28.4 ¸Ä±äÄúµÄÓʼþ´«Êä´úÀí³ÌÐò

Written by Andrew Boothman. Information taken from e-mails written by Gregory Neil Shapiro.

¡¡¡¡ÏÈǰÒѾ­Ìáµ½£¬FreeBSD ÖÐµÄ sendmail ÒѾ­°²×°ÁËÄúµÄ MTA (Óʼþ´«Êä´úÀí³ÌÐò)¡£Òò´ËËü¸ºÔð×ÅÄúµÄÊÕ·¢ÓʼþµÄ¹¤×÷¡£

¡¡¡¡È»¶ø£¬»ùÓÚ²»Í¬µÄÀíÓÉ£¬Ò»Ð©ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÔ±ÏëÒª¸Ä±äËûÃÇϵͳµÄ MTA¡£ÕâЩÀíÓÉ´Ó¼òµ¥µÄÏëÒª³¢ÊÔÁíÒ»¸ö MTA£¬µ½ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÌØÊâµÄÌØÐÔ»òÕß package ÒÀÀµÄ³¸öÓʼijÌÐòµÈµÈ¡£ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ£¬²»¹ÜÊÇʲôÀíÓÉ£¬FreeBSD ¶¼ÄÜÈÝÒ׵ĸıäËü¡£

28.4.1 °²×°Ò»¸öÐ嵀 MTA

¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚ¿ÉÓÃµÄ MTA ÄúÓкܶàµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£Ò»¸öºÃµÄ³ö·¢µãÊÇ FreeBSD Ports Collection£¬ÔÚÄÇÀïÄúÄÜÕÒµ½ºÜ¶à¡£ µ±È»Äú¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÈκÎλÖò»ÊÜÈκÎÏÞÖÆµÄʹÓà MTA£¬Ö»ÒªÄúÄÜÈÃËüÔËÐÐÔÚ FreeBSD Ï¡£

¡¡¡¡¿ªÊ¼°²×°ÄúµÄРMTA¡£Ò»µ©Ëü±»°²×°£¬ Ëü¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄúÓлú»áÅж¨ËüÊÇ·ñÄÜÂú×ãÄúµÄÐèÒª£¬ ²¢ÇÒÔÚËü½Ó¹Ü sendmail ֮ǰÈÃÄúÓлú»áÅäÖÃÄúµÄÐÂÈí¼þ¡£ µ±Íê³ÉÕâЩ֮ºó£¬ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÈ·ÐŰ²×°µÄÐÂÈí¼þ²»»á³¢ÊÔ¸ü¸ÄϵͳµÄ¶þ½øÖÆÎļþÀýÈç /usr/bin/sendmail¡£ ³ý´ËÒÔÍ⣬ ÄúµÄÐÂÓʼþÈí¼þÆôÓÃ֮ǰҪÒѾ­ÅäÖúÃËü¡£

¡¡¡¡¾ßÌåÅäÖÃÇë²Î¿¼ÄúËùÑ¡ÔñµÄ MTA Èí¼þµÄÅäÖÃÎĵµ»òÆäËüÏà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ¡£

28.4.2 ½ûÓÃ sendmail

¾¯¸æ: Èç¹ûÄú´òËã½ûÓà sendmail µÄÓʼþ·¢³ö·þÎñ£¬ ±£³ÖϵͳÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÌæ´úËüµÄ¡¢ ¿ÉÓõÄÓʼþµÝËÍϵͳ¾Í·Ç³£ÖØÒª¡£ Èç¹ûÄú²»ÕâÑù×öµÄ»°£¬ ÀàËÆ periodic(8) ÕâÑùµÄϵͳ¹¦ÄܾÍÎÞ·¨ÈçÔ¤ÆÚµÄÄÇÑù£¬ ͨ¹ýÓʼþÀ´´«ËÍÆäÖ´Ðнá¹û¡£ ÄúϵͳÖеÄÐí¶à²¿·Ö¿ÉÄܶ¼¼Ù¶¨ÓпÉÓÃµÄ sendmail-¼æÈÝ ÏµÍ³¡£ Èç¹ûÕâЩӦÓóÌÐò¼ÌÐøÊ¹Óà sendmail µÄÖ´ÐÐÎļþÀ´·¢ËÍÓʼþ£¬ ¶øÄúÓÖ½ûÓÃÁËËü£¬ ÔòÓʼþ½«½øÈë sendmail µÄ·Ç»îÔ¾ (inactive) ¶ÓÁУ¬ ¶øÓÀÔ¶²»»á±»ËÍ´ï¡£

¡¡¡¡Òª³¹µ×½ûÓðüÀ¨ÓʼþËͳö·þÎñÔÚÄÚµÄËùÓÐ sendmail ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ ±ØÐ뽫

sendmail_enable="NO"
sendmail_submit_enable="NO"
sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"
sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"

¡¡¡¡Ð´Èë /etc/rc.conf¡£

¡¡¡¡Èç¹ûÖ»ÊÇÏëҪֹͣ sendmail µÄ½ÓÊÕÓʼþ·þÎñ£¬ ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ /etc/rc.conf ÎļþÖÐÉèÖÃ

sendmail_enable="NO"

¡¡¡¡¸ü¶àµÄÓÐ¹Ø sendmail ¿ÉÓÃµÄÆô¶¯Ñ¡Ï²Î¿´ rc.sendmail(8) Áª»úÊÖ²á.

