwacom drivers for 2.6 kernel.
make -C /usr/src/linux M=/home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9
make[4]: Entering directory `/home/jej/linux-2.6.9'
  LD      /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/built-in.o
  CC [M]  /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/wacom.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST
  CC      /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/wacom.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/wacom.ko
make[4]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9'
...

3.5 - Testing If wacom.(k)o Will Load

Before we install the wacom driver, we need to test that it will load properly. We do this by loading the driver manually. We will also need to be root to do this.

WARNING: there is a small chance that this will bomb your kernel, so we run sync to write all the stale buffers to the disk. People using ext3 have little to worry about, but it's always good to be prepared for the worst. At the very least, save your work.

[root@ayukawa linuxwacom]# sync

From the package's associated kernel directory, we unload any previous modules and load the new one. The following example is from a kernel 2.4.22 system.

For Kernel 2.6.x, replace wacom.o with wacom.ko where it is used. 

Kernel 2.6.11 and 2.6.12 are in src/2.6.11.  Kernels 2.6.15 and 2.6.17 are handled in src/2.6.16.

[root@ayukawa linuxwacom]# cd src/2.4.22
[root@ayukawa 2.4.22]# /sbin/rmmod wacom
[root@ayukawa 2.4.22]# /sbin/insmod ./wacom.o      # for those about to rock, we salute you.

Well, if you did not bomb, then good. And if you did, well, sorry. So far, we have not had any reports of this happening, so please send in yours.

Incidentally, if you run "/sbin/insmod wacom.o" and happen to be in the wrong directory, the old driver reloads, sometimes without warning. I therefore changed this to read "/sbin/insmod ./wacom.o" which seems to prevent this from happening. To be certain, you can check the log file for the correct version number.

[root@ayukawa src]# tail /var/log/messages
Apr 26 20:34:41 ayukawa kernel: usb.c: registered new driver wacom
Apr 26 20:34:41 ayukawa kernel: Reporting max 30480, 31680
Apr 26 20:34:41 ayukawa kernel: wacom.c: Setting tablet report for tablet data
Apr 26 20:34:41 ayukawa kernel: input0: Wacom Intuos2 12x12 on usb2:3.0
Apr 26 20:34:41 ayukawa kernel: wacom.c: $1.43-0.8.0 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
Apr 26 20:34:41 ayukawa kernel: wacom.c: USB Wacom Graphire and Wacom Intuos tablet driver

The important detail is the version number. A version number like "1.46" is an original kernel version and not from the linuxwacom package. The correct version should also have the -j#.# or -pc#.# portion as well. This is to help differentiate between the stock kernel driver and those available from the Linux Wacom Project.

If you get errors inserting the module, then you may need to reconfigure and build with module versioning disabled. If it loads without a hitch, move on to the next part.

3.6 - Installing wacom.(k)o

For Kernel 2.4.x, replace wacom.ko with wacom.o where it is used.

To install or not to install, that is the question. Since the driver is in memory, you can pretty much use it this way throughout the rest of this document. Anywhere you see "modprobe wacom", you'll instead need to "insmod ./wacom.ko". You'll also need to be careful that you are in the package's src directory. If you instead use the less-specific command "insmod wacom.ko" from a directory other than the package's src directory, insmod will load the driver from the kernel modules directory instead. The result is that you'll be using the wrong driver.

Why would you not install the driver? Well, for one, you may be building a driver against a wrong kernel source, and if the system crashes (you get an Oops or things come unglued in other ways), it would be nice to reboot and have the original drivers load instead.

When should I install the driver? When you're comfortable that the driver will not crash your system. If you really know what you're doing, just load the drivers manually like in the previous section Testing If wacom.(k)o Will Load.

On some distributions, Mandriva (a.k.a Mandrake) included, the wacom.ko driver that appears in the kernel modules directory appears to be compressed. If you cannot find wacom.ko using the method below, try locating wacom.ko.gz instead. People who encountered this problem were able to run gzip on the module and copy that instead.

Installing the driver requires knowing where it belongs. A little research will help here. By using the locate command, you can find all copies of the original driver on the computer.

jej@ayukawa wacom]$ locate wacom.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.17-1.2157_FC5/kernel/drivers/usb/input/wacom.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.17-1.2174_FC5/kernel/drivers/usb/input/wacom.ko

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$ uname -r
2.6.17-1.2157_FC5

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$ su -
[jej@ayukawa root]# cd /lib/modules/2.6.17-1.2157_FC5/kernel/drivers/usb/input
[jej@ayukawa usb]# cp wacom.ko /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.16/wacom_old.ko
[jej@ayukawa usb]# cp /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.16/wacom.ko wacom.ko

NOTE: Don't leave the backup copy in the same directory as the original. depmod will treat both as valid drivers, regardless of their names. Copy the original somewhere outside of the kernel module directory to ensure that this does not happen. In at least one case, the backup driver was loaded instead of the new one due to a curious dependency issue.

Finally, it is always a good thing to update the module dependencies. This is where you find out if the module was compiled without kernel module versioning. The following command, even if it generates errors is relatively benign. If it fails, then there is no harm done. It just means that you will have to load modules in the correct order since the system will not be able to guess for you.

[jej@ayukawa usb]# depmod -e

If you get no errors and no output, everything is fine, and the module was compiled, linked, and installed properly. If you received unresolved symbols like usb_set_idle or printk, then you need to reconfigure with module versioning enabled and recompile.

Here is an example from a 2.6.12 system on Mandriva.

jej@ayukawa wacom]$ locate wacom.ko.gz
/lib/modules/2.6.12-12mdksmp/kernel/drivers/usb/input/wacom.ko.gz
/lib/modules/2.6.12-12mdksmp/kernel/drivers/usb/input/wacom.ko.gz

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$ uname -r
2.6.12-12mdksmp

3.7 - Loading the wacom Driver

For Kernel 2.6.x, replace wacom.o with wacom.ko where it is used. 

If you have installed the driver, now is the time to test whether it will load when needed. If you have not installed it, but are instead using insmod, substitute insmod mydir/src/wacom.o where you see modprobe wacom below. It is important that you use the correct wacom.o file, the one you just built, since insmod may load the old driver if it cannot find the one you have specified.

[jej@ayukawa usb]# rmmod wacom
[jej@ayukawa usb]# modprobe usb-uhci      (or usb-ohci)
[jej@ayukawa usb]# modprobe input
[jej@ayukawa usb]# modprobe mousedev
[jej@ayukawa usb]# modprobe wacom         (or insmod mydir/src/wacom.o)
[jej@ayukawa usb]# modprobe evdev

Check the system log for status messages pertaining to the wacom. Here's a copy of the messages from my version of the driver.

[jej@ayukawa usb]# grep -i wacom /var/log/messages | tail
Apr 26 21:23:35 ayukawa kernel: usb.c: registered new driver wacom
Apr 26 21:23:35 ayukawa kernel: wacom.c: v1.43-0.8.0 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
Apr 26 21:23:35 ayukawa kernel: wacom.c: USB Wacom Graphire and Wacom Intuos tablet driver (MODIFIED)

The original driver was version 1.43. This version number is 1.43-0.8.0 so the correct driver was loaded.

3.8 - Building usbmouse.o, evdev.o, mousedev.o, and hid.o (for kernel 2.4)

In the linuxwacom-0.8.0.tar.bz2 file, you will find mousedev.c, usbmouse.c, hid-core.c, evdev.c, and input.c files which have special exceptions for wacom. These files are not built by default, so you will need to reconfigure the package and run make again.

If your kernel is older than 2.4.22, the modules will be built using the sources at src/2.4. If your kernel is 2.4.22 or newer, the modules will be built using the sources at src/2.4.22. input.o is only needed for kernels older than 2.4.22.

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$./configure --enable-hid --enable-usbmouse --enable-mousedev --enable-evdev --enable-input --with-kernel=your-kernel-src-dir
...
  BUILD OPTIONS:
              hid.o - yes
         usbmouse.o - yes
            evdev.o - yes
         mousedev.o - yes
            input.o - yes
...
[jej@ayukawa wacom]$ make

First off, if the code does not build, and you cannot chase the problem down yourself, send me a line. If your kernel is much older than 2.4.18, then you may have to resign yourself to the fact that the 2.4.19 drivers are not going to work for you. I would recommend upgrading your kernel.

Before installing the drivers, please backup the originals. Then, use the following steps to install the drivers into the proper directories. Use locate as you did for the wacom.o file if necessary.

For systems with kernel 2.4 and older than kernel 2.4.22:

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$su
[jej@ayukawa wacom]#cd src/2.4
[jej@ayukawa 2.4]#cp hid.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/usb
[jej@ayukawa 2.4]#cp usbmouse.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/usb
[jej@ayukawa 2.4]#cp evdev.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/input
[jej@ayukawa 2.4]#cp mousedev.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/input
[jej@ayukawa 2.4]#cp input.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/input
[jej@ayukawa 2.4]#reboot

For systems with kernel 2.4.22 or newer:

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$su
[jej@ayukawa wacom]#cd src/2.4.22
[jej@ayukawa 2.4.22]#cp hid.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/usb
[jej@ayukawa 2.4.22]#cp usbmouse.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/usb
[jej@ayukawa 2.4.22]#cp evdev.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/input
[jej@ayukawa 2.4.22]#cp mousedev.o /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/input
[jej@ayukawa 2.4.22]#reboot

3.9 - Building (usb)hid.ko (for kernel 2.6)

In the linuxwacom-0.8.0.tar.bz2 file, you will find hid-core.c, which have special exceptions for wacom. This file is not built by default, so you will need to reconfigure the package and run make again.

Note, for kernel 2.6.18 and later, no need to build hid any more. For other kernels, refer to Testing Tablet Detection to see if you need to build hid or not.

You need to configure usbhid as a module under your kernel source tree before configuring linuxwacom.

On some distributions, Mandrake or Mandriva included, the (usb)hid.ko driver that located in the kernel modules directory appears to be compressed. You need to run gzip on the module and copy (usb)hid.ko.gz instead.

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$./configure --enable-hid --with-kernel=your-kernel-src-dir
...
  BUILD OPTIONS:
              hid.o - yes
...

Kernel 2.6.11 and 2.6.12 are in src/2.6.11. Kernels 2.6.16 and 2.6.17 are handled in src/2.6.16. Kernels 2.6.18/19/20/21/22 are in src/2.6.18. All the other kernels are processed in its own src/2.6.x. New 2.6 directories will be created when compatibility issue occurs.

For those who like to build everything from the source tree, please skip the make and install steps below. Scroll down to the end of this page to see the steps with light blue background.

If everything works properly, you'll see the following from the make:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ make
...
Making all in 2.6.9
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9'
    Building linuxwacom drivers for 2.6 kernel.
make -C /usr/src/linux M=/home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9
make[4]: Entering directory `/home/jej/linux-2.6.9'
  LD      /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/built-in.o
  CC [M]  /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/hid-core.o
  CC [M]  /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/hid-input.o
  LD [M]  /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/usbhid.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST
  CC      /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/usbhid.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/jej/linuxwacom/src/2.6.9/usbhid.ko
make[4]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux'
...

Then, use the following steps to install the driver:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$su
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]#cd src/2.6.9
[jej@ayukawa 2.6.9]#cp usbhid.ko /lib/modules/your-kernel-ver/kernel/drivers/usb/input
[jej@ayukawa 2.6.9]#reboot

3.10 - Unknown Tablet?

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]# more /proc/bus/usb/devices
T:  Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=02 Dev#=  3 Spd=12  MxCh= 0
D:  Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=056a ProdID=0044 Rev= 1.15
S:  Manufacturer=Tablet
S:  Product=XD-1212-U
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=80 MxPwr=140mA
I:  If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID  ) Sub=01 Prot=02 Driver=wacom
E:  Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS=  10 Ivl=5ms

In this case, the tablet identifier is in Vendor=056a ProdID=0044. The model (Product=XD-1212-U) is determined by ProdID; the Intuos2 12x12 is 0x44 for instance.

In the wacom.c/wacom_wac.c file, you will find a table called "wacom_ids". Look for your device identifier. Only the identifiers listed are handled by the wacom driver, so if it is missing, it needs to be added. Also look for routine usb_hid_configure() in hid-core.c. At the beginning of the routine, we added the following lines to let HID driver ignore all Wacom devices:

	/* ignore all Wacom devices */
	if (dev->descriptor.idVendor == USB_VENDOR_ID_WACOM)
		return NULL;

If you've gotten this far, and still cannot get it to work, email me with your device identifier and as much of an explanation of where things did and did not work as described. I'll see what I can do about at least finding out why it did not work. Then we can go on to solutions.

The next section assumes you have things working up to this point.

3.11 - Viewing the Raw Data

View the raw data from the tablet, by returning to the /dev/input directory and streaming the data directly from the device. Be patient here because this is where a lot of people are getting stuck.

