The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico, by Ticul Alvarez This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico Author: Ticul Alvarez Release Date: April 4, 2012 [EBook #39372] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RECENT MAMMALS *** Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs. May 20, 1963 The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México BY TICUL ALVAREZ UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1963 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library, which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History, which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing. * An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows: Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950. *Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948. Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951. *2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June 29, 1951. 3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October 10, 1951. 4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951. Index. Pp. 651-681. *Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951. Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953. *Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952. Vol. 7. Nos. 1-15 and index. Pp. 1-651, 1952-1955. Vol. 8. Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956. Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955. 2. Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955. 3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955. 4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104, 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956. 5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956. 6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures in text. May 19, 1956. 7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956. 8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae, with description of a new subspecies from North China. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 table. August 15, 1956. 9. Extension of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956. 10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957. 11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. January 21, 1957. 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, 7 figures in text. February 21, 1958. 13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958. 14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, 1958. 15. New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, 1958. 16. Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text. May 20, 1959. 17. Distribution, variation, and relationships of the montane vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 415-511, 12 figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959. 18. Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie. Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14, 1960. 19. Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central America, with description of a new subspecies from Nicaragua. By Sydney Anderson and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 519-529. January 14, 1960. 20. Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), Nuevo León, México. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960. 21. Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960. 22. Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960. 23. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 figures in text. June 16, 1960. Index. Pp. 671-690. (Continued on inside of back cover) UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs. May 20, 1963 The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México BY TICUL ALVAREZ UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1963 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Volume 14, No. 15, pp. 363-473, 5 figs. Published May 20, 1963 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1963 29-4228 The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México BY TICUL ALVAREZ CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 365 PHYSIOGRAPHY 366 CLIMATE 368 AFFINITIES OF TAMAULIPAN MAMMALS 370 PLANT-MAMMAL RELATIONSHIPS 371 BARRIERS AND ROUTES OF MOVEMENT 376 HISTORY OF MAMMALOGY 379 CONSERVATION 381 METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 384 GAZETTEER 386 CHECK-LIST 388 ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES 393 LITERATURE CITED 467 INTRODUCTION From Tamaulipas, the northeasternmost state in the Mexican Republic, 146 kinds of mammals, belonging to 72 genera, are here reported. Mammals that are strictly marine in habit are not included. The state is crossed in its middle by the Tropic of Cancer. Elevations vary from sea level on the Golfo de México to more than 2700 meters in the Sierra Madre Oriental; most of the state is below 300 meters in elevation. Its area is 79,602 square kilometers (30,732 square miles). Tamaulipas, meaning "lugar en que hay montes altos" (place of high