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% ps
  PID  TT  STAT      TIME COMMAND
  298  p0  Ss     0:01.10 tcsh
 7078  p0  S      2:40.88 xemacs mdoc.xsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
37393  p0  I      0:03.11 xemacs freebsd.dsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
48630  p0  S      2:50.89 /usr/local/lib/netscape-linux/navigator-linux-4.77.bi
48730  p0  IW     0:00.00 (dns helper) (navigator-linux-)
72210  p0  R+     0:00.00 ps
  390  p1  Is     0:01.14 tcsh
 7059  p2  Is+    1:36.18 /usr/local/bin/mutt -y
 6688  p3  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
10735  p4  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
20256  p5  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
  262  v0  IWs    0:00.00 -tcsh (tcsh)
  270  v0  IW+    0:00.00 /bin/sh /usr/X11R6/bin/startx -- -bpp 16
  280  v0  IW+    0:00.00 xinit /home/nik/.xinitrc -- -bpp 16
  284  v0  IW     0:00.00 /bin/sh /home/nik/.xinitrc
  285  v0  S      0:38.45 /usr/X11R6/bin/sawfish

¡¡¡¡ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀïÄú¿É¿´µ½£¬´Ó ps(1) Êä³öµÄÿһÁÐÊÇÓйæÂɵġ£ PID ¾ÍÊǽø³ÌID£¬Õâ¸ö½ÏÔçǰÒÑÌÖÂÛ¹ýÁË¡£ PIDºÅµÄ·ÖÅäÓÉ 1Ò»Ö±ÉÏÉýÖ±µ½99999£¬ µ±ÄúÔËÐе½³¬¹ýÏÞÖÆÊ±£¬ÕâЩ±àºÅ»á»Ø×ª·ÖÅä (ÈÔÔÚʹÓÃÖÐµÄ PID ²»»á·ÖÅ䏸ÆäËû½ø³Ì)¡£ TTÕâÒ»ÁÐÏÔʾÁ˳ÌÐòÔËÐÐËùÔÚµÄÖÕ¶Ë£¬ Ŀǰ¿ÉÒÔ°²È«µØºöÂÔ¡£ STAT ÏÔʾ³ÌÐòµÄ״̬£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ°²È«µØ±»ºöÂÔ¡£ TIMEÊdzÌÐòÔÚCPU´¦Àíʱ¼ä©¤©¤ÔËÐеÄʱ¼äÁ¿£¬ ²¢²»ÊÇÖ¸Äú³ÌÐòÆô¶¯µ½ÏÖÔÚµÄËùÓõÄʱ¼ä¡£ Ðí¶à³ÌÐòÅöÇÉÓöµ½Ä³·½ÃæÔÚËûÃÇ֮ǰҪ»¨·Ñ´óÁ¿CPU´¦Àíʱ¼äʱ£¬ËûÃǾͱØÐëµÈºò¡£ ×îºó£¬ COMMAND ÊÇÔËÐгÌÐòʱʹËùÓõÄÃüÁîÐС£

¡¡¡¡ps(1)Ö§³ÖʹÓø÷ÖÖÑ¡ÏîÈ¥¸Ä±äÏÔʾ³öÀ´µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ ×îÓÐÓõÄÒ»¸ö¾ÍÊÇauxww¡£ aÑ¡ÏîÏÔʾ³öËùÓÐÔËÐнø³ÌµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ ¶ø²»½ö½öÊÇÄúµÄ½ø³Ì¡£ uÑ¡ÏîÏÔʾ³ö½ø³ÌËù¹éÊôµÄÓû§Ãû×ÖÒÔ¼°ÄÚ´æÊ¹Ó㬠x Ñ¡ÏîÏÔʾ³öºǫ́½ø³Ì¡£ ¶ø ww Ñ¡Ïî±íʾΪ ps(1) °Ñÿ¸ö½ø³ÌµÄÕû¸öÃüÁîÐÐÈ«²¿ÏÔʾÍ꣬ ¶ø²»ÊÇÓÉÓÚÃüÁîÐйý³¤¾Í°ÑËü´ÓÆÁÄ»ÉϽØÈ¥¡£

¡¡¡¡ÏÂÃæºÍ´Ótop(1)Êä³öÊÇÀàËÆµÄ£¬Ò»¸öʾÀýʽ¶Ô»°¾ÍÏóÕâÑù×Ó:

% top
last pid: 72257;  load averages:  0.13,  0.09,  0.03    up 0+13:38:33  22:39:10
47 processes:  1 running, 46 sleeping
CPU states: 12.6% user,  0.0% nice,  7.8% system,  0.0% interrupt, 79.7% idle
Mem: 36M Active, 5256K Inact, 13M Wired, 6312K Cache, 15M Buf, 408K Free
Swap: 256M Total, 38M Used, 217M Free, 15% Inuse

  PID USERNAME PRI NICE  SIZE    RES STATE    TIME   WCPU    CPU COMMAND
72257 nik       28   0  1960K  1044K RUN      0:00 14.86%  1.42% top
 7078 nik        2   0 15280K 10960K select   2:54  0.88%  0.88% xemacs-21.1.14
  281 nik        2   0 18636K  7112K select   5:36  0.73%  0.73% XF86_SVGA
  296 nik        2   0  3240K  1644K select   0:12  0.05%  0.05% xterm
48630 nik        2   0 29816K  9148K select   3:18  0.00%  0.00% navigator-linu
  175 root       2   0   924K   252K select   1:41  0.00%  0.00% syslogd
 7059 nik        2   0  7260K  4644K poll     1:38  0.00%  0.00% mutt
...

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