[root@ayukawa usb]# cd /dev/input
[root@ayukawa input]# xxd event0
0000000: e65d c33d 597d 0100 0100 4101 0100 0000  .].=Y}....A.....
0000010: e65d c33d 5c7d 0100 0400 0000 b701 2800  .].=\}........(.
0000020: e65d c33d d9bb 0100 0100 4101 0000 0000  .].=......A.....
0000030: e65d c33d dcbb 0100 0400 0000 b701 2800  .].=..........(.
(Ctrl-C)

First off, you have to move the mouse or tap the pen to get any output. If the tablet is mapped to event0, a continuously data stream will be displayed while you move the mouse or pen on the tablet. Second, you might not get anything at all. Don't panic. This seems to happen occasionally. If absolutely no output occurs, try event1 and event2. It is reported on Fedora Core 2 the event0 used for kernel 2.4 is represented as event2 when switching to kernel 2.6.1-1.65. If no output occurs on those ports, reload the drive:

[jej@sasami root]# /sbin/rmmod wacom
[jej@sasami root]# /sbin/modprobe wacom       (or /sbin/insmod mydir/src/wacom.o)
[jej@sasami root]# tail /var/log/messages
Apr 26 17:31:31 sasami kernel: usb.c: deregistering driver wacom
Apr 26 17:31:34 sasami kernel: usb.c: registered new driver wacom
Apr 26 17:31:35 sasami kernel: input0: Wacom Intuos2 12x12 on usb1:2.0
Apr 26 17:31:35 sasami kernel: wacom.c: v1.43-0.8.0 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>

The device driver and the tablet occassionally get out of sync with the tablet thinking it's still in HID mode when in fact it should be in "mode 2." By unloading and reloading the driver manually, the initialization code has another opportunity to get it right. Try the xxd /dev/input/event0 again. This time, it should work. If not, send me some email.

Incidentally, if you have a program running that is connected to /dev/input/event0 (like X or wacdump for instance), it is possible that the tablet will not reattach back to the same event. I have seen the wacom reattach to /dev/input/event1 when unloading and reloading the wacom driver with wacdump running for instance. So, try xxd on event1 or event2 if event0 fails.

You should also try running xxd on /dev/input/mouse0. You should get streams of data when the mouse and pen are moved around the surface of the tablet. It is this device that X will look at for mouse movement. Use Ctrl-C to exit xxd.

4.0 - Using wacdump

The wacdump program parses and displays raw data from the Linux event subsystem or serial port. It is very handy for verifying that your tablet works without having to hassle with X server. Generally, you must be root to run it unless you've set the permissions on the appropriate device such that you can read them.

Running wacdump

In the case of USB tablets, this program can run simultaneously with X, but it's best if X has not been configured for the tablet yet. X will not share the serial port with wacdump, so serial users should comment out the wacom InputDevice sections from XF86Config (or xorg.conf) before using. Alternatively, you could move your serial tablet to COM2 and try /dev/ttyS1 instead.

The command line usage of wacdump is pretty simple:

Usage: wacdump [options] device
Options:
  -h, --help               - usage
  -c, --class device_cls   - use specified class (see below)
  -f, --force device_name  - use specified device (see below)
  -l, --list               - list all supported devices
  -v, --verbose            - increase log output; multiple OK
  -V, --version            - display version number
  --logfile log_file       - output log to file

Example devices:
  /dev/input/event0        - usb tablet device
  /dev/ttyS0               - serial tablet on com1
  /dev/ttyUSB0             - serial tablet on USB adapter

Supported device classes:
  serial, usb
Supported device names:
  serial: art, art2, dig, dig2, pp, gr, pl, int, int2, c100
  usb: pp, gr, gr2, int, int2, pl, vol

Older versions of wacdump assumed the device to be /dev/input/event0. This is now deprecated. You should instead specify which device to use on the command line directly. If you get an end-of-file error or the device does not exist, then the wacom may be attached to a different event. Serial users may experience a timeout error which indicates that either the tablet is not responding or X server has it open. Access denied errors probably indicate that you are not root. If you get different types of errors, let me know so we can get them documented.

Serial users are advised that now is a good time to plug in your tablet, if you haven't already.

Let's run wacdump. Here are some command line examples:

[jej@ayukawa src]$ ./wacdump /dev/input/event0        # typical USB tablet
[jej@ayukawa src]$ ./wacdump /dev/input/event1        # USB tablet on event1

When you run wacdump, it will attempt to initialize and query the tablet. For a number of reasons, it may not display anything immediately, but if you place a mouse or pen near the surface, the screen should update. You will then be presented with a screen similar to the following:

wacdump v0.4.0
MODEL=Wacom Intuos2 12x12               ROM=1.1-5
CLS=USB  VNDR=Wacom  DEV=Intuos2  SUB=XD-1212-U

TOOLTYPE=NONE                             SERIAL=0x00000000
 IN_PROX=+00000 (+00000 .. +00000)        BUTTON=+00000 (+00000 .. +00000)
   POS_X=+00000 (+00000 .. +30480)         POS_Y=+00000 (+00000 .. +31680)
   ROT_Z=+00000 (-00900 .. +00899)      DISTANCE=+00000 (+00000 .. +00015)
PRESSURE=+00000 (+00000 .. +01023)        TILT_X=+00000 (+00000 .. +00127)
  TILT_Y=+00000 (+00000 .. +00127)      ABSWHEEL=+00000 (+00000 .. +01023)
RELWHEEL=+00000 (-00001 .. +00001)      THROTTLE=+00000 (-01023 .. +01023)

    LEFT=             MIDDLE=              RIGHT=              EXTRA=
    SIDE=              TOUCH=             STYLUS=            STYLUS2=

The top portion identifies the tablet, and unless you specifically override the device type with the -f option, it should be auto-detected from the tablet directly. In this case, the model is XD-1212-U, a USB Intuos2 12x12.

The next section describes the dynamic attributes of the tablet, including the current position of the pointer, the type of tool in proximity to the surface, its pressure, and tilt. Some tablets (Protocol V tablets, such as Intuos 1, 2, and 3 as well as Cintiq 21UX) provide serial numbers for their tools. When a button is pressed, the button heading will change to something like "STYLUS=DOWN".

Some tablet tools report wheel movements as single increments forward and reverse, while others provide absolute positions. The 4D mouse has a throttle instead of a wheel. All three cases are reported independently.

Different tablets will have different options. Here is the lowly ArtPadII for comparison.

wacdump v0.4.0
MODEL=Wacom ArtPadII 4x5                ROM=1.3-6
CLS=Serial  VNDR=Wacom  DEV=ArtPadII  SUB=KT-0405-R

TOOLTYPE=NONE                            IN_PROX=+00000 (+00000 .. +00000)
  BUTTON=+00000 (+00000 .. +00000)         POS_X=+00000 (+00000 .. +06400)
   POS_Y=+00000 (+00000 .. +04800)      PRESSURE=+00000 (+00000 .. +00255)

    LEFT=             MIDDLE=              RIGHT=              EXTRA=
    SIDE=              TOUCH=             STYLUS=            STYLUS2=

Notice that this tablet has no tilt, and the pressure range is considerably reduced. This version of wacdump does not distinguish between tablets with mice, so the left, right, and middle buttons are present, even though the tablet itself has no mouse.

5.0 - Configuring X11

5.1 - Adding the InputDevices

The X Window system identifies the stylus (tip and side switches of your pen), eraser (the other end of your pen if it is clickable), cursor (your Wacom mouse), and pad (buttons, strips and rings on your tablet if your tablet has any) as XInput devices. Most settings, such as stylus pressure level and system cursor movement mode can be done in /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file before X server starts or live through command-line xsetwacom or the simple GUI control panel wacomcpl while Wacom driver is running.

However, adding the InputDevice sections to your XF86Config/ xorg.conf file for Wacom devices is required. You should add these devices to the ServerLayout section of your XF86Config/xorg.conf file too.

We assume you are running Either XFree86 4.2 or later Or Xorg. On some distributions, this file is called XF86Config-4. Notice that the serial and USB configurations are different, so only include the appropriate lines. The default serial and USB devices are given. For Tablet PCs, options "Device" and "ForceDevice" should be included. You should also change the device (e.g. ttyS0) to the correct one for your tablet. Tablet PC and Cintiq/PL/DTF models don't support cursor type. All the new driver options are listed in the manual page below.

Section "InputDevice"
  Driver        "wacom"
  Identifier    "stylus"
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/ttyS0"          # SERIAL ONLY
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/input/event0"   # USB ONLY
  Option        "Type"          "stylus"
  Option        "USB"           "on"                  # USB ONLY
  Option        "ForceDevice"   "ISDV4"               # Tablet PC ONLY
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
  Driver        "wacom"
  Identifier    "eraser"
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/ttyS0"          # SERIAL ONLY
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/input/event0"   # USB ONLY
  Option        "Type"          "eraser"
  Option        "USB"           "on"                  # USB ONLY
  Option        "ForceDevice"   "ISDV4"               # Tablet PC ONLY
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
  Driver        "wacom"
  Identifier    "cursor"
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/ttyS0"          # SERIAL ONLY
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/input/event0"   # USB ONLY
  Option        "Type"          "cursor"
  Option        "USB"           "on"                  # USB ONLY
  Option        "ForceDevice"   "ISDV4"               # Tablet PC ONLY
EndSection

# This section is for Intuos3, CintiqV5, Graphire4, or Bamboo
Section "InputDevice"
  Driver        "wacom"
  Identifier    "pad"
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/ttyS0"          # SERIAL ONLY
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/input/event0"   # USB ONLY
  Option        "Type"          "pad"
  Option        "USB"           "on"                  # USB ONLY
EndSection

# This section is for the TabletPC that supports touch
Section "InputDevice"
  Driver        "wacom"
  Identifier    "touch"
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/ttyS0"          # SERIAL ONLY
  Option        "Device"        "/dev/input/event0"   # USB ONLY
  Option        "Type"          "touch"
  Option        "ForceDevice"   "ISDV4"               # Tablet PC ONLY
  Option        "USB"           "on"                  # USB ONLY
EndSection

The above four sections identify the stylus, eraser, cursor, touch, and pad devices to XInput. Notice that all four reference the same device /dev/ttyS0 or /dev/input/event0 depending on whether its a serial or USB tablet.

The configuration options listed by your system's man page may be way out of date. Below is an updated wacom man page which will be installed by default when you issue make install.

WACOM(4)                                                              WACOM(4)

NAME
       wacom - Wacom input driver

SYNOPSIS
       Section "InputDevice"
         Identifier "idevname"
         Driver "wacom"
         Option "Device"   "devpath"
         ...
       EndSection

DESCRIPTION
       wacom is an X input driver for Wacom devices.

       The  wacom  driver functions as a pointer input device, and may be used
       as the X server's core pointer.

SUPPORTED HARDWARE
       This driver supports the Wacom IV and Wacom V protocols. Serial tablets
       only  need  this driver.  USB tablet support is available on some Linux
       platforms.  USB tablets needs  wacom Linux  kernel driver  being loaded 
       before this  driver starts.  Please check linuxwacom.sf.net  for latest 
       updates of Wacom X and kernel drivers.

CONFIGURATION DETAILS
       Please refer to xorg.conf(5x) for general configuration details and for
       options  that can be used  with all input  drivers.  This  section only
       covers configuration details specific to this driver.

       Multiple  instances  of the Wacom devices can cohabit. It can be useful
       to define multiple devices with different  active  zones.  Each  device
       supports the following entries:

               Option "Type" "stylus"|"eraser"|"cursor"|"touch"|"pad"
                   sets the type of tool the device represents.  This option is
                   mandatory. The core options, such as "SendCoreEvents" or "AlwaysCore", 
                   are unnecessary in Gimp if you don't need to move system cursor 
                   outside of Gimp drawing area.  "pad" is for Intuos 3 and  CintiqV5 
                   ExpressKeys and menu strips, or Graphire 4 and Bamboo 
		   tablet buttons and wheel/ring.  It is required for Intuos3, 
                   CintiqV5, Graphire 4, or Bamboo if you want to use keystroke   
                   features.  "pad" is reported as a second tool in the driver. 
                   "touch" is for the tablet with touch support.  Right now only a few 
                   Tablet PCs have this feature.

               Option "Device" "path"
                   sets the path to the special file which  represents  serial
                   line  where  the tablet is plugged.  You have to specify it
                   for each subsection with the same value if you want to have
                   multiple  devices  with  the  same  tablet.  This option is
                   mandatory.

               Option "USB" "on"
                   tells the driver to dialog with the  tablet  the  USB  way.
                   This option is mandatory for USB tablets.

               Option "ForceDevice" "ISDV4"
                   tells the driver to dialog  with the  tablet the  Tablet PC
                   way.  Right now we only support serial Tablet PC.  It is a 
                   special Wacom IV protocol,  called ISDV4 protocol.  This 
		   option is mandatory for Tablet PC.

               Option "DeviceName" "name"
                   sets the name of the X device.