mountains), was explored in 1516 by the Spaniard Francisco Fernández de Córdoba, but it was not until the 18th century that José de Escandón established several villages in the new province of Nueva Santender from which, in the time of Iturbide's Empire, Tamaulipas was separated as a distinct political entity, with about the same boundaries that it now has. My first contact with the state of Tamaulipas, as a mammalogist, was in 1957, when in company with Dr. Bernardo Villa R. I visited the Cueva del Abra in the southern part of the state. On several occasions since then I have been in the state, especially when employed by the Dirección General de Caza of the Mexican Government. In 1960-1962 I had the opportunity of studying the mammalian fauna of Tamaulipas at the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas. The approximately 2000 specimens there represent many critical localities, but are not sufficient to make this report as complete as could be desired. Consequently the following account should be considered as a contribution to the knowledge of the mammals of México and is offered in the hope that it will stimulate future studies of the Mexican fauna, especially that of the eastern region. PHYSIOGRAPHY Tamaulipas can be divided into three physiographic regions, which from east to west are Gulf Coastal Plain, Sierra Madre Oriental, and Central Plateau or Mexican Plateau (Fig. 1). Gulf Coastal Plain This physiographic region covers most of the state and extends northward into Texas and a short distance southward into Veracruz. According to Tamayo (1949) and Vivo (1953), the Gulf Coastal Plain is formed by sedimentary rocks from Mesozoic to Pleistocene in age. The most common type of soil is Rendzin, especially in the coastal area. Elevations range from sea level to 300 meters. The area is in general a flat plain inclined to the sea but this plain is broken by several small sierras. The more important of these are the Sierra de Tamaulipas, which rises to more than 1000 meters, and the Sierra San Carlos, which has a maximum elevation of approximately 1670 meters. The Sierra de San José de las Rucias is smaller. Sierra Madre Oriental This physiographic region is represented in Tamaulipas by a small part of the long Sierra Madre Oriental that extends from the Big Bend area in Texas southward to the Trans-volcanic Belt of central México. The Sierra Madre Oriental is in the southwestern part of Tamaulipas. The Sierra was formed by folding of the Middle and Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits that now are 400 to 2700 meters in elevation. In general, the soils are Chernozems. This physiographic region is situated between the other two physiographic regions in Tamaulipas and represents a barrier to the distribution of some tropical mammals on the one hand and to those from the Mexican Plateau on the other. [Illustration: FIG. 1. Three physiographic regions: 1 Coastal Plain; 2 Sierra Madre Oriental; 3 Central Plateau.] Central Plateau This physiographic region, commonly termed the Mexican Plateau, occupies only a small area of Tamaulipas in its southwesternmost part. The plateau is approximately 900 meters above sea level. In general, the Mexican Plateau was formed by Cretaceous sediments. The most common type of soil is Chestnut. CLIMATE Owing to the differences in elevations and varying distances from the sea, the climate of Tamaulipas is varied. Tamayo (1949), following the Koeppen System, assigned to Tamaulipas 10 different climate types that result principally from differences in temperature, precipitation, and humidity. Temperature The annual mean temperature for the lands less than 1000 meters in elevation, which make up most of the state, is between 20° and 25° C.; and the difference in monthly means is 5° C. In the areas above 1000 meters, the annual mean is between 15° and 20° C., and the difference in the monthly means is 15° C. The maximum temperature recorded in the state is 45° C. in the region of Ciudad Victoria, between the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra San Carlos, and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Minima recorded are between O° and 5° C. on the southeastern coast, O° to -5° C. between 98° 20´ long. and 99° 00´ long., and -5° to -10° C. in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Precipitation Rainfall varies seasonally and can be described as follows: In January it amounts to 25 to 50 mm. in the coastal region and 10 to 25 mm. in the rest of the state. In April there is more than 25 mm. to the north of about 23° north latitude, 10 to 25 mm. in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Sierra Madre Oriental, and less than 10 mm. in the extreme southwestern part of the state. In July rainfall amounts to less than 25 mm. in Nuevo Laredo and San Fernando, is from 25 to 50 mm. in the northeastern and central parts of the state, 50 to 100 mm. in the Sierra San Carlos and Sierra Madre Oriental, and 100 to 200 mm. in the area south of Soto la Marina and east of the