
///\file "hadronic/Hadr02/.README.txt"
///\brief Example Hadr02 README page

/*! \page ExampleHadr02 Example Hadr02

Example and DMJET: 
\author V.Ivanchenko, A.Ivanchenko,  \n
UrQMD: Kh Abdel-Waged et al, A. Dotti \n
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland \n
Geant4 Associate International \n
University of Bordeaux, CENBG/IN2P3/CNRS \n
(ESA contract 22712/09/NL/AT)

This example application is providing simulation of ion beam interaction with different 
targets. Hadronic aspects of beam target interaction are demonstrated in the example 
including longitudinal profile of energy deposition, spectra of secondary  particles,
isotope production spectra. The results are presenting in a form of average numbers 
and histograms. All ion/ion models of Geant4 are available and also the interface to
the FORTRAN code DPMJET-2.5 developed by J.Ranft for FLUKA. The interface was developed
by P.Truscott (QinetiQ, UK) under European Space Agency (ESA) contract 19770/06/NL/JD.
In addition an interface to the FORTRAN code UrQMD-1.3rc developed by Kh, Abdel-Waged et al
for the KACST/NCMP. UrQMD model by S.A.Bass et al. Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys. 41 (1998) 225
and M.Bleicher et al. J.Phys. G25 (1999) 1859.
UrQMD can be used only for ion-ion physics or for all hadronic inelastic interactions.


\section Hadr02_s1 INSTALLATION

For simulation with Geant4 native models installation procedure is the same as for 
other examples.

\subsection Hadr02_sub_s11 ACTIVATION OF DPMJET INTERFACE

In order to use DPMJET additional installation steps are required.
It is recommended to use DPMJET with SLC5 64 bit PC with gcc4.3.2 or newer compiler. 

Two environment variables should be defined:

\verbatim
G4DPMJET2_5DATA - path to Glauber data
CERNLIB         - path to cernlib library
G4_USE_DPMJET   - flag of DPMJET activation
\endverbatim

To run the example with DPMJET:

\verbatim
Hadr02 dpmjet.in QGSP_BIC
\endverbatim

The last parameter is optional. It is the name of Geant4 reference Physics List on
top of which a new ion physics is added. Alternatively Physics List can be defined via 
environment variable

\verbatim
setenv PHYSLIST QGSP_BIC
\endverbatim

\subsection Hadr02__sub_s12 ACTIVATION OF URQMD INTERFACE

UrQMD 1.3 FORTRAN code is NOT provided with Geant4 code-base.
You can get UrQMD code from UrQMD code website: http://urqmd.org
The Geant4 interface has been developed and tested against urqmd-1.3cr
Once the tarball urqmd-1.3cr.tar.gz has been downloaded copy it in the 
urqmd1_3 directory of this example.
To compile support for UrQMD interface in the example define the environment
variable G4_USE_URQMD. i.e. by typing:

\verbatim
setenv G4_USE_URQMD 1
\endverbatim

Two possible uses of UrQMD interface are possible: use UrQMD code only for
ion-ion interactions or use the provided UrQMD physics list (all hadron inelastic interactions
use UrQMD).
To run the example with UrQMD only for ion-ion physics:

\verbatim
Hadr02 urqmd.in QGSP_BIC
\endverbatim

The last parameter is optional. It is the name of Geant4 reference Physics List on
top of which a new ion physics is added. Alternatively Physics List can be defined via 
environment variable

\verbatim
setenv PHYSLIST QGSP_BIC
\endverbatim

To run the example with the full UrQMD physics:

\verbatim
Hadr02 default.in UrQMD
\endverbatim
or:
\verbatim
setenv PHYSLIST UrQMD
Hadr02 default.in
\endverbatim

UrQMD physics list can be used in any application, releavant headers and source files (*UrQDM*)
should be copied in your application source tree, together with the urqmd1_3 sub-directory.
Your application makefile should also be modified following the example of the makefile for this 
example.

\section Hadr02_s2 GEOMETRY

The Target volume is a cylinder placed inside Check cylindrical volume. The 
Check volume is placed inside the World volume. The radius and the length of
the Check volume are 1 mm larger than the radius and the length of the Target.
The material of the Check volume is the same as the World material. The World
volume has the sizes 10 mm larger than that of the Target volume. Any material
from the Geant4 database can be defined. The default World  material is
G4Galactic and the default  Target material is aluminum. The Target is
subdivided on number of equal slices. Following UI commands are available to
modify the geometry:

\verbatim
/testhadr/TargetMat     G4_Pb
/testhadr/WorldMat      G4_AIR
/testhadr/TargetRadius  10 mm
/testhadr/TargetLength  20 cm
/testhadr/NumberDivZ    200
\endverbatim

Beam direction coincides with the target axis and is Z axis in the global
coordinate system. G4ParticleGun is used as a primary generator. The energy 
and the type of the beam can be defined via standard UI commands

\verbatim
/gun/energy   150 GeV
/gun/particle ion
/gun/ion 6 12
\endverbatim

Default beam position is -(targetHalfLength + 5*mm) and direction along Z axis.
Beam position and direction can be changed by gun UI commands:

\verbatim
/gun/position  1 10 3 mm
/gun/direction 1 0 0
\endverbatim

however, position command is active only if before it the flag is set

\verbatim
/testhadr/DefaultBeamPosition false   
\endverbatim
 
\section Hadr02_s3 SCORING

The scoring is performed with the help of UserStackingAction class and a
sensitive detector class associated with a target slice. 
Each secondary particle is scored by the StackingAction.  In
the StackingAction it is also possible to kill all or only EM (e+, e-, gamma)
secondary particles 

\verbatim
/testhadr/killAll     
/testhadr/KillEM  
\endverbatim

To control running the following options are available:

\verbatim
/run/printProgress      10
\endverbatim


\section Hadr02_s4 PHYSICS

PhysicsList of the application uses components, which are distributed with
Geant4 in /geant4/physics_lists subdirectory. 

Reference Physics Lists are used and the environment variable PHYSLIST should 
be defined. 

Additionally it is possible to add ion-ion interactions using UI command

\verbatim
/testhadr/ionPhysics   DPMJET
/testhadr/ionPhysics   FTF
\endverbatim


\section Hadr02_s5 VISUALIZATION

For interactive mode G4 visualization options and variables should be
defined, then the example should be recompiled:

\verbatim
gmake visclean
gmake
\endverbatim

The vis.mac file can be used an example of visualization. The following command can 
be used:

\verbatim
/testhadr/DrawTracks  charged
/testhadr/DrawTracks  charged+n
/testhadr/DrawTracks  neutral
/testhadr/DrawTracks  all
\endverbatim


\section Hadr02_s6 HISTOGRAMS

It is possible to choose the format of the output file with 
histograms using UI command:

\verbatim
/testhadr/HistoName   name
/testhadr/HistoType   type
\endverbatim

The following types are available: root, xml(aida). They will be
stored in the file "name.root", or "name.xml".
If the environment variable HISTODIR is defined, files are stored in this 
subdirectory.

To show the content of a histogram ID=i the commands may be applied:

\verbatim
/testhadr/HistoPrint  i
\endverbatim

All histograms are normalized to the number of events.

*/