               Option "Suppress" "number"
                   sets  the  position  increment  under which not to transmit
                   coordinates.  This entry must  be  specified  only  in  the
                   first Wacom subsection if you have multiple devices for one
                   tablet.  The default value is 2.  If you don't specify this
                   entry or your  value is  less  than  the  default  vaule or 
                   greater than 100, the default value will be used.  To disable 
		   suppression, the entry should be specified as 0.
                   When  suppress is defined,  an event will be sent only when
                   at least one of the following conditions is met:

		   the change between the current X coordinate and the previous 
                   one is greater than suppress;

                   the change between the current Y coordinate and the previous 
                   one is greater than suppress;

                   the change between the current pressure and the previous one 
                   is greater than suppress;

                   the change  between the  current  degree of rotation and the 
                   previous one of the transducer is greater than suppress;

                   the change between the current absolute wheel value and the  
                   previous one is equal to or greater than suppress;

                   the change between the current tilt value and the previous one 
                   is equal to or greater than suppress (if tilt is supported);

                   relative wheel value has changed;

                   button value has changed;

                   proximity has changed.		   

               Option "Mode" "Relative"|"Absolute"
                   sets the mode of the device.  The default value for stylus and 
                   eraser is Absolute; cursor is Relative; pad mode is decided 
                   according to its core option due to its nature of not moving 
                   system cursor: Relative if it is a core device; Absolute, otherwise.

               Option "TopX" "number"
                   X coordinate of the top corner of the active zone. Default to 0. 

               Option "TopY" "number"
                   Y coordinate of the top corner of the active zone.  Default to 0.

               Option "BottomX" "number"
                   X coordinate of the bottom corner of the active zone.  Default 
                   to width of the tablet.

               Option "BottomY" "number"
                   Y coordinate of the bottom corner of the active zone.  Default 
                   to height of the tablet.

               Option "ButtonsOnly" "on"
                   disables the device's motion events.  Default to off.

               Option "ButtonM" "AC"
                   reports an action AC when button M is pressed,  where M
                   is one of the device supported  button numbers,  it can be 1
                   to 32. The default action reported to Xinput is mouse button M click.    
		   To ignore the button click, i.e., to not report any button click event 
		   to Xinput,  use "0" or "button 0".  

               Option "TPCButton" "on"
                   enables the  stylus  buttons as  Tablet PC  buttons,  i.e.,
                   reports  stylus button event only  when its tip is pressed. 
                   Default to  "on" for  Tablet PC;  "off"  for all other models.

               Option "Speed" "Rspeed"
                   sets the cursor's  relative  movement speed to Rspeed.  The
                   default value is 1.0.  A Rspeed greater than 1.0 will speed
                   up the cursor's  relative movement.  A Rspeed less than 1.0 
                   but greater  than 0 will slow  down the  cursor's  relative 
                   movement. A Rspeed too close to 0 is not recommanded.

               Option "Twinview" "horizontal"|"vertical"|"none"
                   sets the  orientation of  TwinView to map the tablet to one 
                   screen  and to be able to  move the screen  cursor from one 
		   screen  to the  other  when tool  reaches  the  edge of the
		   tablet.  The cursor can be constrained in a specific screen 
                   if  "ScreenNo"  option is  added.   If you  want to map the
                   tablet  to the  whole  desktop,   you  should  NOT add this
                   option.  The default is "none".

               Option "TVResolution" "res1,res2"
                   specifies  different  resolutions  for the  two  screens in
                   TwinView setup.  For example, if the resolution of screen 1
                   (res1) is 1024x768 and screen 2 (res2) is 1280x1024, the 
                   option will be set to:
                            Option "TVResolution" "1024x768,1280x1024"

                   This option is used  only when TwinView option is not none.  
		   It is  unnecessary to add this  option if  your screens are 
                   displaying in the same resolutions.

               Option "ScreenNo" "n"
                   In a multi-monitor environment, specifies the screen number
                   in which the cursor can move.

               Option "Rotate" "CW"|"CCW"|"HALF"|"NONE"
                   rotates the tablet orientation clockwise (CCW) or anti-
                   clockwise (CW) or 180 degrees (HALF). The default is "NONE".

               Option "PressCurve" "x1,y1,x2,y2"
                   sets pressure curve by control  points  x1, y1, x2, and y2.
                   Their values are in range from 0..100. The input for 

                         linear curve (default) is "0,0,100,100";
                         slightly depressed curve (firmer) might be "5,0,100,95";
                         slightly raised curve (softer) might be "0,5,95,100".

               Option "KeepShape" "on"
                   When  this  option  is  enabled,  the  active  zone  begins
                   according to TopX and TopY.  The bottom corner is  adjusted 
                   to  keep the ratio width/height of the active zone the same 
                   as the screen while maximizing the area  described by TopX, 
                   TopY, BottomX, BottomY.

               Option "DebugLevel" "number"
                   sets the level of debugging info reported for the  defined 
                   device. There are 12 levels in use, specified by the  integers  
                   between 1 and 12. Once it is defined, all the debug  messages  
                   with a level less than or equal to the "number" will be logged  
                   into /etc/X11/XFree86.0.log or /etc/X11/Xorg.0.log.

               Option "CommonDBG" "number"
                   sets the level of debugging info for all devices defined for the  
                   same tablet. There are 12 levels in use, specified by the 
                   integers between 1 and 12. Once it is defined, all the debug 
                   messages with a level less than or equal to the "number" will 
                   be logged into /etc/X11/XFree86.0.log or /etc/X11/Xorg.0.log.

               Option "CursorProx" "number"
                   sets the max distance from tablet to stop reporting  movement 
                   for cursor in relative mode.  Default for Intuos  series 
                   is 10,  Graphire series (including Volitos) is 42.

               Option "Serial" "number"
                   sets the serial number associated with the physical device.
                   This allows to have multiple devices of the same type (i.e.
                   multiple pens). This option is only available  on  wacom  V
                   devices (Intuos series and Cintiq 21UX). To see the serial 
                   number associated with a device, run xsetwacom.

               Option "Threshold" "number"
                   sets  the  pressure  threshold  used to generate a button 1
                   events of stylus. The default is MaxPressure*3/50.

SEE ALSO
       Xorg(1x), xorg.conf(5x), xorgconfig(1x), Xserver(1x), X(7).

AUTHORS
       Frederic Lepied <lepied@xfree86.org>, Ping  Cheng <pingc@wacom.com>,
       John E. Joganic <jej@j‐arkadia.com>, Magnus Vigerlöf <Magnus.Vigerlof@ipbo.se>

X Version 11                      linuxwacom 0.8.0                     WACOM(4)

5.2 - Mouse1 (for all kernel 2.4 systems and some 2.6 systems)

This section largely deals with interaction problems between the mouse1 device, PS/2 mouse, and USB tablets. Serial users can ignore this part.

If you have a USB mouse or PS/2 mouse and are also using a USB tablet, there are two solutions here for you: you may either change your mouse1 or PS/2 InputDevice section to something other than /dev/input/mice or build mousedev.o from this project for your kernel, which will ignore Wacom tablets as USB mice. The wacom tablet appears as a mouse to the Linux kernel, and consequently, the "mice" device combines the input from all your mice, including the tablet. This will not give you the behavior you want. A better choice is to specify the precise USB device or PS/2 mouse from which you want to receive mouse events, namely /dev/input/mouse0 or /dev/input/mouse1 or /dev/psaux.

If you do not have a USB mouse, adding the Mouse1 device is probably not something you want to do. Despite this, Redhat's Anaconda program will do it for you if you boot the machine with the tablet plugged in. You'll need to be careful about this.

When you use the mouse1 input device, the data flows from the USB wacom kernel driver, through the event subsystem, down into the mousedev driver, out the /dev/input/mouse0 device, and finally into the XInput mouse driver. You effectively lose all your absolute positioning information because the mousedev driver converts it into relative data. Additionally, the XFree86 wacom driver does not get control of the cursor because mouse1 is providing those events.

Therefore, if you have a Mouse1 section, leave it. Redhat 8.0 at least, expects it to be there; however, if you do not have a USB mouse and you are using a USB tablet, you will not be using this section, so make certain that it is commented out of the ServerLayout section covered next.

There is one exception however. If you have no other mouse device in your ServerLayout section, do not remove Mouse1. XFree86 will not start without at least one core pointer, and the tablet does not count unless it is specifically identified as a "CorePointer" rather than merely "SendCoreEvents."

5.3 - ServerLayout

The ServerLayout section describes what devices the X server will use. Modify the ServerLayout section to reflect the new devices. Make certain to comment out the Mouse1 device if determined necessary from the previous page.

Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier     "Default Layout"
        Screen 0 "Screen0"   0 0
        InputDevice    "Mouse0"    "CorePointer"
        InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
        InputDevice    "stylus"    "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice    "eraser"    "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice    "cursor"    "SendCoreEvents"    # For non-LCD tablets only
	InputDevice    "touch"     "SendCoreEvents"    # Only a few TabletPCs support this type
        InputDevice    "pad"   # For Intuos3/CintiqV5/Graphire4/Bamboo tablets
EndSection

This section determines which devices are actually used by the server. In the case above, the cursor, stylus, eraser, touch, and pad devices are selected. At present, this is the correct configuration for proper operation of the tablet whether you are using the beta package or the production package.

You can configure one of your Wacom devices as a Core Pointer if you don't have a regular mouse on your system. However, you lose the Wacom specific functions, such as pressure sensitivity and absolute mode when you use that device.

You have completed the XF86Config/xorg.conf file changes. But aware that if you reboot your computer with the Wacom plugged in and Redhat's Anaconda program notices, it may treat the tablet as a USB mouse and reconfigure this file incorrectly. You may need to go back and check the file to ensure that everything is still correct afterwards. Rebooting with the device detached is not recommended since X server doesn't properly support hotplugging yet. My recommendation is to tell Anaconda to ignore the tablet until the device detection works properly.

5.4 - Restart X

Finally, restart X. You may wish to do this from runlevel 3 for testing purposes.

[root@ayukawa root]# init 3
...processes starting and stopping...
[root@ayukawa root]# startx

[root@ayukawa root]# grep -i wacom /var/log/XFree86.0.log
(II) LoadModule: "wacom"
(II) Loading /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/input/wacom_drv.o
(II) Module wacom: vendor="The XFree86 Project"
(II) Wacom driver level: 47-0.8.0 $
(II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "eraser" (type: Wacom Eraser)
(II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "stylus" (type: Wacom Stylus)
(II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "cursor" (type: Wacom Cursor)
(==) Wacom Kernel Input device name: "Wacom Intuos2 12x12"
(==) Wacom tablet maximum X=30480 maximum Y=30480 X resolution=0 Y resolution=0
suppress=0
(==) Wacom Cursor top X=0 top Y=0 bottom X=30480 bottom Y=30480
(==) Wacom Stylus top X=0 top Y=0 bottom X=30480 bottom Y=30480
(==) Wacom Eraser top X=0 top Y=0 bottom X=30480 bottom Y=30480

First things first, you should lift the mouse off the tablet and place it back down. This seems to help reset things internally. When you replace the mouse, the cursor should jump to that portion of the screen. If everything is working correctly, the mouse should work in absolute mode with the four corners of the tablet corresponding with the four corners of the screen. If the cursor stops short of an edge, then the kernel driver limits are probably incorrect. Please let me know so that I can update the driver.

Next, remove the mouse and try using the eraser end of the stylus. Hovering over the surface of the tablet should move the cursor. Touching the eraser tip to the surface should generate a click. If you invert the pen and use the stylus tip, you should get a similar result. If the pen tip generates spurious touch events, you will need to increase the threshold value in the InputDevice section. Wacdump is useful for determining the appropriate value.

Lastly, if you would like more logging, the parameter "DebugLevel" (for individual tools) and "CommonDBG" (for all tools associated with the same tablet) can be set to values between 1 and 12, with 12 being way too much, and 1 being fairly useful.

If X server failed to start and you are running the prebuilt wacom_drv.(s)o, you may have to go back to Configuring the Package page to build the driver on your system.

5.5 - Check the Pointer Status

You can check the XInput pointer status by using xsetpointer as below. The man page states that calling xsetpointer with the name of a particular device will set it as the primary pointing device.

[root@ayukawa log]# xsetpointer -l
"eraser"        [XExtensionDevice]
"stylus"        [XExtensionDevice]
"cursor"        [XExtensionDevice]
"Mouse0"        [XPointer]
"keyboard"      [XKeyboard]

6.0 - Using xidump

The xidump program is similar to wacdump, but it parses and displays event data from the XFree86 XInput extension rather than from the tablet itself. This is useful for seeing what programs like gimp and gsumi are receiving from X.

Presently, xidump will display proximity and motion events for the stylus, cursor, eraser, and pad input devices. xidump supports different display modes with "curses" and "raw" modes already implemented and a GTK-based graphical mode in the works. The curses mode is probably the most useful in terms of verifying that the tablet is functioning correctly in the XFree environment; however, the raw mode has the additional benefit of being able to verify the order, timing, and history of events.

Since xidump uses the same XInput interface that gimp and gsumi use to get tablet data, the values displayed in xidump should be identical to what they are receiving. If you are having trouble with pressure in gimp, chances are that xidump will demonstrate the same problem. xidump does not require root access to use.