Sierra Madre Oriental. In October rainfall is less than 50 mm. in the northern half of the state, including the Sierra de Tamaulipas, and 50 to 100 mm. in the rest of the state, except on the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental and in the area near Tampico, which receive between 100 and 200 mm. The number of rainy days per year varies from 60 to 90 at Sierra San Carlos, Sierra Madre Oriental, and in the lowlands south of 23° north latitude; the rest of the state has about 60 rainy days, excepting the Mexican Plateau, which has fewer than 60. Although Tamayo (1949) followed the Koeppen System in classifying types of climate and thereby recognized 10 different kinds of climate in Tamaulipas, these can be grouped into three major categories as follows: Steppe Dry Climate (Clima Seco de Estepa) This kind of climate can be divided into two categories based on the average annual temperature. _Warm_ The average annual temperature exceeds 18° C. but the mean of the coolest month is less than 18° C. This sub-climate is characterized by a short rainy season in summer and occurs on the west side of the southern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental and on the Mexican Plateau; it occurs also in the area northwest of Reynosa and on the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental but in these areas the rainfall is irregularly distributed in the year. _Cool_ The average annual temperature is less than 18° C. but the mean of the warmest month exceeds 18° C. This sub-climate occurs only on the west side of the northern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Moderate Rainy Temperature Climate (Clima Templado Moderato Lluvioso) This type of climate is characterized by the coolest month having a temperature of between -3° and 18° C. In the northeastern and central parts of Tamaulipas, including the Sierra de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Gómez Farías, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, and Llera, the average temperature of the warmest month is less than 22° C.; the winters are dry and not rigorous, and the wettest month has ten times as much rain as the driest. In the Sierra San Carlos the average temperature of the warmest month is less than 22° C., and the rainy season is in the autumn. Tropical Rainy Climate (Clima Tropical Lluvioso) This climate is characterized by the average temperature of all months being above 18° C. and the mean-annual rainfall being above 75 cm. According to the distribution of precipitation this type of climate can be divided into: (1) areas having periodic rain and wet winters (southeastern Tamaulipas, south of 22° north latitude and east of 99° west longitude), and (2) areas having an irregular rainy season and dry winters (area around Ciudad Mante, between 99° 30´ and 98° 30´ west longitude and south of 22° 30´ north latitude). AFFINITIES OF TAMAULIPAN MAMMALS Owing to the differences in climate from one region to another, the flora and fauna also differ, especially in the southern part of the state as compared with the northern part. For expressing the taxonomic resemblance of mammalian faunas having nearly equal numbers of taxa, Burt (1959:139) recommended the following formula: C × 100/(N_{1} + N_{2} - C) (where C is the number of taxa common to the two faunas, N_{1} is the number of taxa in the smaller fauna, and N_{2} is the number of taxa in the larger fauna). For non-flying mammals the resemblance of the Tamaulipan fauna to that of Texas, adjacent to the north, and Veracruz, adjacent to the south, is as follows: _Genera._--Texas 65 per cent, Veracruz 60 per cent. _Species._--Texas 45 per cent, Veracruz 39 per cent. For bats the resemblance of the Tamaulipan fauna to those of Texas and Veracruz is as follows: _Genera._--Texas 40 per cent, Veracruz 51 per cent. _Species._--Texas 24, Veracruz 39. TABLE 1.--NUMBER OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF NON-INTRODUCED LAND MAMMALS IN THREE STATES. ==========+===========================+=========================== | Number of taxa | Number of taxa in common +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------- | genera | species | genera | species ----------+--------+----+--------+----+--------+----+--------+---- States |non-bats|bats|non-bats|bats|non-bats|bats|non-bats|bats ----------+--------+----+--------+----+--------+----+--------+---- Texas | 51 | 12 | 103 | 25 | 39 | 10 | 58 | 12 Tamaulipas| 48 | 23 | 83 | 36 | .. | .. | .. | .. Veracruz | 53 | 36 | 94 | 60 | 38 | 20 | 50 | 27 ----------+--------+----+--------+----+--------+----+--------+---- For all of the land mammals of Tamaulipas, the resemblance is as follows: _Genera._--Texas 58, Veracruz 57. _Species._--Texas 40, Veracruz 39. On the whole, the fauna of Tamaulipas resembles faunas of both the Brazilian Subregion and the North American part of the Nearctic Subregion (see Hershkovitz, 1958:611). Considering the 48 genera of non-flying land mammals of Tamaulipas, 24 genera occur in habitats from the North