28.4.3 »úÆ÷Òýµ¼Ê±ÔËÐÐÄúµÄРMTA

¡¡¡¡¿ÉÒÔÏò /etc/rc.conf ÖмÓÈëÅäÖÃÏîʹÐ嵀 MTA ÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±ÔËÐУ¬ ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö postfix µÄÀý×Ó£º

# echo 'postfix_enable=¡°YES¡±' >> /etc/rc.conf

¡¡¡¡ÕâÑù MTA ¾ÍÄÜÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯ÊÇ×Ô¶¯ÔËÐÐÁË¡£

28.4.4 Ìæ»»ÏµÍ³Ä¬ÈϵÄÓʼijÌÐò sendmail

¡¡¡¡ÒòΪ sendmail ³ÌÐòÊÇÒ»¸öÔÚ UNIX® ϵͳÏÂÆÕ±é´æÔÚµÄÒ»¸ö±ê×¼µÄÈí¼þ£¬Ò»Ð©Èí¼þ¾Í¼Ù¶¨ËüÒѾ­±»°²×°²¢ÇÒÅäÖúᣠ»ùÓÚÕâ¸öÔ­Òò£¬Ðí¶àÆäËüµÄ MTA ÌṩÕß¶¼ÌṩÁ˼æÈÝ sendmail µÄÃüÁîÐнçÃæÀ´Ö´ÐС£ ÕâʹËüÃÇÏñ¡°»ìÈ롱sendmail Ò»Ñù±äµÄºÜÈÝÒ×ÕÆÎÕ¡£

¡¡¡¡Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÄúʹÓÃÆäËüµÄÓʼijÌÐò£¬ Äú±ØÐëÈ·¶¨Õâ¸öÈí¼þÊÇÈ¥³¢ÊÔÔËÐбê×¼µÄ sendmail ¶þ½øÖÆ£¬¾ÍÏó /usr/bin/sendmail£¬»¹ÊÇÔËÐÐÄú×Ô¼ºÑ¡ÔñµÄÌæ»»ÓʼijÌÐò¡£ ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ£¬FreeBSD ÌṩÁËÒ»¸öϵͳµ÷Óà mailwrapper(8)£¬ËüÄÜΪÄú×öÕâ¼þ¹¤×÷¡£

¡¡¡¡µ± sendmail °²×°ºó±»ÔËÐУ¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚ /etc/mail/mailer.conf ÖÐÕÒµ½ÈçÏÂÐУº

sendmail	 /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
send-mail	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
mailq		/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
newaliases	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
hoststat	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
purgestat	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail

¡¡¡¡Õâ¸öµÄÒâ˼¾ÍÊǵ±ÕâЩ¹«¹²ÃüÁî (ÀýÈç sendmail Ëü±¾Éí) ÔËÐÐʱ£¬ ϵͳʵ¼ÊÉϵ÷ÓÃÁËÒ»¸ö sendmail Ö¸¶¨µÄ mailwrapper µÄ¸±±¾£¬Ëü¼ì²é mailer.conf ²¢ÇÒÔËÐÐ /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail ×öÎªÌæ´ú¡£µ±Ä¬È쵀 sendmail ¹¦Äܱ»µ÷Ó㬠ϵͳ½«ºÜÈÝÒ׵ĸıäʵ¼ÊÉÏÔËÐеĶþ½øÖÆÎļþ¡£

¡¡¡¡Òò´ËÈç¹ûÄúÏëÒª /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat Ìæ»» sendmail ±»ÔËÐУ¬ÄúÓ¦¸Ã¸Ä±ä /etc/mail/mailer.conf ÎļþΪ£º

sendmail	 /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
send-mail	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
mailq		/usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat
newaliases	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat
hoststat	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat
purgestat	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat

28.4.5 ×îºó

¡¡¡¡Ò»µ©×öÍêÄúÏëÒªÅäÖõÄÿ¼þÊ£¬ÄúÓ¦¸Ãɱµô sendmail ½ø³Ì²¢ÇÒÆô¶¯ÊôÓÚÄúµÄÐÂÈí¼þµÄ½ø³Ì£¬ »òÕß¼òµ¥µÄÖØÆô¡£ ÖØÆôÒ²½«¸øÄúÌṩÁËÈ·ÈÏÄúµÄϵͳÒѾ­½øÐÐÁËÕýÈ·µÄÅäÖõĻú»á¡£ ÔÚÒýµ¼µÄʱºò×Ô¶¯µÄÔËÐÐÄúÐ嵀 MTA¡£

±¾ÎĵµºÍÆäËüÎĵµ¿É´ÓÕâÀïÏÂÔØ£ºftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

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¹ØÓÚ±¾ÎĵµµÄÎÊÌâÇë·¢ÐÅÁªÏµ <doc@FreeBSD.org>.