Running xidump

xidump takes one argument, the input device specified in your XF86Config file. Ordinarily, this would be either stylus, cursor, or eraser, but you can get a complete list by running xidump with the list option '-l'. xidump has the additional feature of dumping all the device capabilities by specifying the verbose option '-v'. Both are demonstrated below.

[jej@ayukawa src]$ ./xidump -l
eraser                         extension
stylus                         extension
cursor                         extension
Mouse0                         disabled
keyboard                       keyboard

[jej@ayukawa src]$ ./xidump -l -v eraser
eraser                         extension
    key: min=8, max=39, num=32
    btn: num=1
    val: axes=6 mode=abs buf=0
    axis[0]: res=2540, min=0, max=30480
    axis[1]: res=2540, min=0, max=30480
    axis[2]: res=1, min=0, max=1023
    axis[3]: res=1, min=-64, max=63
    axis[4]: res=1, min=-64, max=63
    axis[5]: res=1, min=0, max=1023

In the first dump, we see the eraser, stylus, and cursor with the additional Mouse0 pointer and keyboard. Only the first three are "extension" devices. Using xidump on the keyboard or mouse pointer will generate an error since neither are XInput devices.

The second dump shows the capabilities of the eraser device including the number of keys (32), buttons (1), and axes (6). It also shows the mode to be absolute. In order, the axes are: x, y, pressure, tilt-x, tilt-y, and wheel. When the cursor is used, axis 3 becomes z-rotation instead of tilt-x.

You should be aware that xidump and gimp must take ownership of the device in order to get real-time data. This creates a conflict if you are running both of them simultaneously. gimp is the more clever of the two programs in that it only "grabs" the input device if you are hovering over the gimp drawing window. xidump is less friendly. In order to display the absolute position across the entire screen, it creates a small "listening window," grabs the device immediately, and does not release it until you quit the program. Neither program should fail, but you will not be able to draw in gimp and run xidump at the same time if they are both using the same input device.

We will run xidump in raw mode for the first time to see the stylus events directly. A small window will appear on the desktop while xidump runs; you can safely ignore it. Closing it will kill the application.

[jej@ayukawa src]$ ./xidump -u raw stylus
14.56291895: Proximity In
14.56305595: Motion: x= +5978 y=+28728 p=   0 tx= +64 ty= +64 w=   +0 ID: 2323 Serial:         -60
...
16.87158095: Motion: x= +4941 y=+27842 p= 225 tx= +41 ty= +67 w=   +0 ID: 2323 Serial:         -60
16.87164395: Button: 1 DOWN
16.87169595: Motion: x= +4964 y=+27844 p= 398 tx= +42 ty= +66 w=   +0 ID: 2323 Serial:         -60
...
17.27328395: Motion: x= +5261 y=+27543 p=   3 tx= +48 ty= +64 w=   +0 ID: 2323 Serial:         -60
17.27334395: Button: 1 UP
17.27515995: Motion: x= +5348 y=+27451 p=   4 tx= +48 ty= +63 w=   +0 ID: 2323 Serial:         -60
...
17.35933795: Motion: x= +7089 y=+27061 p=   4 tx= +48 ty= +63 w=   +0 ID: 2323 Serial:         -60
17.37444395: Proximity Out
<Ctrl-C>

The timestamp on the left is seconds elapsed; the next field is the event type. Mostly, you will encounter motion events although I've trimmed many of them out of this listing. As you can see from the above, the first line is a "proximity in" event which indicates the stylus came in range of the tablet. The last event was a "proximity out." At 16.87 seconds, I tapped the stylus to the tablet surface as recorded by the "Button: 1 DOWN" and subsequent "UP" message. Raw mode is useful for verifying the order and timing of messages, but is not particularly clean. The ncurses mode works much better.

[jej@ayukawa src]$ ./xidump stylus
InputDevice: stylus
Valuators: Absolute   ID:      2323  Serial Number:          -60

             x-axis    y-axis   pressure   x-tilt    y-tilt     wheel
     data:  +10826    +09919    +00084    +00058    +00065    +00000
      min:  +00000    +00000    +00000    -00064    -00064    +00000
      max:  +30480    +30480    +01023    +00063    +00063    +01023
      res:  +00000    +00000    +00039    +00001    +00001    +00001

********
Proximity:  IN
    Focus:
  Buttons:  1-DOWN
     Keys:

All of the ranges are displayed above, include their resolutions which as far as I know are not normally used. Only the proximity, focus, valuator, and button events are currently implemented.

For completeness sake, here are the command line options:

Usage: xidump [options] input_device
  -h, --help          - usage
  -v, --verbose       - verbose
  -V, --version       - version
  -l, --list          - list available input devices
  -u, --ui ui_type    - use specified ui, see below

Use --list option for input_device choices
UI types: curses, raw

There are not many options, but the --list option is helpful for identifying devices, and the --ui option allows you to switch between curses and raw modes. Adding the --verbose option increases the amount of output, and when used in conjunction with --list, displays the device capabilities.

7.0 - Tablet PC

The Wacom digitizers embedded in Tablet PCs utilitizes a special protocol IV, ISDV4. Most of them are serial tablets. There are a few Wacom USB tablet PC OEMs on the market recently. However, we don't support USB tablet PC yet. This page is for serial Tablet PC only.

Similar to the conventional serial tablets, serial tablet PCs use a serial controller (UART). But, normally, they are not set to any serial ports. They are effectively serial devices, but require special configuration (setserial) under Linux.

Here is a sample command. The IO port may be different for your Tablet PC.

[jej@ayukawa src]$ setserial /dev/ttyS2 port 0x93f8 autoconfig 

This command needs to be excuted with each reboot before X server starts.

You can add the command into one of your favorite start script. I normally add it into /etc/rc.d/rc.local. Here is my rc.local:

#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
setserial /dev/ttyS2 port 0x93f8 autoconfig 

After installing wacom_drv.o and other programs, such as wacomcpl and wacdump, restart X server. Now you can view raw tablet data by:

[jej@ayukawa util]$ ./wacdump -f tpc /dev/ttyS2       # Wacom digitizer on fake COM3


If your wacdump is from linuxwacom version 0.7.5 or older, issue
[jej@ayukawa util]$ ./wacdump -f c100 /dev/ttyS2

If everything looks right from wacdump (see Using wacdump), you can update /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/xorg.conf to load wacom X driver (see Configuring XFree86/X11R6).

Please notice that in Wacom InputDevice section, the following 2 options are required for Tablet PC:

  Option        "Device"        "/dev/ttyS2"          # SERIAL ONLY
  Option        "ForceDevice"   "ISDV4"               # Tablet PC ONLY

Refer to Adding the InputDevices for details.

Some HP Tablet PCs require you explicitly run the following program before setserial. This is due to the fact that Wacom Digitizer on HP Tablet PCs are not mapped to any serial port by default.

Please compile tc1100ts.c as mentioned below and copy the executable (tc1100ts) to /usr/sbin. Then add the following two lines to the end of your /etc/rc.d/rc.local:

/usr/sbin/tc1100ts

setserial /dev/ttyS2 port 0x03e8 autoconfig

Mapping Wacom Digitizer to /dev/ttyS2 for HP Tablet PC


/*
 * HP TC1100 Touchscreen Enable
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Hewlett-Packard Co.
 *
 * Compile with `cc -O2 -o tc1100ts tc1100ts.c',
 * and run as root with `./tc1100ts'.
 *
 * This standalone program enables the Serial Port 1
 * (SP1) of the NS LPC Super I/O, where the Wacom
 * Digitizer is connected to on the HP TC1100 Tablet PC.
 *
 * The serial device is mapped to 0x3e8 IRQ0-4 to match
 * the default /dev/ttyS2 port and IRQ mapping on Linux.
 *
 * To proof that the Wacom Digitizer is enabled by this
 * standalone, do the following:
 * - Change to superuser mode, i.e. root
 * - setserial /dev/ttyS2
 *   it should return:
 *   /dev/ttyS2, UART: unknown, Port: 0x03e8, IRQ: 4
 * - ./tc1100ts
 * - setserial /dev/ttyS2 autoconfig
 * - setserial /dev/ttyS2
 *   now returns:
 *   /dev/ttyS2, UART: 16550A, Port: 0x03e8, IRQ: 4
 *
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

const int cfgindex = 0x4e;
const int cfgdata  = 0x4f;

#define wsio(i,d)  {outb(i,cfgindex); outb(d,cfgdata);}

int main()
{
  /* Get access to the ports */
  if (iopl(3)) {perror("iopl"); exit(1);}

  // See the SuperIO Specificatio for details of each register
  wsio(0x07,0x03); // Select Logical Device - Serial Port 1
  wsio(0x30,0x00); // De-activate Logical Device
  wsio(0x60,0x03); // I/O Port Base [15-08]
  wsio(0x61,0xe8); // I/O Port Base [07-00]
  wsio(0x70,0x14); // Enables Wake-up on IRQ4
  wsio(0x71,0x03); // Level IRQ Req, Hi priority
  wsio(0x74,0x04); // DMA Channel Select 0 - no DMA
  wsio(0x75,0x04); // DMA Channel Select 1 - no DMA
  wsio(0x30,0x01); // Activate Logical Device
 
  /* We don't need the ports anymore */
  if (iopl(0)) {perror("iopl"); exit(1);}

  exit(0);
}

/* end of tc1100ts.c */

8.0 - Using wacomcpl

wacomcpl is a simple graphic Wacom driver configuration tool. It changes the pressure sensitivity, click threshold, button functions, cursor mode, speed, mapping, etc. without having to manually modify XF86Config/xorg.conf file. For Cintiq and Tablet PC users, it is also a tool to calibrate the tablet. wacomcpl should be launched when you login as yourself since .xinitrc, a file under your home directory, will be updated locally each time you run wacomcpl. The .xinitrc stores the preferences you selected through wacomcpl for your next login. The goal is to give each user a chance to use his/her own preference on a shared system.

Running wacomcpl

If wacom_drv.(s)o was running while installing wacomcpl, wacomcpl can be launched immediately after make install and exit.

If wacom_drv.(s)o is installed by the same make install as wacomcpl is, restarting X server is required to use the newly built wacom_drv.(s)o. We strongly recommand to build and install the wacom_drv.(s)o and wacomcpl from the same release package since the out of sync wacom_drv.(s)o and wacomcpl may crash your X server.

9.0 - Using xsetwacom

The xsetwacom is a command-line Wacom driver configuration tool. It changes the pressure sensitivity, click threshold, button functions, cursor mode and speed, and much more without having to manually modify XF86Config or xorg.conf file.

The basic usage and options can be viewed by issuing xsetwacom

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom
Usage: xsetwacom [options] [command [arguments...]]
Options:
  -h, --help                 - usage
  -v, --verbose              - verbose output
  -V, --version              - version info
  -d, --display disp_name    - override default display
  -s, --shell                - generate shell commands for 'get'
  -x, --xconf                - generate X.conf lines for 'get'

Commands:
  list [dev|param]       - display known devices, parameters
  list mod                   - display supported modifier and specific keys for keystokes
  set dev_name param [values...]   - set device parameter by name
  get dev_name param [param...] - get current device parameter(s) value by name
  getdefault dev_name param [param...] - get device parameter(s) default value by name

xsetwacom supports 3 forms of get/getdefault commands: xsetwacom get returns the parameter's raw value; xsetwacom -x get returns the value in Xorg.conf form; and xsetwacom -s get returns the value in shell command form.

The most used xsetwacom command is xsetwacom set dev_name param [values...], where param is an option which will be set to values in wacom_drv.o after excuting xsetwacom. To better understand the use of this command, let's see some examples. Assume that you use Stylus as your Wacom tool's Identifier, which is considered as dev_name in xsetwacom command.

