BSD , Ǩ, ͯ

ͰǗ ǹLJ

Ǩ˰͸ ߾ǰ ǟ ͟Ǯ Ǩ ͯ͸ Ǹ d ͤ ͯ͸' Ͱ Ǩ˰͸ ͸ d ͟ǟ ǟ ͟Ǯ ͟ǰ ˰͟ ǟ߾͕ǰ ͤ ͬǰ .% ͪ ͯ ͯ͸ .% ͪ ͯä BSD ͸d ͬǰ ͬù ͟ǟ ͤ Ͱ͠˰ Ǖ, Ǯ, Yahoo! BSD ͸ ͯ d ͬǰ ͯͤ FTP ͭ ftp.cdrom.com BSD ͯ Ͱ Ͱ . ǰ Ͱ d BSD' Ǭ ˟, d BSD Ǩ ˕ͷ ܾLJ Ǖ Ǜd

BSD' ǰ Ǜ ˨ ͯ ? Ͱͨ ͤ ǖ ߬ͤd

Ͱͧ BSD ͯ͸ ͥͯ Ͳǖ d

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1 BSD ?

BSD ͥ Berkley Software Distribution d BSD ͯ˰ͨ߾ ͬͯ, ͕ Õ Ͱ ˰͸ˡ ˝ d AT&T' Ƿͧ ͸ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ͤ ˰͸ˡ ǖ Ǜd 4.4BSD-Lite ˰͸ˡ ͯ Ƕ Ǖ Ǩ˰͸ ǟ ͟Ǯ ͰǕ͟ Ǜd ͰǕ͟ Ǩ˰͸ ͰǕ͟ǰ ߾ ͯ , ͯ Ͳǖ˗ͯ (GNU) ͰǕ͟d ͬ߂ͪ°ͣ BSD ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ͨ

BSD ͨDz

ͨ ͰǸǰ ͯ Ǯ ͟ ͰǸ ǰǓ ߨͤͰ d ܾ Ͱ ͨDzǰ d

ͷ ͯ , ͯ͸ ͨDz ͨDzLJ ˝, ͤ BSD ͨDzǰ ͯ ǰ ͰͯǕǰ LJ ͤͥ Ƕ ͥͯ ͷ d

C Ͱǰ

ǟ ͟Ǯǰ API ǰ ² Ͱd

BSD C Ͱǰ ͤ ͕ ˰͸ˡ , (GNU) ͰǕ͟ǰ ˡ Ǖ d

ͨ ߾

ͬª Dz, , ͪ, ͕ ͯd Ƕ ߾ ߾ Ǜ GNU ͰǕ͟ Ǖ, d

X WINDOW

Ͱͯ ͪ ͯ ͧ (GUI)d

BSD' X WINDOW ͯä d XFree86 ͪ°ͣ ͨ ͰǕ͟ǰ d

2 ͸!!! ǟ ?

BSD ǟ ͟Ǯ ˨ ͸ Ͳ˨ d ͭ¤ Ǜ AT&T' Ƿͧ ͸ ǟ ͟Ǯ ǰ ǰ UNIX System V' °ͬ°d ͚ͯ, Ƿ AT&T ǰ ˰͸ˡ Ǩ˰͸ Ǭ ͮͤ ߨd

ͯ AT&T ͸ ˨ Ǩ˰͸ ߾ d ǰ ͤ BSD'Ǔ ͸ d ͤ Ͱäͷ AT&T ǰ ͸ ͯ˰ͨ߾ ͬͯ, ͕ͥ ͪ Ǩ͸ ͚ Ͱǰ ˰͸ˡ ͯ Ǜd Ǖ CSRG ǰ ߾ǰ Ǫ ܤ ߾˰ ߾ Berkley Software Distribution BSDd

Ͱ BSD' ߾ d ͤ LJ ͥ ͤ Defence Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) CSRG' ͤ ͪ d ͤ CSRG' DARPA' ǟ߾͕ Ͱ˕ ARPANET Ͱǡ ߿ͬ ͤd Ͱ˕ ͟ǟ Ͱ˕d ͤ Ͱ˕ǰ TCP/IPd TCP/IP ͟ǟ Ͱ˕ǰ ͬ°ͣ d ͬ߂ͪ°ͣ ǟ ͟Ǯ Ǭ BSD' ͯ ͯä Ǜ, 4.2 BSD' ; ǰ d