American part through habitats of northern México into the Brazilian Subregion. Of the remaining 24 genera, 16 occur in the North American part of the Nearctic Subregion or in it and the part of northern México north of the Brazilian boundary, whereas eight occur in the Brazilian Subregion or in it and the northern part of México. None occurs only in Tamaulipas or only in northern México. The non-flying fauna of the coastal plain east of the Sierra Madre Oriental and south of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Soto la Marina is mainly tropical in affinities; only 27 per cent of that fauna (at the subspecific level) resembles the fauna north of Soto la Marina, which is Nearctic in its affinities. The fauna of the Sierra de Tamaulipas has a greater taxonomic resemblance (20.4 per cent at subspecific level) to that of the Sierra Madre Oriental, than does the fauna of the Sierra San Carlos (17.6 per cent). Taxonomic resemblance between the faunas from the Sierra San Carlos and the Sierra de Tamaulipas amounts to only 16.1 per cent. Therefore, the faunas of these two Sierras (both are included in the same zoogeographic unit) resemble each other less than either resembles the fauna of the Sierra Madre Oriental (in another zoogeographic unit). Of the three sierran faunas, those of the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de Tamaulipas have most in common. Migration from one to the other in relative recent time may account for the resemblance. The Sierra San Carlos may have been isolated for a long time and interchange between its fauna and those of the other two sierras, therefore, may have been slight. Study of the taxonomic resemblance shows that the dividing line, in eastern México, between Nearctic and Neotropical faunas is along the eastern base of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the southern base of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and thence to the coast at or near Soto la Marina. PLANT-MAMMAL RELATIONSHIPS Merriam (1898) assigned to Tamaulipas four Life-zones. There were: Transitional on the highest elevations of the Sierra Madre; Upper Austral at lower elevations on the Sierra Madre; Lower Austral over most of the state; and Tropical in the coastal areas. Dice (1943) outlined Biotic Provinces on a map of North America and in the northern part of Tamaulipas showed two Biotic Provinces, Tamaulipan and Potosian. He did not show the southeastern limits of the Chihuahuan Biotic Province nor any of the limits of the Veracruzian Biotic Province and in text mentioned nothing about the limits of these two provinces with reference to Tamaulipas. Later, Goldman and Moore (1946) divided Tamaulipas in three Biotic Provinces: Tamaulipas, Sierra Madre, and Veracruz. Still later (1949), Smith published a map of Mexican Biotic Provinces based on the herpetofauna of the Republic. He divided Tamaulipas among four Provinces. Two were Nearctic (Austro-oriental and Tamaulipan) and the other two were Neotropical (Veracruzian and Cordoban). Leopold (1950 and 1959) recognized five principal vegetational types in Tamaulipas as follows: Mesquite-grassland; Pine-oak Forest; Thorn Forest; Tropical Deciduous Forest; and Desert. For dealing with the mammals of Tamaulipas in the following accounts the four Biotic Provinces (Tamaulipan, Potosian, Veracruzian, and Chihuahuan) of Dice are the most useful. For dealing with types of vegetation in the accounts that follow, Leopold's (1950) system is employed although reference is made to other associations and formations that have been reported in Tamaulipas. Tamaulipan Biotic Province This Province is recognized by most authors who have written about the zoogeography of México. It is the most extensive in the state and includes the northern part of the Coastal Plain (see Fig. 2). The vegetation of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province is in general Mesquite-grassland but in the Sierra San Carlos and Sierra de Tamaulipas other types of vegetation are found. Two formations occur in the Mesquite-grassland. The first is the Mesquite Scrub, in which the dominant plant is the mesquite (_Prosopis juliflora_), associated with _Cordia boissieri_, several species of _Acacia_, and in some areas with _Opuntia_ and _Yucca treculeana_. The dominant grasses are of the genera _Bouteloua_ and _Andropogon_. The second formation is the Gulf Bluestem Prairie, where species of _Andropogon_ are the dominants on the well-drained sites. Sloughs and depressions are occupied by cordgrass, _Spartina spartinae_. Many areas have been invaded by mesquite and other shrubs. [Illustration: FIG. 2. Four biotic provinces: 1 Tamaulipan; 2 Potosian; 3 Chihuahuan; 4 Veracruzian.] Around the Sierra de Tamaulipas and in the area between it and the Sierra San Carlos the vegetation is Thorn Forest (Tropical Thorn Forest of Martin _et al._, 1954), in which the dominant plants are _Acacia_, _Ichthyomethia_, _Ipomea_, _Prosopis_, and _Cassia_. Another type of vegetation in the Sierra de