If you want to change Stylus's mode from absolute (default) to relative, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus mode relative

If you want to change button 2 to left-double-click, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus button2 "dblclick 1"

If you want to change button 2 to button 5, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus Button2 "button 5"
or 
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus Button2 5

If you want to change button 3 to ModeToggle, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus button3 modetoggle

If you want to know what the current (or default) pressure sensitivity setting is, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom -s get Stylus PressCurve (output in xsetwacom format)
xsetwacom set stylus PressCurve "0 15 85 100"
or
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom -x get Stylus PressCurve (output in xorg.conf Option format)
        Option  "PressCurve"    "0,15,85,100"

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom -x getdefault Stylus PressCurve 
        Option  "PressCurve"    "0,0,100,100"

If you want to set the pressure sensitivity a bit softer, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus PressCurve 0 15 85 100

If you want the buttons behave the Tablet PC way, i.e., sending button event only when button1 (the tip) is pressed, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set Stylus TPCButton on

If you want to change pad's button 1 to ctrl alt F2, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set pad Button1 "core key ctrl alt F2"

If you want to change pad's button 2 to ctrl alt backspace, then:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$xsetwacom set pad Button2 "core key ctrl alt backspace"

xsetwacom supported parameters

Below is a list of the parameters and their values used by xsetwacom command (a similar output can be viewed by xsetwacom list param. All functions apply to the associated tool unless explicitly stated otherwise):

   param         [values...]              results
------------------------------------------------------------------
   Mode          Relative|Absolute        sets the mode of the device
   TopX          integer                  sets the X coordinate of the top corner of the active zone
   TopY          integer                  sets the Y coordinate of the top corner of the active zone
   BottomX       integer                  sets the X coordinate of the bottom corner of the active zone
   BottomY       integer                  sets the Y coordinate of the bottom corner of the active zone
   STopXi        integer                  returns screen i left coordinate in pixels
   STopYi        integer                  returns screen i top coordinate in pixels
   SBottomXi     integer                  returns screen i right coordinate in pixels
   SBottomYi     integer                  returns screen i bottom coordinate in pixels
   ButtonM       integer|keystroke        sets button M to button integer click or keystroke
   ButtonM       0                        ignores button M click
   RelWUp        integer|keystroke        sets relative wheel up to button click or keystroke
   RelWDn        integer|keystroke        sets relative wheel down to button click or keystroke
   AbsWUp        integer|keystroke        sets absolute wheel up to button click or keystroke
   AbsWDn        integer|keystroke        sets absolute wheel down to button click
   StripLUp      integer|keystroke        sets left strip up to button click or keystroke
   StripLDn      integer|keystroke        sets left strip down to button click or keystroke
   StripRUp      integer|keystroke        sets right strip up to button click or keystroke
   StripRDn      integer|keystroke        sets right strip down to button click or keystroke
   PressCurve    i1 i2 i3 i4              sets the pressure bezier curve, where i1+i4=100; i2+i3=100
   DebugLevel    integer (0 - 12)         sets the level of debugging trace for the specified tool
   CommonDBG     integer (0 - 12)         sets the level of debugging trace for all tools 
				          associated with the same tablet.
   Suppress      integer (0 - 100)        number of data trimmed for the tools associated 
					  with the same tablet.
   Screen_No     integer (-1 - 5)         sets screen number the tablet is mapped to.
   TwinView      none|vertical|horizontal sets the mapping to TwinView.
   TVResolution0 width x height           sets MetaModes option for TwinView Screen 0.
   TVResolution1 width x height           sets MetaModes option for TwinView Screen 1.
   SpeedLevel    integer (1 - 11)         sets relative cursor movement speed
   ClickForce    integer (1 - 21)         sets tip/eraser pressure threshold
   xyDefault                              resets the bounding coordinates to default in tablet units
   mmonitor      on|off                   turns on/off across monitor movement on (non-TwinView) 
				          multi-monitor desktop
   TPCButton     on|off                   turns on/off the buttons as Tablet PC buttons
   CursorProx    integer (distance)       sets cursor distance margin for proximity-out 
				          in distance from the tablet surface
   Rotate        none|cw|ccw|half         sets the rotation of the tablet. 
   ToolID           	                  returns the ID of the associated device.
   ToolSerial       	                  returns the serial number of the associated device.
   GetTabletID/TabletID     	          returns the tablet ID of the associated device.
   NumScreen             	          returns number of screens configured for the desktop.
------------------------------------------------------------------

Event description format:
[CORE] [EVENT TYPE] [MODIFIERS] [CODE]
  CORE: Emit core events irrespective of the SendCoreEvents setting
  EVENT TYPE: the type of event to emit:
        KEY: Emit a key event
        BUTTON: Emit a button event
        DBLCLICK: Emit a double-click button event
        MODETOGGLE: Toggle absolute/relative tablet mode
	DISPLAYTOGGLE: Toggle cursor movement among screens
		for the selected tool except pad which
		applies to all tools asssociated with the tablet
  MODIFIERS: use "xsetwacom list mod"
        to see a list of modifiers and specific keys
  CODE: Button number if emit a button event
        or specific keys and any other keys not listed as mod

Associating parameters to physical devices

Following is a list of the parameters that are associated with the elements of devcies.

   param		tools
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Button#			All Wacom styli/pucks buttons 
			Tablet ExpressKeys
RelWUp/RelWDn		Graphire4 tablet wheel 
			Wacom puck Fingerwheel
AbsWUp/AbsWDn		Intuos puck Thumbwheel
			Intuos Airbrush Fingerwheel
			Bamboo tabelt Touch Ring
StripLUp/StripLUp	Left Touch Strip on Intuos3 and V5 Cintiq (Cintiq 21UX/12WX/20WSX) tablets
StripRUp/StripRUp	Right Touch Strip on Intuos3 and V5 Cintiq (Cintiq 21UX/12WX/20WSX) tablets
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Automatically excuting predefined xsetwacom commands at logging in

The xsetwacom commands can be added to the .xinitrc under your home directory so next time when you login as yourself, the driver will be set to the options you choose.

Below is an example of my .xinitrc:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ more .xinitrc
xsetwacom set Stylus0 TopX 10
xsetwacom set Stylus0 TopY 67
xsetwacom set Stylus0 BottomX 7170
xsetwacom set Stylus0 BottomY 5778
xsetwacom set Stylus0 TPCButton 1
# run the primary system script
. /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

More examples

If you are confused with the usages above, let's see some more confusing examples.

1. Usage of keystroke and modifiers

keystroke and modifiers can be used through buttons, ExpressKeys, wheels, Touch Strips, and Touch Ring. A list of supported modifiers and special keys can be viewed through xsetwacom list mod. Special keys are symbols that go together to represent one XInput key event.

In the following example, Up represents the up arrow key:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set cursor button4 "key core Up"   

When you press button4 on your Wacom puck, Xinput will receive an up arrow event.

If you want to send the Up keystroke, the universal escape character \ has to be used:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set cursor button4 "key core \Up"   

If you press button4 on your Wacom puck, Xinput will receive an U and a p events, i.e., Up would be displayed on your active console or application.

Sending down arrow event when button5 is pressed:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set cursor button5 "key core Down"  

Sending PageUp event when tablet wheel scrolls up:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set pad RelWUp "key core pgup"   

Sending PageDown event when tablet wheel scrolls down:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set pad RelWDn "key core pgdn"   

The same functions work for parameters AbsWUp, AbsWDn, StripLUp, StripLDn, StripRUp, and StripRDn.

2. Changing debug level while driver is running

xsetwacom supports 2 ways of enabling/disabling debugging information, for individual device and/or for all tools associated with the same tablet, through parameters DebugLevel and CommonDBG. For example,

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set cursor DebugLevel 10

Turns debugger on to level 10 for device "cursor" only. Other devices will not report information to Xorg.0.log file.

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom set cursor CommonDBG 3

Turns debugger on to level 3 for all devices associated with the same tablet as "cursor" does. But only common debug information will be reported.

3. Configuring TwinView setup while system running

TwinView parameter sets the mapping of TwinView to horizontal/vertical/none. The current TwinView setup can be retrieved by the corresponding get command. For example:

[jej@ayukawa jej]$ xsetwacom -x get cursor TwinView
        Option  "TwinView"      "none"
[jej@ayukawa jej]$ 

Two other parameters, TVResolution0 and TVResolution1, made the change of MetaModes option in TwinView setup possible when system is running. TVResolution0 sets MetaModes option for TwinView Screen 0, while TVResolution1 sets MetaModes option for TwinView Screen 1. However, you need to make sure that the MetaModes you are going to set is the same as the TwinView setup in your xorg.conf for Nvidia Graphic card driver.

4. Changing Suppress and RawSample to filter the raw data

Use of Suppress will reduce the number of raw data we process in the driver. So, unless you know what you are doing, changing Suppress is not recommended. Valid values for Suppress is 0 to 100, where 0 means raw data is used as is. Suppress less than 101 means data will be used only when its change compared to the last processed event is larger than Suppress in points. Default is 2.

RawSample was originally introduced to smooth x/y coordinates to a certain degree. A four-points averaging was tested and convinced to be effective. In 0.7.8, we made RawSample changeable through xsetwacom. However, same as with Suppress, changing RawSample is not recommended. The maximum value can be as large as 20. But the default stays at 4.

Both Suppress and RawSample apply to the devices on the same tablet, that is, it is global to all devices associated with the same tablet.

10.0 - Working With Gimp

Bring up gimp and select "File -> Dialogs -> Input Devices" if using 1.x or "File -> Preferences -> Input Devices -> Configure Extended Input Devices" if using 2.x. You will see a drop-down list with all devices present. After enabling them, you can see their respective statuses by calling up "File -> Dialogs -> Device Status". It has been recommended that the devices be set to "Screen" mode rather than "Window".

I have successfully been able to use gimp with several different pens, including the tips and erasers. Tilt does not appear to be used by gimp at present, but pressure works fine. If the pressure is too coarse, or doesn't kick in until too late, you may need to lower your threshold value. The pressure curve setting can be changed through graphic tool, wacomcpl, and command line tool, xsetwacom.

Also, a useability note with Gimp: Each input device (stylus,cursor,eraser) has a completely different set of attributes in Gimp, and in theory, you can even assign a unique serial number to different pens to get even more granularity. You will experience this when you try to use your eraser for the first time. Rather than selecting the eraser tool, you get the rectangle selection tool instead. This is by design, believe it or not. Gimp does not care that its an eraser, just that it's not the pen you were just using. If you choose the eraser tool now, it will remember that for the next time you try to use it. On the plus side, you can set the eraser to be anything, including the Airbrush tool or Clone tool.

If you change the tool's mapping area while Gimp was running, you need to relaunch Gimp to use the new settings. Otherwise, the tool tip will be off from the drawing point.

One tablet user has pointed out that deleting his .gimp directory and rerunning gimp was necessary before his airbrush worked correctly. If you are having trouble, it's worth a shot.

Good luck!

11.0 - Contacts

Ping Cheng can be contacted at the following email address: pingc@wacom.com.

12.0 - Appendix

This section is for everything that is either not critical or simply too complex to describe in the document above without becoming overly distracting.

12.1 - Building wacdump and xidump

Building wacdump

wacdump is enabled by default in the configure script, so let's do that now:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ ./configure
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - no
            wacdump - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

As shown above, the build options indicate that wacdump will be built. If not, then scroll back through the configuration to see if there aren't any errors or warnings that would explain this.

Next, run make. The output will be a file called wacdump in the linuxwacom package's src/util directory. Running make install, will install it under /usr/local/bin.

Building xidump

xidump builds by default so if you've configured and built the project in previous steps, you probably have it already. If not, we can build it now.

xidump requires the XLib and XInput header files to be present on the system. On Redhat 8.0, these files are located in the XFree86-devel RPM package. Other distributions may be organized differently, and people who build X from source probably get them by default. When configuring, check that XLib is detected in the build environment, and if not, refer to the warnings and "checking for" messages for additional clues.

The preferred display mode for xidump uses ncurses. To compile it, you will need the ncurses header files. On Redhat 8.0, these files are located in the ncurses-devel package. Without ncurses, xidump defaults to raw mode automatically.

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$ ./configure
checking for XLib include directory... found
checking for XLib header files... found
checking for ncurses.h... yes
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
                ...
               XLib - yes
            ncurses - yes
                ...

  BUILD OPTIONS:
                ...
             xidump - yes
                ...
----------------------------------------

The configuration above indicates that the XLib and ncurses header files were found and xidump will be built. If ncurses.h is not found, xidump will still build, but it will also warn you that ncurses will not be available. If you encounter warnings, it is most likely that your development environment is missing some packages.

When you run make, the xidump program will be built along with any other programs that are specified in the build options. The output file is called 'xidump' and is located in the linuxwacom package's src/util directory. It is installed by running make install.

12.2 - Building xsetwacom

Building xsetwacom

xsetwacom uses libwacomcfg.so to communicate with Wacom X (XFree86 or Xorg) driver, wacom_drv.(s)o. So, libwacomcfg.so should be built and installed.

libwacomcfg.so relies on Xlib. In the configure script, it will default the Xlib path to /usr/X11R6 or /usr/lib (/usr/X11R6/lib64 or /usr/lib64 if --enable-xserver64 option is set) by checking the existence of xf86Version.h. If your Xlib is not installed under /usr/X11R6 or /usr/lib, you'll need to specify the path (dir) by --with-xlib=dir. Let's see what we get from configure:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$./configure
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.4
  module versioning - yes -DONFIG_MODVERSIONS -DMODVERSIONS -include /usr/src/linux/include/linux/modversions.h
      kernel source - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - no 
          XSERVER64 - no 
           dlloader - no 
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6
                TCL - yes /usr
                 TK - yes /usr
            ncurses - yes

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - no
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
       wacom_drv.so - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

As shown above, the build options indicate that libwacomcfg and xsetwacom will be built. If not, then scroll back through the configuration to see if there aren't any errors or warnings that would explain this.

Next, run make. The output will be stored in the linuxwacom package's src/util and src/util/.libs directory. They will be installed by running make install (you need to switch to superuser to run this command).

If wacom_drv.(s)o was running while installing xsetwacom, xsetwacom can be launched immediately after make install and exit.

If wacom_drv.o is installed by the same make install as xsetwacom is, restarting X server is required to use the newly built wacom_drv.(s)o. We strongly recommand to build and install wacom_drv.(s)o and xsetwacom from the same release package since the out of sync wacom_drv.(s)o and xsetwacom may crash your X server.