Ƕ ߾͕͟Ƕ ˮͪ d ǰ ǕLJ ͬ ǟ ͟Ǯ Ȱ ͸LJ ǰ ͪǰ ͯ Ǩ͸ d Ƿ Ͱ˸͟Ǯ ͸ Ǩ͸ 4.2 BSD' ͤ SunOS Ȱ d AT&T LJ ͸ ͯ Ͱ , Ͱ System III LJ System V d System V' ˨ ǟ߾͕ ˡ , Ͱ ͕LJ BSD' ߾ ͤͭͤ d ͯ Ͳǖ˗ͯ TCP/IP ߾, csh Dz VI d BSD Ǖ ߾ ߾˕ Ͱ Berkeley Extensionsd

BSD' ߾ Ǫ AT&T' ˰͸ˡ ͸ ˰͸ Ǩ͸ǰ Ͱ˜ d ǰ ǖ Dz CSRG' ͥͥ Ͱ Ƿ ͪ°ͣ BSD ͰǕ͟ ͧ ߾ Ͱd ͥ Ͱǰ ͯ AT&T' ˰͸ˡǰ ͟ Ͱǰ ͯ˗ d Ͳǖͯ , BSD' ˡǰ ͬ Ǩ˰͸d Ƿ ǟ߾͕ Ǫ , NET/2 , Ͱǰ ͯ ˰͸ˡ Ͱǰ ͯ˗ ͤ߿ d Net/2 ˨ ͬ߂ͪ°ͣ ǟ ͟Ǯ , Net/2' ͨDz Ǖ Ͱ % ˡ ߾ Ǜd CSRG' ͯ ߾ ˲ ͟ ˡ ǖǨ Ͱ 386BSD Ͱ Ǩd CSRG' Ͱͤ ͯͯǰ Ͱ Berkley Software Design Inc ˮͪ Ǩ Net/2' ˰͸ˡǰ ͤ BSD/386 ǰ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ǟ ͕ Ͱ Ǩd ǟ ͟Ǯ ͬ BSD/OS d

ǟ ͟Ǯ ͰǕ͟ Ǭ 386BSD ܾ Ǩd ͰǕ͟ Ǖ ǰ NetBSD FreeBSD ǟ ͟Ǯ ͰǕ͟ǰ š d ² 386BSD' ͨ ͯ Ǖ Ǖͷ ߾LJ ͰǕ͟ǰ ͭ d NetBSD ͰǕ͟ǰ Ͱ ǰ Ͱ ǰ Ƿ Ͱ FreeBSD' Ͱ ͕d ǰ ͰǕ͟ ˰͸ˡ Ƕ ͥͯ ǖ ǰ ¤ ߨd ܾ ͰǕ͟ ˰ ͷͯ ͨ, ˚ Ǜd NetBSD ͰǕ͟ Ǖ Ǖ ǰ LJ š OpenBSD ͰǕ͟d

3 BSD Ǩ ?

Ƕ BSD Ǖͷä ͯ

  1. BSD ǭDz ͷǤͰLJ BSD' Ͱǰ BSD' ˰͸ˡǰ ͨ LJ Ƕ ˯˗d

  2. ͯ͸ǰ ͯ ͯ Ͱäͷ ͯ͸ͤ ͰǕ͟ , ͰͰ ͯ͸ͤ Ǭ Ͱ ͨ Ͱ͠d °ͬ ͯͤ Ǩ˰͸ BSD ˰ ǰ ˨ ͥ d

  3. BSD ǭDz ͯ͸ ǭDzǰ Ǖ Ƕ ͞d BSD' Ƕ ͯ˗ͯ ͯ ǰ Ͱ d ͯǰ ͯ͸ ͯ Ƕ d

  4. BSD/386 ͰǤ BSDi ͧ AT&T ǰ d AT&T ˗ , ǰ ä ˰͸ˡ BSD/386 ͯ ͛d Ƿ ͷ ˤ ̛ AT&T Ͱͯ d ͤ ͕ ǕLJ ܾ BSD Ǖ ° d °ͬ Ͱ ͚ Ǭ Ͱ Ͱͧ ǖ ͪͤ Ǜ  ͪͰ d

    ͯ ͯ ͕ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ d BSD BSD ͸ Ǭd AT&T' ˡǰ Ƿ ͨ ߾ ͸ ǰ Ͱ BSD' ˨ d LJ ǰ ǖ Ǩ the 4.3BSD UNIX operating system the 4.4BSD operating system d