Tamaulipas is the Tropical Deciduous Forest at 300 to 700 meters elevation, the trees of which are 20 meters high with a canopy averaging eight meters high (Martin _et al._, _op. cit._). The common species of trees belong to the genera _Tabebuia_, _Ipomea_, _Bombax_, and _Conzattia_. Species of _Bursera_, _Acacia_, and _Cassia_ are less abundant. In the low canyons _Bursera_, _Ceiba_, and _Psidium_, draped with lianas and various epiphytes, can be found. The Pine-oak Formation grows above an elevation of 800 meters in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and is characterized by _Pinus cembroides_, _P. nelsonii_, _P. teocote_, and _Quercus arizonica_. Martin _et al._ (_op. cit._) recorded Montane Scrub from the dry areas, between elevations of 600 and 900 meters. That scrub is formed by huisaches (_Acacia farnesiana_) along with a few oaks and some trees of the Tropical Deciduous Forest. The vegetation of the Sierra San Carlos was studied by Dice (1937) and divided into three life belts, each with several associations. For more information about the plants of each association and their related mammals see the publication of the mentioned author. Endemic mammals of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province, in the part of it that is in Tamaulipas, are the following: _Scalopus inflatus_; _Lepus californicus curti_; _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_; _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_; _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_; and _Sigmodon hispidus solus_. Other characteristic mammals of this Province in the state of Tamaulipas are: _Sylvilagus floridanus connectens_; _S. audubonii parvulus_; _Lepus californicus merriami_; _Perognathus merriami merriami_; _Dipodomys ordii compactus_; _Orzomys melanotis carrorum_; _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_; _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_; _Canis latrans texensis_; _C. l. microdon_; _C. lupus monstrabilis_; _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_; _Mephitis mephitis varians_; _Felis pardalis albescens_; _Trichechus manatus latirostris_; and _Odocoileus virginianus texanus_. Many other kinds of mammals occur mainly in the Tamaulipan Province but are not listed above because they occur also in one or more of the other provinces. The Sierra de Tamaulipas is placed in the Tamaulipan Biotic Province because the fauna, especially of non-flying mammals, is closely related to that of the rest of the Province. Nevertheless, many mammals found in this Sierra are tropical in relationship. This is especially true of the bats. Therefore, most of the tropical bats that occur in Tamaulipas occur in the Veracruzian Biotic Province and in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Potosian Biotic Province This Province occupies all of the Sierra Madre Oriental and, therefore, the southwestern part of the state. The vegetation in general is Pine-oak Forest, in which the most common trees are _Abies religiosa_, _Pinus flexilis_, _P. patula_, _P. montezumae_, _P. teocote_, _Populus tremuloides_, _Juniperus flaccida_, _Quercus arizonica_, _Q. clivicola_ and _Q. polymorpha_. In his study of plants of the Gómez Farías area, Martin (1958) recorded several different types of vegetation, which in part can be placed in the Potosian Biotic Province, especially those types that occur to the northwest of the Cloud Forest. In addition to the Cloud Forest, Martin recognized Humid Pine-oak Forest, Dry Oak-pine Forest, Chaparral, Thorn Forest and Scrub, and Thorn Desert. The only mammal endemic to the Potosian Province in Tamaulipas is _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_. Other mammals that occur mainly in this Province are: _Sorex saussurei_; _Notiosorex crawfordi_; _Glaucomys volans herreranus_; _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_; _Perognathus nelsoni_; _Liomys irroratus alleni_; _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_; _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_; _Ursus americanus eremicus_; _Conepatus leuconotus texensis_; and _Odocoileus hemionus_. The fauna of this Province is a mixture of elements with tropical affinities on the east side of the Sierra Madre and with those of the Mexican Plateau on the west side. Chihuahuan Biotic Province This Province occurs in Tamaulipas only in a small portion of the Central Plateau physiographic region and occupies the southwesternmost part of the state. The vegetation is of two types: Desert or Mesquite-grassland. The last is like that described for the Tamaulipan Biotic Province. In the Desert type the dominant plants are the cactus, _Opuntia leptocaulis_, and yuccas, _Yucca filifera_ and _Y. potosina_. Subdominants are mariola, guayule, _Agave lechugilla_, _A. stricta_ or _Larrea divaricata_. Along stream banks mesquite, _Prosopis juliflora_, can be found. No endemic mammals of the Chihuahuan Province are known in Tamaulipas. Mammals that occur principally in this Province are: _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_; _D. ordii durranti_; _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_; _P. difficilis petricola_; _Onychomys torridus subrufus_; and _Neotoma albigula subsolana_. Veracruzian Biotic Province This Province includes the southern part of the Coastal Plain physiographic region, south of the Sierra de Tamaulipas and Soto la Marina. But the exact line between this Province and the Tamaulipan Province to the north is difficult to draw. The northern boundary of the Veracruzian Province is the line between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions in eastern México. Vegetation of most of the Veracruzian Biotic Province is Tropical Deciduous Forest. This Forest is made up of _Tabebuia_, _Ipomea_, _Bombax_, and _Conzattia_, along with some _Ceiba_, _Bursera_, and _Psidium_. The mammalia fauna of the Veracruzian Biotic Province is tropical in nature. This is especially true of the bats. Representatives of the tropical genera _Micronycteris_, _Sturnira_, _Artibeus_, _Enchistenes_, _Desmodus_, _Diphylla_, and _Molossus_ have their northern distributional limits in this Province. The non-flying mammals characteristic of the Province in Tamaulipas are: _Philander opossum pallidus_; _Marmosa mexicana_; _Ateles geoffroyi velerosus_; _Geomys tropicalis_; _Oryzomys melanotis rostratus_; _O. alfaroi huastecae_; _O. fulvescens engracie_ (endemic to this Province in Tamaulipas); _O. f. fulvescens_; _Reithrodontomys mexicanus_; _Peromyscus orchraventer_ (endemic); _Neotoma micropus angustapalata_; _Eira barbara senex_; _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_; and _Mazama americana temama_. BARRIERS AND ROUTES OF MOVEMENT The distributional patterns and affinities of the mammalian fauna of Tamaulipas suggest possible routes of migration and barriers that limited or controlled movements of the mammals. Mammals may have reached Tamaulipas by way of a Northern route, a Trans-plateau route, a Montane route, or a Tropical route (Fig 3). The Northern route permitted species of mammals from the temperate region to the north to enter the Tamaulipan Biotic Province from or via Texas. Several came from the Great Plains, and a few came from the eastern part of the United States. Also, a few mammals that may have originated in the Tamaulipan Province moved northwards. Some of these, according to Dice (1937:267) were _Liomys irroratus texensis_, _Peromyscus leucopus texensis_, and _Lepus californicus merriami_. Other mammals thought to have moved north by this route are _Didelphis marsupialis_, _Dasypus novemcinctus_, _Oryzomys palustris_, _Nasua narica_, and _Tayassu tajacu_. Some mammals that passed through Tamaulipas into Texas have extended their geographic ranges far north of Texas. Mammals that came _via_ the Trans-plateau route (name proposed by Baker, 1956:146) came no farther into Tamaulipas than the Chihuahuan Biotic Province. They encountered the barrier formed by the Sierra Madre Oriental. These mammals were listed in the account of the Chihuahuan Biotic Province. The route that Baker (1956:146) termed the "Southern Route" I here term the Montane route because I think it was used for movement southward as well as northward. [Illustration: FIG. 3. Routes of movement: 1 Northern; 2 Trans-Plateau; 3 Montane; 4 Tropical.] The Montane route was used by mammals of boreal affinities (_Microtus_ and _Neotoma_), that moved into Tamaulipas from the north; also in this category are bats of the family Vespertilionidae. For movement from south to north, the route was used by several species native to México, for example, _Cratogeomys castanops_. The seaward slope of the montane area has enabled some tropical mammals to move farther north than they have done at higher and lower elevations. _Philander opossum_ seems to be an example. The fourth route, the Tropical one, was used by mammals of tropical origin. Most moved into Tamaulipas only as far as the Veracruzian Biotic Province. The principal mammals that have used this route are the bats and marsupials, but _Sylvilagus brasiliensis_, _Ateles geoffroyi_, _Heterogeomys hispidus_, _Eira barbara_, and _Mazama americana_ also can be included here. Some tropical mammals, as was pointed out previously, not only reached Tamaulipas but have moved through the state and far northward. The major barriers to dispersal of mammals in Tamaulipas are three (see Fig. 2). Two of them, the Río Grande Barrier and the Sierra Madre Barrier, are physiographical, but the Tropical Barrier is maintained by a combination of environmental factors. The three barriers separate the four Biotic Provinces in Tamaulipas. The Sierra Madre Oriental, which forms the Potosian Biotic Province, lies between the Tamaulipan and Chihuahuan provinces. The Tropical barrier separates the Tamaulipan and Veracruzian biotic provinces. The Río Grande, as was pointed out by R. H. Baker (1956:146), has low banks, is relatively shallow, and does not form an effective barrier for most mammals. For only two