12.3 - Building wacomcpl

wacomcpl is written in tcl/tk. It uses libwacomxi.so and xsetwacom to communicate with Wacom XFree86/Xorg driver, wacom_drv.(s)o. So, to run wacomcpl, tcl/tk should be installed, libwacomxi.so and xsetwacom should be built and installed.

libwacomxi.so and xsetwacom are enabled by default in the configure script. By default, the script will assume that tcl/tk is installed under /usr. That is, tcl.h and tk.h should be under /usr/include; libtcl.so.0 and libtk.so.0 should be under /usr/lib. Let's see what we get from configure:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$./configure
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.4
  module versioning - yes
      kernel source - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - no
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6
                TCL - yes /usr
                 TK - yes /usr
            ncurses - yes

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - no
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

As shown above, the build options indicate that libwacomxi and xsetwacom will be built. If not, then scroll back through the configuration to see if there aren't any errors or warnings that would explain this.

For example, on another system, I have installed tcl/tk under /usr/local/ActiveTcl. That is, tcl.h and tk.h are under /usr/local/ActiveTcl/include. If I run configure without options, I get:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$./configure
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.4
  module versioning - yes
      kernel source - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - no
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6
                TCL - no
                 TK - no
            ncurses - yes
                GTK - 2.0.6

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - no
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - no
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

The build options show that libwacomxi will not be built. When I scroll back through the configuration, I see:

...
checking for tcl header files... not found; tried /usr/include/tcl.h
***
*** WARNING:
*** The tcl development environment does not appear to
*** be installed. The header file tcl.h does not appear
*** in the include path. Do you have the tcl rpm or
*** equivalent package properly installed?  Some build
*** features will be unavailable.
***
checking for tk header files... not found; tried /usr/include/tk.h and /include/tk.h
***
*** WARNING:
*** The tk development environment does not appear to
*** be installed. The header file tk.h does not appear
*** in the include path. Do you have the tk rpm or
*** equivalent package properly installed?  Some build
*** features will be unavailable.
***
checking ncurses.h usability... yes
checking ncurses.h presence... yes
checking for ncurses.h... yes
***
*** WARNING:
*** libwacomxi requires tcl environment; libwacomxi will not be built.
***
...

Then I run configure with option --with-tcl=/usr/local/ActiveTcl:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$./configure --with-tcl=/usr/local/ActiveTcl
...
----------------------------------------
  BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
       architecture - i686
       linux kernel - yes 2.4
  module versioning - yes
      kernel source - yes /usr/src/linux
            XFree86 - no
               XLib - yes /usr/X11R6
                TCL - yes /usr/local/ActiveTcl
                 TK - yes /usr/local/ActiveTcl
            ncurses - yes

  BUILD OPTIONS:
            wacom.o - no
            wacdump - yes
             xidump - yes
        libwacomcfg - yes
         libwacomxi - yes
          xsetwacom - yes
              hid.o - no
         usbmouse.o - no
            evdev.o - no
         mousedev.o - no
            input.o - no
        tabletdev.o - no
        wacom_drv.o - no
----------------------------------------

Note: You may need to issue the following commands before running wacomcpl:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ActiveTcl/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$su
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]#cd /usr/local/ActiveTcl/lib
[jej@ayukawa lib]#ln -s libtcl.8.4.so libtcl.so.0
[jej@ayukawa lib]#ln -s libtk.8.4.so libtk.so.0

If your tcl and tk are installed on different paths, you'll need to specify them separately. Suppose that your tcl is under /usr/local/tcl8.4 and your tk is under /usr/local/tk8.4, the proper configuration and setup commands will be:

[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$./configure --with-tcl=/usr/local/tcl8.4 --with-tk=/usr/local/tk8.4
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tcl8.4/lib:/usr/local/tk8.4/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]$su
[jej@ayukawa linuxwacom]#cd /usr/local/tcl8.4/lib
[jej@ayukawa lib]#ln -s libtcl.8.4.so libtcl.so.0
[jej@ayukawa lib]#cd /usr/local/tk8.4/lib
[jej@ayukawa lib]#ln -s libtk.8.4.so libtk.so.0

Next, run make. The output will be stored in the linuxwacom package's src/wacomxi and src/wacomxi/.libs directories. They will be installed by running make install (you need to switch to superuser to run this command).

12.4 - Building wacom_drv.o from Scratch

Introduction

I should tell you out-right that this is a time consuming process.

Why would you want to do this? Two reasons. One, you are a developer and need to make changes to the source code directly. Two, your distribution uses c libraries or configuration options that are not compatible with the wacom_drv.o file that I provide. People running libc5 for instance, would need to build their own driver.

Timothy Klein has submitted a brief howto for compiling on Debian Stable which is still running XFree86 4.1 as of this writing. It covers steps one through four of this document, and a savvy developer should be able to figure out step five on his own. If someone solves step five and generates a patch to Makefile.am, I'll see what I can do about getting it into the configuration script. That document is on the Installing wacom driver On Debian page.

You will need the X source code to rebuild the wacom_drv.o driver. The build configuration for X generates a number of header files that are necessary but not installed by default on most distributions. Consequently, you will need to not only get the source, but build it, practically in its entirety. Then, after all that, the configure script can be instructed to hook into the X build tree and rebuild wacom_drv.o at any time without having to rebuild X again.

Since I am running Redhat 8.0 and cannot really pull down the original XFree86 4.2.0 source code, compile it, and expect it to work on my system, I need to instead use the source RPM provided by Redhat. If you choose to go this route, I provide pretty detailed instructions for making this work. If your distribution works differently, or you are using Gentoo where most everything is source code by default, you'll need to handle this as best as possible according to your particular situation.

Step One: Get The Source

On Redhat 8.0, I discovered the version number for my currently installed XFree86 packages by running rpm -q XFree86. This reported version 4.2.0-72, therefore the source package is XFree86-4.2.0-72.src.rpm. I downloaded the package from Redhat directly and installed it to the system as follows:

[root@sen src]# rpm -ivh XFree86-4.2.0-72.src.rpm
   1:XFree86                ########################################### [100%]

This installs a number of files to the /usr/src/redhat directory, particularly in the SOURCES and SPECS subdirectories. Other distributions undoubtedly install elsewhere. Look for the XFree86.spec file which should be located in the SPECS directory. This file contains all the information necessary to patch the orginal XFree86-4.2.0 source code to the level that Redhat is distributing in their regular binary package. The source code and patch files are located in SOURCES.

Step Two: Build the Source

This step describes how to build the source from the RPM itself. If you are building from some other mechanism, I honestly cannot offer much assistance since I generally don't build my X system from scratch. If you'd like to write up a short section on building the server for your particular distribution, I would be happy to include it here.

Next, you don't actually have to build the entire thing. The point at which the xf86Wacom.c driver can be built however, is not until somewhere in the middle of the build process. The driver depends on a number of header files that are created dynamically so until they are generated, wacom_drv.o cannot be compiled. My solution was to open a separate terminal in the wacom driver directory and periodically attempt to build it. When it successfully built, I stopped the X build process. Here's how to build the source for an RPM that's been exploded out into the SPECS and SOURCES directories.

[root@sen root]# cd /usr/src/redhat
[root@sen redhat]# rpmbuild -bc SPECS/XFree86.spec

Not every distribution has rpmbuild; try using just rpm instead. At some point, Redhat split the build functionality into separate programs. If after looking through the rpm man page, you still cannot get this to work, send me some email, and I'll look into it.

The important item is the "-bc" option of rpmbuild which unpacks, patches, and builds the source without actually installing. While it is also possible to simply unpack and patch using the "-bp" option, there does not seem to be a way to just build. The "-bc" option simply deletes all the files provided by "-bp" and recreates them again. The downside of this is that if you wanted to simply unpack, patch, and then copy the new xf86Wacom.c file over the old one, you'll find that the build step deletes it and starts over again. I have gotten this to work by creating a new patch file, but this requires a bit more effort, so I don't recommend it right off.

Step Three: Build the Original Driver

The xf86Wacom.c file is buried pretty deep in the X build tree. If it is in a different location than the one I have provided below, try using find . -name xf86Wacom.c from the BUILD directory.

[root@sen redhat]# cd BUILD/XFree86-4.2.0/xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/input/wacom
[root@sen wacom]# ls
Imakefile  wacom.man    xf86Wacom.c.Wacom-USB-driver-a25-update
Makefile   xf86Wacom.c

[root@sen wacom]# make
rm -f xf86Wacom.o
gcc -O2 -march=i386 ... -c xf86Wacom.c
ld -r xf86Wacom.o -o wacom_drv.o

Step Four: Automating the Build Process

By configuring the package with the --with-xf86 option set to the XFree86 build tree, you can build the driver outside of the X build tree.

[jej@ayukawa wacom]$ ./configure \
	--with-xf86=/usr/src/redhat/BUILD/XFree86-4.2.0 
...
BUILD ENVIRONMENT:
            XFree86 - yes
  BUILD OPTIONS:
        wacom_drv.o - yes
[jej@ayukawa wacom]$ make

The makefile rule which builds the driver is contained within src/Makefile.am and is modified according to the configuration to generate a rule similar to this in src/Makefile:

xf86Wacom.o: xf86Wacom.c
        gcc -O2 -march=i386 -mcpu=$(ARCHITECTURE) -pipe -ansi \
                -pedantic -Wall -Wpointer-arith -fno-merge-constants \
                -I. -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/common \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/loader \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/include \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/mi \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/exports/include/X11 \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/include/extensions \
                -I$(XF86_DIR) \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/exports/include \
                -Dlinux -D__i386__ -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L -D_POSIX_SOURCE \
                -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_SVID_SOURCE  -D_GNU_SOURCE \
                -DSHAPE -DXINPUT -DXKB -DLBX -DXAPPGROUP -DXCSECURITY \
                -DTOGCUP -DXF86BIGFONT -DDPMSExtension -DPIXPRIV -DPANORAMIX \
                -DRENDER -DGCCUSESGAS -DAVOID_GLYPHBLT -DPIXPRIV \
                -DSINGLEDEPTH -DXFreeXDGA -DXvExtension -DXFree86LOADER \
                -DXFree86Server -DXF86VIDMODE -DXvMCExtension \
                -DSMART_SCHEDULE -DBUILDDEBUG -DXResExtension \
                -DX_BYTE_ORDER=X_LITTLE_ENDIAN -DNDEBUG -DFUNCPROTO=15 \
                -DNARROWPROTO -DIN_MODULE -DXFree86Module -DLINUX_INPUT \
                -o xf86Wacom.o -c xf86Wacom.c

similar rules applie to wcmSerial.c, wcmUSB.c, wcmISDV4.c, wcmCommon.c, wcmCompat.c, wcmConfig.c, and, wcmFilter.c.

The options and directories specified come directly from the output of the make command in the previous step. All the root and parent directories have been replaced with the macro XF86_DIR which in this case is set by the configuration script to /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/XFree86-4.2.0/xc. If the options that you see in your build are identical to those above, then the default rule will work for you now. If not, you'll need to make some alterations. You can update the Makefile.am file and rerun automake, update the Makefile.in and rerun configure, or just update the Makefile directly.

So long as the X build tree exists, the include directories will point to the correct locations, and the driver will build. If space is an issue, you can probably remove all the non-essential directories, but be careful; the dependency tree in X is huge.

12.5 - Installing wacom driver On Debian

I'm using the Sid version of Debian, but I was told that the Sarge 
distribution, recently become the stable one, already contains what 
is necessary. Version 2.6.11 of the kernel is the highly preferred 
one by people maintaining the Linux Wacom software.

Download the 2.6.11 kernel

I was completely unsuccessful when trying to configure and compile 
my own kernel: certainly I omitted some capital module, but I could 
not decide what it was. Thus, I chose the last pre-compiled kernel.

   1.   apt-get kernel-image-2.6.11-1-686

   2.   apt-get kernel-headers-2.6.11-1-686

If you use Lilo, configure your /etc/lilo.conf file, taking into 
account that this kernel needs an initrd= line.

Optionally

If your case is irrelevant, please skip this section and the following one.

   1.      I Have a Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5751 Ethernet card, which needs 
the tigon3 driver, unavailable in Debian kernel 2.6.11. The solution is here.

      Thus I got the package:

         1.   cd /usr/src
         2.   wget http://www.acm.rpi.edu/~dilinger/kernel-source-nonfree-2.6.11
/kernel-nonfree-modules-2.6.11-1-686-2.6.11-1_i386.deb

   2.      I have an ATI X 300 video card, whose driver is not available 
in Debian kernel 2.6.11. The solution is here.

      Thus I got the packages:

         1.    for the driver:  wget http://www.stanchina.net/~flavio/
debian-fglrx-xfree86/fglrx-driver_8.12.10-1_i386.deb
         2.    and for the kernel module:  wget http://www.stanchina.net/~flavio
/debian-fglrx-modules/fglrx-kernel-2.6.11-1-686-smp_8.12.10-1+2.6.11-2_i386.deb

Install the optional packages

   1.   cd /usr/src

   2.   dpkg -i kernel-nonfree-modules-2.6.11-1-686_2.6.11-1_i386.deb

   3.   dpkg -i fglrx-driver_8.12.10-1_i386.deb

   4.   dpkg -i fglrx-kernel-2.6.11-1-686_8.12.10-1+2.6.11-2_i386.deb

Install the wacom tools package

   1.   apt-get install wacom-tools

   2.   dpkg-reconfigure wacom-kernel-source

      Since your debconf configuration probably did not ask for the lowest 
priority questions, this step is needed. You might also use it later if you 
update your kernel, for instance.