  5. Ǖǰ ͯ , BSD ͰǕ͟ ͡͡ Ǧǰ ͯ ͤd ߾ ͟Ͱ ͨ BSD ͰǕ͟˰   Ǜd , ² ͤ Ǜd

4 BSD ͯ͸

BSD' ͯ͸ǰ ˨ ͟Ͱ, Ǯ Debian ͯ͸ǰ ͥͯ ˥ ? ͯǰ ͯ ͥͯ LJ ; ˇ ͸ ǟ ͟Ǯd ܾ LJ ͪ°ͣ ͰǕ͟ǰ d ( ͯ Ǖ ͯ͸ ͟Ͱǰ ͷǤͰ ͯ Ͱ˜ͯ )d ͤ ͛Ǧ BSD' ͨ ȶͯ͟ ͣ ͯ͸ǰ d ͣ Ͱ˜ͯ FreeBSD' ͷǤͰ; NetBSD OpenBSD' Ǔ ͥͯ Ƕ d

4.1 BSD ?

Ͱͨ ; BSD ˨ ͯͤ Ͱ͠ǰ ͪͤ d BSD ͨߨ Ͱ ߿ͬ ˜ Ǜ åͯ ܿ ͯͤ ͚Ͱͤ ͪͨ͞ ͮǦ ǰ d BSD' ͯͯ Ǩ˰͸ ͰǕ͟ǰ Ȱ d

4.2 BSD ͨߨ ͰͰ߾

BSD ͨDz˰ ͨߨ ͰͰ߾ Ǩ˰͸ ߾ Ȱ ͧ d ͰͯǕ ͰǕ͟ ǰ ͤ ˰͸ˡ CVS ͯ ͯ ͮͤ d BSD ߕ ǖǖ ͯͯ Ͱ͗ BSD ˰͸ǰ d CVS ͯ ͦ ˰͸ǰ Ǖ˨ ͕ ˡ Ǩd

åͯ ͯ ͯͤ BSD' ͨߨǰ Ǜ Ǩd ǰ ˟ ͤ ߃

͟Ͱ

˰͸ˡ ͨ ǖ ˜d BSD ˰͸ ͤǰ ͟Ͱǰ LJd ˨ ͷ ͮ Ǭ Ǭ ͟Ͱǰ BSD ˰͸ǰ ͤͭͤ d

BSD ˰͸ ͤ Ǩd ͷǤͰ Ƿ͟ ˗ͯͪͨ LJ Ǭ ߾ d

˨ ߿ͬ BSD ˰͸ ͤ Ǩ ǚ ͭd ߾ ˨ ͭ ͞ ǰ ͮ ߾ Ͱ˜ ˧ Ǩ d ͬª Ǩ͟Ƕ ͰǕ͟ǰ Ǖ˨ ͯ ˧ Ǩ, ͯ ͯͯ ǰ ͮ ߾ ͥd ͯ ǭDz ͘߾ Ͱ Dz ͷ ˨ ͤ Ǩ ˗ Ǩ ͷ ͯ ǰ Ƕ Ͱ ߮d ͷǤͰ ͯ –ͯ ªǖ Ͱߨ (Principal Architect) ߿ͬͰͤ ǨͦͰ ͯ ˨ ǰ ͤ Ǩ; ͯ Backing Outd BSD ˰͸ ˨ ͤ ͰͯǕ LJ LJ ͯ d ˪ ˨ ͤ ͭ d

Core Team ǨͦͰ

FreeBSD NetBSD ͰǕ͟ǰ ͬ ǨͦͰ Ǜ, ǰ ߿ͬ ͰǕ͟ǰ Ͱ ǖ˨ d ǨͦͰ ® ˨ ͦ͟, ˷ ͡ ͧ d ǭDz ǨͦͰ ͯ ͬ ; ͰͯǕ ͯLJ ǭDz ˨ LJd ͨ BSD ͰǕ͟ǰ ǨͦͰ ® ͥͯ Ǔ Ͱ ͰǕ͟ǰ ͦǶ Ǖͷ ǨͦͰ ͯǰ ²ͯ Ǖ Ƕd

BSD ͰǕ͟˰ ǰ ͧ ͯ͸ǰ Ƕ ͥͯ Ǜ

  1. ͪ°ͨ ͰͰ߾ ˨ ͯͤ ߨͤͰ d ͯ ͯ ˨ ͥͯ , BSD ͰǕ͟ǰ –ͯ ªǖ Ͱߨ (Chief Architect) ǰ Ǖ˨ ͤ Ǩd ܾ ͯ͸ǰ ͷǤͰǓ Ƕ ͯͤ ˰͸ˡ ͤǰ d

