13.6 §ó§ï±b¸¹

¦b UNIX® ªºÀô¹Ò¤§¤¤´£¨Ñ¤F¦U¦¡¤£¦Pªº«ü¥OºÞ²z¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±b¸¹¡A ¥H¤U¬°¸û±`¨Ï¥Îªº«ü¥OºK­n¤Î§ó¸Ô²Óªº¨Ï¥Î½d¨Ò¡C

«ü¥O ºK­n
adduser(8) ·s¼W¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡C
rmuser(8) ²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡C
chpass(1) §ó§ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¸ê®Æ¡C
passwd(1) §ó§ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±K½X¡C
pw(8) ­×§ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¦UºØ¸ê®Æ¡C

13.6.1 adduser

adduser(8) ¬O¤@¤ä·s¼W¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºÂ²³æµ{¦¡¡C ¥¦·|«Ø¥ß¸ê®Æ©ó¨t²Îªº passwd »P group Àɮפ§¤¤¡C ¦P®É¤]·|«Ø¥ß¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº®a¥Ø¿ý¡A±q /usr/share/skel ½Æ»s¹w³]ªº²ÕºAÀÉ(¡§dotfiles¡¨)¡A ¨Ã¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü©Êªº¶l¥ó³qª¾·s¨Ï¥ÎªÌÅwªï°T®§¡C

Example 13-1. ¦b FreeBSD ¤º·s¼W¨Ï¥ÎªÌ

# adduser
Username: jru
Full name: J. Random User
Uid (Leave empty for default):
Login group [jru]:
Login group is jru. Invite jru into other groups? []: wheel
Login class [default]:
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh nologin) [sh]: zsh
Home directory [/home/jru]:
Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
Enter password:
Enter password again:
Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
Username   : jru
Password   : ****
Full Name  : J. Random User
Uid        : 1001
Class      :
Groups     : jru wheel
Home       : /home/jru
Shell      : /usr/local/bin/zsh
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (jru) to the user database.
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!
#

Note: ±z¿é¤Jªº±K½X¨Ã¤£·|¦^À³¨ì¿Ã¹õ¡A©Ò¥H¤£·|¥H¬P¸¹Åã¥Ü ¡C ½Ð½T©w±z©Ò¿é¤Jªº±K½XµL»~¡C

13.6.2 rmuser

±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î rmuser(8) ¨Ó±N¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±q¨t²Î¤§¤¤§¹¥þ²¾°£ rmuser(8) ·|°õ¦æ¥H¤U°Ê§@:

  1. ²¾°£¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº crontab(1) ¸ê®Æ (¦pªG¦s¦b)¡C

  2. ²¾°£©Ò¦³ÄÝ©ó¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº at(1) ¤u§@¡C

  3. ¤¤¤î©Ò¦³¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¾Ö¦³ªºµ{§Ç¡C

  4. ²¾°£¨t²Î¥»¾÷±K½XÀɤ¤¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¸ê®Æ¡C

  5. ²¾°£¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº®a¥Ø¿ý (¦pªG¬°¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò¦³)¡C

  6. ²¾°£ /var/mail ¤¤ÄÝ©ó¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¶l¥ó¡C

  7. ²¾°£¼È¦sªÅ¶¡ (¦p: /tmp) ¤¤©Ò¦³ÄÝ©ó¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºÀɮסC

  8. ³Ì«á¡A¦b /etc/group Àɤº²¾°£¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±b¸¹¡C

    Note: ­Y¸Ó¸s²Õ¤wµL¦¨­û¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¸s²Õ¦WºÙ»P¸Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¬Û¦P®É¡A «h¸s²Õ±N·|³Q²¾°£¡F ¦¹¾Þ§@·|»P adduser(8) ©Ò«Ø¥ßªº±b¸¹¸s²Õ¬Û¹ïÀ³¡C

rmuser(8) µLªk²¾°£¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹±b¸¹¡A ¦]¬°³o§Y¥NªíÄY­«ªº¯}Ãa¦æ¬°¡C