      When asked whether you want to build the modules, answer yes, and tell 
where the headers are located (normally /usr/src/kernel-headers-2.6.11-1-686).

Prepare for the /dev/input/wacom link

In /etc/udev/rules.d/10-wacom.rules, add the following line:

KERNEL="event*", SYSFS{idVendor}="056a", NAME="input/%k", SYMLINK="input/wacom%e" 

Thus the drivers will find the Wacom tablet, whatever its /dev/input/eventX address is.

Change your XF86Config-4 file

The important sections are:

   1. The ServerLayout section:

Section "ServerLayout"
        [ ... ]
	InputDevice    "stylus"	   "SendCoreEvents"
	InputDevice    "eraser"	   "SendCoreEvents"
	InputDevice    "cursor"	   "SendCoreEvents"
	InputDevice    "pad"
EndSection

   2. The InputDevice sections:

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier   "stylus"
	Driver	     "wacom"
	Option	     "Type" "stylus"
	Option	     "USB" "on"
	Option	     "Threshold" "10"
	Option	     "Device" "/dev/input/wacom"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier   "eraser"
	Driver	     "wacom"
	Option	     "Type" "eraser"
	Option	     "USB" "on"
	Option	     "Threshold" "10"
	Option	     "Device" "/dev/input/wacom"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier   "cursor"
	Driver	     "wacom"
	Option	     "Type" "cursor"
	Option	     "USB" "on"
	Option	     "Threshold" "10"
	Option	     "Device" "/dev/input/wacom"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier "pad"
   Driver "wacom"
   Option "Device" "/dev/input/wacom"
   Option "Type" "pad"
   Option "USB" "on"
EndSection 

   3. The section dealing with your normal mouse must be considered too. See Mouse1 (for all kernel 2.4 systems and some 2.6 systems). 
I didn't use /dev/psaux nor /dev/input/mice. /dev/input/mouse0 works for a PS/2 
mouse. For a USB mouse, there is a problem mentioned in the Remaining problems.

   4. If you use the ATI X300 card, you need to change also the Device section:
    
Section "Device"
        Identifier      "ATI"
        Driver          "fglrx"
        Option "VideoOverlay" "on"
        Option "OpenGLOverlay" "off"
        Option "UseInternalAGPGART" "no"
EndSection

Final steps

   1.   Reboot. This will also restart the X server, of course.
   2.   Enjoy!

If you want to use the expresskeys of your Intuos tablet

If you do nothing more, the pad is not usable at all. However, you will find here a specific 
tool for having the pad available in various programs, for example XTerm, Gimp, or Blender.

This tool is very easy to compile, install, and use. If you want to use the pad 
in Gimp, do not enable it in "Preferences -> Input Devices -> Configure 
the extended input devices", contrarily to the three other tools (stylus, eraser, 
and cursor). You can easily configure what the expresskeys send, according to 
your tastes, and use only them for the tasks that need a good control of the 
stylus or eraser.

Remaining problems

If your tablet is always plugged, everything works perfectly. If you want to plug 
it out, for example in order to move it onto another computer, and then to plug 
it back later, problems begin.

For the present, you must take care of the following things:

   1.  If you plug in the tablet again, the corresponding driver is not informed 
of this, thus you must restart the X server.

   2.  If the tablet is plugged when you reboot, and you have an USB mouse, maybe 
the /dev/input address of this mouse is not the same as the previous time. Thus 
you will have to change this in your XF86Config-4 file.

   3.  If you use GDM or KDM or XDM, you should plug in the tablet after rebooting, 
but before the X server starts, which is somewhat difficult! Thus you will be forced 
to restart the X server, i.e. kill it (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) and not simply logging out.

Final remarks

      I would like to thank all persons who helped me, on the LinuxWacom or the 
Gimp-user discussion lists, especially Carol Spears, Karine Delvare, Ping Cheng, and Ron.

12.6 - Building wacom driver On PowerMac

System:

<< Hardware >>
* PowerMac [silver] with dual 533 MHz G4 [7410] CPU's, 1GB RAM,
  (3) 73 GB SCSI drives
* Contour UniMouse [USB, optical, three button]
* Wacom Intuos Tablet [USB]: GD-1218-U
        * 4-d mouse
        * pen
        * air brush

<< Software >>
* Yellow Dog Linux 3.0.1 [Redhat variant for PPC]
* kernel: 2.4.25-ben1
* linuxwacom-0.6.1

* XFree86-4.3.0-2.1e
* atk-1.6.0-1
* freetype-2.1.3-4
* gcc-3.3
* gtk+-2.4.0
* glib2-2.4.0
* ncurses-5.2-28
* pango-1.4.0

============================================================

I have a Wacom Intuos tablet "working" [after a fashion] on a PPC
running Yellow Dog Linux 3.0.1.

<< What works >>
* input devices:
    * cursor movement
    * button clicks
    * wheel rotation [as seen from wacdump]
    * pressure [as seen from wacdump & gimp]
    * tilt [as seen from wacdump]

* applications:
    * wacdump
    * xidump
    * xev
    * xinput-1.2
    * gimp-1.25 & gimp-2.0
    * dia-0.9.2

< What does *not* work >>
* input devices:
        * Mode "Relative" for pen & air brush [should it???]

* applications:
    * xsetwacom
    * wacomcpl [because of xsetwacom]

There are some issues I would like to report.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* Makefiles
The makefiles are set up for Intel architecture. Some options are not
applicable for PPC's.

[ from ./src/2.4.22/Makefile.in ]
KCFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG_FLAGS) -D__KERNEL__ \
                -DMODULE -DEXPORT_SYMTAB $(MODS) \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -O2 \
                -fno-strict-aliasing \
                -fno-common -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe \
     ===>    -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 \         
     ===>     -march=$(ARCHITECTURE)

The last two options are not applicable to a PPC.

A more appropriate set of flags, taken from building the 2.4.25 kernel
modules, might be:

KCFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG_FLAGS) -D__KERNEL__  \
                -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -O2 \
                -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fomit-frame-pointer \
                -fsigned-char -msoft-float -pipe -ffixed-r2 \
                -Wno-uninitialized -mmultiple -mstring \
                -DMODULE -DMODVERSIONS -iwithprefix

[ from ./src/Makefile.in ]
$(XF86OBJS): xf86Wacom.c Makefile
  ==>  gcc -O2 $(DEPFLAGS) -march=i386 -mcpu=$(ARCHITECTURE) -pipe -ansi \    
                -pedantic -Wall -Wpointer-arith $(NO_MERGE_CONSTANTS) \
                -I. -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/common \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/loader \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/include \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/mi \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/exports/include/X11 \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/include/extensions \
                -I$(XF86_DIR) \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/exports/include \
==>           -Dlinux -D__i386__ -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L -D_POSIX_SOURCE \
                -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_SVID_SOURCE  -D_GNU_SOURCE \
                -DSHAPE -DXINPUT -DXKB -DLBX -DXAPPGROUP -DXCSECURITY \
                -DTOGCUP -DXF86BIGFONT -DDPMSExtension -DPIXPRIV -DPANORAMIX \
                -DRENDER -DGCCUSESGAS -DAVOID_GLYPHBLT -DPIXPRIV \
                -DSINGLEDEPTH -DXFreeXDGA -DXvExtension -DXFree86LOADER \
                -DXFree86Server -DXF86VIDMODE -DXvMCExtension \
                -DSMART_SCHEDULE -DBUILDDEBUG -DXResExtension \
                -DX_BYTE_ORDER=X_LITTLE_ENDIAN -DNDEBUG -DFUNCPROTO=15 \
                -DNARROWPROTO -DIN_MODULE -DXFree86Module $(LINUX_INPUT) \
                -o $@ -c $(subst .o,.c,$@)

A more appropriate set of flags, taken from building XFree86-4.3.0, might be:

$(XF86OBJS): xf86Wacom.c Makefile
        gcc -O2 $(DEPFLAGS) -mcpu=$(ARCHITECTURE) -pipe -ansi \
                -pedantic -Wall -Wpointer-arith $(NO_MERGE_CONSTANTS) \
                -I. -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/common \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/loader \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/include \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/programs/Xserver/mi \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/exports/include/X11 \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/include/extensions \
                -I$(XF86_DIR) \
                -I$(XF86_DIR)/exports/include \
                -Dlinux  -D__powerpc__ -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L \
                -D_POSIX_SOURCE \
                -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_SVID_SOURCE  -D_GNU_SOURCE \
                -DSHAPE -DXINPUT -DXKB -DLBX -DXAPPGROUP -DXCSECURITY \
                -DTOGCUP -DXF86BIGFONT -DDPMSExtension -DPIXPRIV -DPANORAMIX \
                -DRENDER -DGCCUSESGAS -DAVOID_GLYPHBLT -DPIXPRIV \
                -DSINGLEDEPTH -DXFreeXDGA -DXvExtension -DXFree86LOADER \
                -DXFree86Server -DXF86VIDMODE -DXvMCExtension \
                -DSMART_SCHEDULE -DBUILDDEBUG -DXResExtension \
                -DX_BYTE_ORDER=X_BIG_ENDIAN -DNDEBUG -DFUNCPROTO=15 \
                -DNARROWPROTO -DIN_MODULE -DXFree86Module $(LINUX_INPUT) \
                -o $@ -c $(subst .o,.c,$@)

where $(ARCHITECTURE) = powerppc  [ppc will not work]

* Kernel modules
I experimented with different ways of building [and loading] the kernel
modules:
    * evdev.o
    * hid.o
    * mousedev.o
    * wacom.o

I settled on building the modules within the existing framework for building
the Linux kernel rather than using the makefiles provided by linuxwacom-0.6.1.
I did so to insure that I got all the PPC dependency stuff right.

* Hotplug kernel module issues
I had some issues using 'modprobe' to load the wacom kernel module that forced
me to reconfigure and rebuild the 2.4.25-ben1 kernel.

A typical YDL kernel build for a PowerMac statically links most of the input
core support into the kernel:

    [from .config file provided by YDL]
    # Input core support
    #
    CONFIG_INPUT=y
    CONFIG_INPUT_KEYBDEV=y
    CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV=y
    CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV_SCREEN_X=1024
    CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV_SCREEN_Y=768
    CONFIG_INPUT_JOYDEV=m
    CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV=y

I had initially built only wacom.o as a loadable module. The other modules
were statically linked into the kernel.

When wacom.o was loaded using:

        $ /sbin/insmod wacom.o

all went well:

[output from /var/log/messages]

Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: usb.c: registered new driver wacom
Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: Reporting max 45720, 31680
Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: wacom.c: Setting tablet report for tabletdata
Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: input4: Wacom Intuos 12x18 on usb2:3.0
Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: wacom.c: v1.30-j0.6.1 Vojtech Pavlik

Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: wacom.c: USB Wacom Graphire and Wacom Intuos
tablet  driver (LINUXWACOM-DEBUG)
Mar 24 10:26:33 plantain kernel: wacom_events

When wacom.o was loaded using:

        $ /sbin/modprobe wacom

the module failed to load:

        $ /sbin/rmmod wacom
        $ /sbin/modprobe wacom
        modprobe: Can't locate module evdev which is needed for wacom

I was perplexed about this failure because "evdev" was statically linked into
the kernel. I puzzled over this for a while and concluded that it had
something to do with how USB hotplug was configured.

I arrived at this conclusion by unplugging the tablet, waiting, and then
plugging it back in. I found that the tablet "worked" but there are complaints
in /var/log/messages:

Mar 24 10:34:51 plantain kernel: usb.c: USB disconnect on device 10:19.0-1
address 3

Mar 24 10:35:53 plantain kernel: hub.c: new USB device 10:19.0-1, assigned
address  4
Mar 24 10:35:53 plantain kernel: Reporting max 45720, 31680
Mar 24 10:35:53 plantain kernel: wacom.c: Setting tablet report for tablet
data
Mar 24 10:35:53 plantain kernel: input4: Wacom Intuos 12x18 on usb2:4.0
Mar 24 10:35:53 plantain kernel: wacom_intuos_irq: tool change 0x094
Mar 24 10:35:56 plantain /etc/hotplug/usb.agent: Setup wacom for USB product
56a/24/101
Mar 24 10:35:56 plantain /etc/hotplug/usb.agent: Setup evdev mousedev for USB
product 56a/24/101
Mar 24 10:35:56 plantain modprobe: modprobe: Can't locate module evdev
Mar 24 10:35:56 plantain modprobe: modprobe: Can't locate module mousedev

I really don't understand how the USB hotplug mechanisms are supposed to be
configured.  Yes... I did look at the scripts in /etc/hotplug. Yes.. I did
attempt a few unsucessful modifications to usb.handmap and usb.distmap. I
pondered over this for a while and then decided on a work-around:

I reconfigured and rebuilt the kernel to dynamically load
   * evdev.o
   * hid.o
   * mousedev.o
   * wacom.o

which "eliminated" the problem.