  2. BSD ˰͸ ǨͦͰ߭ ͷ d Ͱ ǕLJ Ͱ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ Ǖ˨ ͕ ߾ d

  3. Ͱ ͨDz ͪ°ͨ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ǛLJ BSD ͰǕ͟ d ˨ , ͯǶ ߾ ܾ ͯ͸ BSD ˨ ǰ ˨ d BSD' ͯä ͯǶ ߾ Ͱ߶ ͯ͸Ǔ ͯä d

  4. ߮ͤͰ Ͱ CVS ͯ BSD' ͨߨ ͰͰ߾ Ƕ d Ͱ Ͱǰ ͕ š ͯ ͯ LJ Ǖ˨ BSD ˰͸ ǰ d CVS ͯ Ͱ Ͱ BSD ˰͸ ͤ d ͤǰ ͯ ͷͰd

Ͱ BSD ͰǕ͟ ǰ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ Ͱǰ ͕ Ͱ d ͯ͸ǰ Ͱ ͕ ͯ ͦǶ , Ǯ .. .d ܾ ͕š ͯ Ƿ ͦ ˗ ߃

  1. ͤ ͕ ͨߨǰ ͯ , CURRENTd FreeBSD ͰǕ͟ CURRENT °ͬ ͯ , Ǯ FreeBSD 0.5-CURRENTd NetBSD ͰǕ͟ǰ ͧ ͨ; ͯͤ ͤ ˝˰ ͯ ͰǕ͟ ͕ š ͯ Ƿ ͷ ˗ , Ǯ - NetBSD 1.4.3Gd OpenBSD ͰǕ͟ ˨ ͕ š ͯ ͯä ߨ, Ǯ - OpenBSD-currentd BSD' ͤ ˗ CURRENT ͕LJ Ͱ ͤͭ•ͤ d

  2. Ͱ ͦ͟ ͤ Ǖ Ͱ BSD ͰǕ͟ ǰ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ RELEASE ͕ Ͱ d ͕ ߾ FTP ǕǓ ˡ d RELEASE OpenBSD 2.6-RELEASE NetBSD 1.4-RELEASEd RELEASE ͕ Ͱ ͯǰ ͯ ͬǕͷ Ƕ ͯä d NetBSD ͰǕ͟ ǰ ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ͯ (Patch) ͕ Ͱ d ͕ǰ ǰ Ƿ ä ͯ ͯä , Ǯ - NetBSD 1.4.2

  3. RELEASE ͕ (BUG) ߾ Dz ˧ CVS ͥ ² BSD ˰͸ǰ ͤͭͤ d BSD ͕ ߾ FreeBSD ͷǤͰ STABLEd NetBSD OpenBSD' ͷǤͰ RELEASE d ͦ͟ CURRENT ͕ ͷͷ Ǖ RELEASE ͕Ǔ ˗ d

4.3 BSD' ǰ

ͯ͸ ͟Ͱǰ ͯ Ǖ Ǔ Ǩ˰͸ BSD' ͯ Ͱ d Ͱ BSD ͰǕ͟ǰ ͬ ˰͸ Ͱ ͨDz Ǜd ͯ ͯ ǖ ͨ ͯ͸ ͯä ͯǶ ߾ ͥͯ Ǜ, ͨ BSD' ͯä ͯǶǰ ͥͯ ǕǓ d

ͨ BSD ͰǕ͟ǰ ͷͯ ͦǶͯ Dz å Ƕ d ² ͯ Ǖ

  • FreeBSD' ͷͯ ͚ͷ ͯ˗ͯd ͟ǟͤ ͥ˰ Ƿ Ͱd ͪͯ ͪ˰Ƕǰ ͪ FreeBSD d ͯͯ BSD Ǖ FreeBSD ͯ ͯ Ǖ Ƕd

  • NetBSD ͰǕ͟ǰ ͷͯ ͨ Dzǰ ͪ ǰ ǟ ͟Ǯ ; ǰ ²ͤͰ of course it runs NetBSD ͥ ͚ NetBSD ͪ d ˟͟ Ǖ ͤ ܮǰ ͭ - LJ NetBSD d (NASA) ͤÕ ˯Ǔ NetBSD ͯä Ǜd Ƿ ǰ Ǹ ͪ ͟Dz ͰǸ ͯ , Ǹ ˰ ͯ NetBSD ǟ ͟Ǯd

  • OpenBSD' ͷͯ ͛Ͱ ͤ ˰͸ˡǰ ͭ²d Ǩ˰͸ ͤ ǰ ͤ ˰͸ˡ ͷ OpenBSD' ͤ ͭ Ͱ ͬä ͯd ͯ ͤ ͯ Ƿ Ǥ ͨ Ͱ͠, Ǯ - ͯ, ߾ , ͕ ͤ - ǰ OpenBSD Ƿ äd NetBSD' OpenBSD Ƕ Dzǰ ͪ ͷd