¬°¤F½T»{±zªº¾Þ§@¡A¹w³]±Ä¤¬°Ê¼Ò¦¡¡C

Example 13-2. rmuser ±b¸¹²¾°£

# rmuser jru
Matching password entry:
jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh
Is this the entry you wish to remove? y
Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? y
Updating password file, updating databases, done.
Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
#

13.6.3 chpass

chpass(1) ¥i§ó§ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¸ê®Æ¦p: ±K½X¡BShell¤Î­Ó¤H¸ê°T¡C

¶È¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ§Y¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹¥i§Q¥Î chpass(1) §ó§ï¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¸ê°T¤Î±K½X

°£¤F«ü©w¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¡A·í¤£¥[°Ñ¼Æ®É¡Achpass(1) ·|±N¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¸ê°TÅã¥Ü©ó½s¿è¾¹·í¤¤¡C ¨Ã©ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌÂ÷¶}½s¿è¾¹®É§ó·s¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¸ê°T¡C

Note: ­Y±z¨Ã«D¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹¡A¦bÂ÷¶}½s¿è¾¹«e·|¸ß°Ý±zªº±K½X¡C

Example 13-3. ¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹ chpass

#Changing user database information for jru.
Login: jru
Password: *
Uid [#]: 1001
Gid [# or name]: 1001
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/jru
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¶È¥i§ó§ï¦Û¤vªº¤Ö³¡¥÷¸ê°T¡C

Example 13-4. ¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ chpass

#Changing user database information for jru.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

Note: chfn(1) »P chsh(1) §Y¬° chpass(1)¡A¤]¦P ypchpass(1)¡Bypchfn(1) »P ypchsh(1)¡C NIS ¤ä´©¬O¦Û°Êªº¡A©Ò¥HµL»Ý¦b«ü¥O«e¥[¤W yp¡C ­Y³o·|§xÂZ±z¡A½Ð¤£¥²¾á¤ß¡AChapter 27 ±N¨ç»\ NIS ªº³¡¥÷ªº»¡©ú¡C

13.6.4 passwd

passwd(1) ¬O§ó§ï±K½X±`¥Îªº¤è¦¡¡A°£¤F¶W¯ÅºÞ²zªÌ¥i§ó§ï¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº±K½X¥~ ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¶È¯à§ó§ï¦Û¤vªº±K½X¡C

Note: ¬°¤FÁ×§K·N¥~©Î¥¼¸g¦P·Nªº­×§ï¡A¦b§ó·s±K½X«e»Ý¿é¤J­ì±K½X¡C

Example 13-5. §ó§ï±zªº±K½X

% passwd
Changing local password for jru.
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

Example 13-6. ¥H¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹¥h§ó§ï¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº±K½X

# passwd jru
Changing local password for jru.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

Note: chpass(1)¡B yppasswd(1) §Y¬° passwd(1)¡A¬Ò¤ä´© NIS¡C

13.6.5 pw

pw(8) ¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡B²¾°£¡B­×§ï¤Î¬d¸ß¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Î¸s²Õ¡C ¨ä¥\¯à§Y¬°¨t²Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Î¸s²ÕÀɮתº«eºÝ¡Cpw(8) ¾Ö¦³¤j¶qªº«ü¥O°Ñ¼Æ ¸û¾A¦X¨Ï¥Î©ó shell script ¤¤¡A¹ï·s¤â¨Ó»¡·|¦¹«ü¥O¸û¨ä¥L«ü¥O½ÆÂø³\¦h¡C

¥»¤å¤Î¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡A¥i¥Ñ¦¹¤U¸ü¡Gftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/¡C

­Y¦³ FreeBSD ¤è­±ºÃ°Ý¡A½Ð¥ý¾\Ū FreeBSD ¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó¡A¦p¤£¯à¸Ñ¨Mªº¸Ü¡A¦A¬¢¸ß <questions@FreeBSD.org>¡C
Ãö©ó¥»¤å¥óªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬¢¸ß <doc@FreeBSD.org>¡C