If someone out there knows what should have been done to allow modprobe to
successfully load wacom when evdev and friends are already statically linked
into the kernel, please send me email.

* XFree86 module: wacom_drv.o
I rebuilt wacom_drv.o using the linuxwacom-0.6.1 makefile and the flags listed
above.  The build was uneventful.

* Mouse1
I do not have a Mouse1 entry in XF86Config. I mention this because there is an
obscure reference in the documentation to potential mouse conflict problems
when running a USB Wacom mouse on a system with a USB mouse. The USB mouse
connected to the system and the Wacom input devices all seem to work. 

On my system:

        /dev/mouse is a link to /dev/input/mice

Mouse0 is configured in XF86Config as:

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier  "Mouse0"
        Driver      "mouse"
        Option      "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
        Option      "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
        Option      "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
EndSection

Maybe something nasty is going on that I don't know about. Thoughts???

* xsetwacom
There are problems...

The 'list' command prints stuff:

$ xsetwacom list
eraser           eraser
stylus           stylus
cursor           cursor

The set command fails:

$ xsetwacom -v set stylus FileModel
Set: sending 100 0 (0x0)
Error (5): WacomConfigSetRawParam: Unknown X error
Set: Failed to set stylus value for 'FileModel'

Looking at the code, I see that it is failing in a call to
XChangeDeviceControl() made from WacomConfigSetRawParam(). I also poked
around in this one with GDB. The X-Display gets opened properly. Things look
OK until the request is dispatched, which then returns an unknown X error.

I also tried to use xsetwacom to toggle the cursor mode between relative and
absolute.  Again the command fails with an unkown X error.  Note that the
XFree86 command  'xsetmode' works fine.

-Joseph 

12.7 - Building wacom driver On Fedora Core 3

Procedure for building linuxwacom package on Fedora Core 3 with 2.6 series 
kernel.  These instructions are current as of May 23, 2005. 
There are several reasons why FC3 is different. The two main reasons
being:

- evdev, hid-core and mousedev are compiled into the kernel core so you can't
just recompile them as modules.

- the Fedora Core kernel is heavily patched, which I don't mind as it means my
Creative Live! Drive II works, but it does mean that compiling the kernel
from www.kernel.org may lose you some hardware support.

Additionally, Red Hat no longer supply a simple linux-source rpm so if you
want the official kernel source for Fedora Core 3 you're going to have to use
the source RPM.

At this stage, I am assuming that you have a fully updated system and are
using kernel 2.6.11-1.14_FC3

What you will need:

At this stage you're going to need all of the development packages required to
compile the kernel (gcc, automake, etc) and the xorg-x11-sdk package
installed (under Development >> X Software Development). If you're unsure
where this all is, you can select the hat menu in KDE or Gnome and you want
to select System Settings >> Add/Remove Applications.

If you're unsure as to exactly what you need to install, install everything
(except gcc-java, it causes problems with Sun or IBM java installs) assuming
you have the hard drive space.

Also the vast majority of this will require you to be in SuperUser mode so you
might as well 'su' from the start; not normally advice I'd be giving anyone
but it's kinda necessary in this case.

You have two choices for the first step; you can either download the kernel
SRPM from one of the mirrors at
http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors.html where you can find the correct
package as updates/3/SRPMS/kernel-2.6.11-1.14_FC3.src.rpm  and install it
with

rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.11-1.14_FC3.src.rpm

or you can use

up2date --get-source kernel

Either method should leave you with a lot of files in /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES
and the file /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec
At this stage, don't worry about all the files starting linux-2.6.9... the
main file you are looking for is linux-2.6.11.tar.bz2. As long as that's
there you should be fine.

Now, to actually get all the kernel sources setup in a compilable form you
need to run the command

rpmbuild -bp --target= /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec

If you don't know what  is, run the command

uname -m

and it should tell you.
Of course, it should be noted at this point that if my architecture is i686
and I select that, what will actually be installed is the source
configuration for i386 and above so if you're still not sure but you know you
can run Windows then --target=i386 is a safe default.

After everything has been setup the rpmbuild will have applied all the
standard patches and setup a default configuration so the only reason to run
'make config', or 'make xconfig', is to change something from the default.

Having said this, I like to run 'make xconfig' to alter the selected chip the
kernel is going to compile for as it defaults to compiling for i386 whereas
anyone with a reasonably recent chip (Athlon, Pentium III even) is going to
want something a bit more advanced.

So, the first thing you want to do, if you want most add-on modules to find
the kernel source without adding a really long command-line parameter, is to
add a symbolic link to the source directory.

cd /usr/src
ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.11/linux-2.6.11 linux

So now everything can find the current kernel source in /usr/src/linux

cd  linux
make xconfig

select 'Processor type and features' and change 'Processor family' from 386 to
whatever it is you're running.
If you make a mistake and you don't know what you've done you can always close
the program and select 'Discard changes' and start again.
Otherwise, click on the floppy disk icon to save and exit safe in the
knowledge that you're not compiling for a CPU that doesn't even have a
floating point unit.

OK, so by now you should have the basic kernel source setup and available
in /usr/src/linux and, due to the setup of the default kernel, we can't just
recompile a few modules, we have to recompile the whole kernel.

So at this stage, we're just about where we'd like to be if we wanted to
compile the kernel as it is, with no support for the Intuos3 or any of the
Cintix range but if you've got an AthlonXP or a Pentium 4 you might get a
little bit more performance out of it.

We now want to be getting the latest linuxwacom-0.6.8.tar.bz2 You may want to
setup your own arrangement for wherever you want it but your home directory
should be fine and...

tar jxvf linuxwacom-0.6.8.tar.bz2
cd linuxwacom-0.6.8

...and you're in the source directory for the code that enables proper Wacom
support.

Now we need to copy just four files, usbmouse.c has been deprecated in favour
of hid-core.c and can be safely ignored, also we don't need to do anything to
input.c. Now we copy all the necessary source files.

cd src/2.6.11
cp evdev.c mousedev.c /usr/src/linux/drivers/input/
cp hid-core.c wacom.c /usr/src/linux/drivers/usb/input/

Now, with the manual patching done everything should work and, unless I've
somehow missed a stage, everything should compile just fine.

cd /usr/src/linux
make all

Now, this is going to take a while, especially if your system's a bit aold
like mine so now would be a good time to get some tea, coffee, go down the
corner shop or have lunch.

Assuming there have been no errors, everything should now be compiled.

make modules_install
make install

You need to install the modules first or 'make install' will quit, complaining
about there being no '/lib/modules/2.6.11-prep' and sulk in the corner.

After all this, there's still one last thing you need to do and that's make
this new kernel the default on boot. You will need to
edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the 'default' value from 1 to 0.

Those of you with nVidia and other such graphics cards who like their 3D
acceleration will need to reinstall the drivers before X Windows will work.

As it is, on reboot you will need to change the boot parameters. When Grub
comes up, press a to alter the boot parameters. It is advisable at this stage
to remove 'rhgb' as, one of the effects of running the Red Hat Graphical Boot
is that if you want a change in the xorg.conf file to take effect you have to
reboot the entire system and this just gets to be a PITA when you're trying
to configure something. Then add '3' (without quotes) to the end of the line
to make FC3 boot to the command line.

Right, so by now we should have the kernel set up to recognise whatever tablet
you have properly. We can check this.

cat /proc/bus/usb/devices

should give you a readout of every device on your usb system and we're looking
for the line which includes Vendor=056a

With my Intuos 3 I have ProdID 00b1, manufacturer is listed as 'Tablet' and
Product is listed as PTZ-630 although this may differ depending on which
tablet you have and what size it is.

The most important line is the one beginning with I: which should end with
'Driver=wacom'.

If this is that case, congratulations, your kernel is now fully set up to
recgonise your tablet :o)

Now, to get it running with X Windows we need to update the wacom_drv driver
and this, in itself is going to be different as the configuration script will
not know where to find your x11 SDK and so will efuse to compile the driver.

The xorg SDK in the case of FC3 is located in /usr/X11R6/lib/Server and we can
tell the configuration script this

./configure --with-xorg-sdk=/usr/X11R6/lib/Server

should do the trick and

make install

should compile and install the module in the appropriate place.

After all this is done, now all you need to do is setup the configuration
in /etc/X11 xorg.conf

The ServerLayout section is at the start of the configuration file and, as an
example, mine looks like this:

Section "ServerLayout"
       Identifier      "Default Layout"
       Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
       InputDevice     "Mouse0"        "CorePointer"
       InputDevice     "Keyboard0"     "CoreKeyboard"
       InputDevice     "eraser"        "SendCoreEvents"
       InputDevice     "stylus"        "SendCoreEvents"
EndSection

Where Mouse3 and Mouse5 are the identifiers for the pen and eraser.

My InputDevice sections look like this:

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier  "eraser"
       Driver      "wacom"
#       Option      "TopX" "0"
#       Option      "TopY" "0"
#       Option      "BottomX" "1600"
#       Option      "BottomY" "1200"
       Option      "Device" "/dev/input/event3"
       Option      "Type" "eraser"
       Option      "USB" "On"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier  "stylus"
       Driver      "wacom"
#        Option      "TopX" "0"
#        Option      "TopY" "0"
#        Option      "BottomX" "1600"
#        Option      "BottomY" "1200"
       Option      "Device" "/dev/input/event3"
       Option      "Type" "stylus"
       Option      "USB" "On"
EndSection

It's important to note, at this point, that the TopX/Y and BottomX/Y options
are not actually necessary unless you have problem with the detection of the
tablet as all the lpi information is included in the source code for the
wacom module so it's perfectly safe to leave these out if you don't know what
the values should be.

Also note, that at this stage I still don't have /dev/input/wacom and the
tablet appears on /dev/input/event3

If you're unsure as to which device your tablet is using, then wacdump should
be able to find it. It is, to be honest, a bit trial and error but you'll
know when you've found it as the readout will look like this:

wacdump v0.5.2

MODEL=Wacom Intuos3 6x8                 ROM=1.0-2
CLS=USB  VNDR=Wacom  DEV=Intuos3  SUB=PTZ-630




TOOLTYPE=NONE                                   IN_PROX=+00000 (+00000 .. +00000)
 BUTTON=+00000 (+00000 .. +00000)          POS_X=+00000 (+00000 .. +40640)
  POS_Y=+00000 (+00000 .. +30480)           ROT_Z=+00000 (-00900 .. +00899)
DISTANCE=+00000 (+00000 .. +00015)      PRESSURE=+00000 (+00000 .. +01023)
 TILT_X=+00000 (+00000 .. +00127)            TILT_Y=+00000 (+00000 .. +00127)
ABSWHEEL=+00000 (+00000 .. +01023)      RELWHEEL=+00000 (-00001 .. +00001)
THROTTLE=+00000 (-01023 .. +01023)

   LEFT=             MIDDLE=              RIGHT=              EXTRA=
   SIDE=              TOUCH=             STYLUS=            STYLUS2=


Once you've setup all the configuration with the correct input device execute

init 5; exit

and you should find yourself in X with a fully working graphics tablet.
Instructions for configuring GIMP 2.2 are the same as in the official HowTo.

Good luck.

regards, Paul

12.8 - Building wacom driver On Suse 9.2

"There are only a few needed changes: use the new
software, throw out an old patch, teach it to use the right 
options for x86_64 compilation, and stop it from
generating symlinks into /usr/include/X11 at compilation
time, and it's done. ". Nico said on Mar 21 2005.

12.9 - Laptop Suspend/Resume Tips

When laptop recovers from suspend/resume, XFree86/X.org no longer
registers the tablet.  The laptop, however, receives all the tablet data 
(I can "cat /dev/input/event2" and see the data).

The only way I know for X to recover the tablet is to restart X.

- Fold the laptop's screen
- Wait 4 or 5 seconds for the tablet's orange LED to extinguish
- Unplug the tablet's USB cable

THEN you can recover the tablet functionalities after resuming the
laptop and repluging the tablet.

However, If you:
- Fold the laptop's screen
- Immediately unplug the tablet's USB cable before the LED extinguishes

THEN you cannot recover the tablet functionalities after resuming the
laptop and replugging the tablet, even if you replug the tablet before 
resuming the laptop.

Therefore, old airline operations apply: Extinguish LEDs before take-off!

-Thomas

12.10 - GNU Free Document License

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

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• H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
• I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
• J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
• K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
• L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
• M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
• N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
• O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

HOW TO USE THIS LICENSE FOR YOUR DOCUMENTS

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

      Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
      under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
      or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
      with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
      A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
      Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.