ܾ Ǩ˰͸ Ǜ BSDd BSD/OS ͯ ͪ˰Ƕǰ Mac OS X

  • 4.4 BSD Ǖ ͭ ǟ ͟Ǯ˰ ͯ BSD/OS Ͱd Ǩ˰͸ , ͤ Ƕ ͪ LJ ˰͸ˡ Ǩ͸ Ǩ d FreeBSD' BSD/OS Ͱ Ǜd

  • ͯ ͪ ͪ˰Ƕǰ ͯ͟ ͪ ͯä ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ͬǷ ͕ MacOS Xd ǟ ͟Ǯ ͨDz ͯ ͯͯ Ǩ˰͸ d ͯ ͪ˰Ƕǰ Ͱ Ǖ ǭDzǰ FreeBSD ˰͸ˡ ͤǰ Ǜd

4.4 BSD (GNU) Ǩ͸ǰ ͥͯ

ͯ͸ǰ Ǩ͸ GNU General Public License GPLd GPL ͦǶͯ Ǩ˰͸ ǰ ߾ ǁ d GPL ߾ǰ ͤ ͮ ˨ ߾ǰ ˰͸ˡ Ͱ ߾ ͮ ͯd ͤ BSD Ǩ͸ ˰ d BSD Ǩ͸ ͯ ߾ǰ Ͱ ͪ͡ ͕ Ͱ ͭd Ƿ Embedded ͯǶǰ ͯ ͯͥ d

4.5

ǹǤ BSD' ͷ ͯǶ ߾ǰ ͯ ͯ͸ Ǖͷ , BSD ǭDz BSD'LJ ͯ͸ǰ ߾ ͯ ͯǜ Ȱ ǛǨd ͯǜǰ ͯ͸ǰ C Ͱǰ BSD ͨDz Ͱ˜ ͤǰ ͯͥd ͤǰ BSD ͨDz ͯ͸ǰ ͟Ǯ d BSD ͯ ͪ ͯ͸ ͯ ͪ ͯ͸ ͤ ͯǶ ߾ ߾ ͜ͷ Ǯ ˨ ͥͯ ͷ d

ͯ͸ǰ BSD' Ͱǡ Ǖͷä d Ͱ BSD ǟ ͟Ǯ Ͱ ˷͠ ߨͤͰ, ͯ ͨ ͯ͸ ͟Ͱ ͨ ˷͠ Ͱ͠ǰ ߨͤͰd BSD' Ͱǰ Ͱ °ͬͤ Ͱǰ ͯ ͤ ߾ d Ǖ ǰ ߾ ˨ ͯ ܾ d

4.6 BSD, ͯ͸ ͯ ?

BSD ͯ͸ǰ ͨ ͥͯ Ǔ ͤ Ͱ ? BSD ͯ ͯ͸ ͯ ?

Ͱͨǰ ߾ d ǰ Ͷ ߤ ͯ ǃ

  • °ͤ ˨ Ǩ˰͸ ǟ ͟Ǯ ͯ ͤ͟ Ǩ, ͤǰ Ǜ Ǯ ˨ ͤ LJd

  • BSD ǟ ͟Ǯ˰ ͯ Ƿ FreeBSD ͯ ͯ͸ Ǖͷ Ƕ ߾ ͭd ͷǤͰ ͯ d ͯ͸ ߤ FreeBSD ǕǓ d

  • ͭ˗ͯ ͯ BSD ǟ ͟Ǯ˰ ͘ǰ ͯ d ˰͸ˡ ͘ ͯ ͞ Ͱ ² d

  • BSD Ǩ͸ ǕͷǤͰLJ GPL Ǩ͸ Ǖͷ d

  • ͯ͸ǰ ߾ BSD' DzǓ ͟˟ ͯ d ǟ ͟Ǯǰ ߾ BSD' ߾ǰ ͯ ͯ͸ ǕǓ Ƕd

4.7 BSD Ͱͤ Ǭ Ͱͷ

BSDi ߇ BSD/OS Ͱͤ Ǭ Ǜd ͪͰ FreeBSD ͤ Ǭ ߾ ˷ Ǜd

ܾ FreeBSD, NetBSD OpenBSD' ͯ Ͷ Ǩ ͯͤǰ ͰͯǕ ͰǕ͟ǰ Ǖ ߾ d