species, insofar as I know, has the Río Grande constituted a barrier. _Cratogeomys castanops_ has not entered southeastern Texas from México, and _Spermophilus spilosoma_ has not entered México from southeastern Texas except on the coastal barrier beach. Alvarez (1962:124) postulated that the beach was the route by which _S. spilosoma_ arrived at La Pesca where the barrier beach meets the mainland. The Sierra Madre Barrier is a good filter for some small mammals, especially for those that occur on the Mexican Plateau and those of tropical origin. The mammals that occur on each side of the Sierra are listed in accounts of the Chihuahuan (west side), Veracruzian and Tamaulipan (east side) biotic provinces. The Tropical Barrier is formed mainly by a climatic complex (probably a change in temperature and rainfall) in the coastal region at or about the latitude of Soto la Marina, where no geographic barrier is found. In the western and central part of the Tropical Barrier, the climatic factor is supported by a geographic factor. The Sierra Madre Oriental is in the west and the Sierra de Tamaulipas is in the center. The several mammals that are affected by this barrier are listed in the accounts of the Veracruzian and Tamaulipan biotic provinces. A peculiar pattern of distribution is that presented by _Scalopus inflatus_ and _Geomys tropicalis_. Both are the only known species of their genera in northeastern México. Each is isolated from other species of its genus. The nearest known record of _Scalopus_ is 45 miles northward and the nearest record of _Geomys_ is approximately 165 miles northward. A possible explanation for the distribution of these two kinds is that each was widely distributed in one of the glacial periods and when the glacier receded to the north these animals remained in Tamaulipas, where they evolved and formed distinct species. The two species, _G. tropicalis_ and _S. inflatus_, are fossorial and for this reason probably were able to resist inhospitable climates better than non-burrowing species. HISTORY OF MAMMALOGY In Tamaulipas the first exploration directed in substantial measure toward finding out about the mammalian fauna, at least as far as I know, was made by Dr. L. Berlandier, who traveled mainly in the northern half of the state. His collections provided specimens of several previously unknown mammals, which were described by Baird (1858). The original manuscript of Berlandier never has been published. About 1880 Dr. E. Palmer collected mammals in the southern part of Tamaulipas, in the area around Tampico. The results of his exploration were reported by J. A. Allen (1881). E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman twice collected in Tamaulipas (Goldman, 1951). In 1898 they visited and collected mammals in the southern part of the state, around Tampico, Altamira, Victoria, Forlón, and Miquihuana. In 1901-1902 they visited the area between Nuevo Laredo and Bagdad, then went south to Soto la Marina and Victoria. From their collections several species and subspecies have been described. Between 1910 and the early 1920's little was done in the way of scientific exploration because of the Mexican Revolution. From 1930 on, several expeditions yielded new information about the native mammals. In that year L. B. Kellum visited the Sierra San Carlos. The results were reported by Dice (1937). Another important collection from Tamaulipas was made by Marian Martin in the area of Gómez Farías. Mammals collected by her were reported by Goodwin (1954). Hooper (1953) also reported specimens from Gómez Farías but included in his report records of mammals collected in other areas as well. In 1950 E. R. Hall and C. von Wedel made a trip to the barrier beach in the northeastern part of the state and collected several kinds of mammals among which three were described as new by Hall (1951). The report here presented is based upon specimens in the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas that were collected mainly by the persons named beyond. Gerd H. Heinrich and his wife Hilda collected in 1952 and 1953 in the areas around Miquihuana, Ciudad Victoria, Soto la Marina, Sierra de Tamaulipas, and Altamira. W. J. Schaldach collected in 1949 and 1950 in the Sierra Madre Oriental south of Ciudad Victoria; he returned to Tamaulipas in 1954 in company with V. Grissino and worked in the Sierra Madre Oriental south and north of Ciudad Victoria. In 1961 P. L. Clifton and J. H. Bodley collected in the northwestern part of the state and in the western part, around Tula, Nicolás, and Tajada. Some students and staff members of the Museum have occasionally collected in Tamaulipas. As a result of all the mentioned expeditions and others, 32 species and subspecies have been described with type localities in Tamaulipas. They are: Altamira _Lepus californicus altamirae_ Nelson _Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster_ (Cuvier) (by restriction) _Sciurus deppei negligens_ Nelson _Geomys tropicalis_ Goldman Antiguo Morelos, 8 mi. N of _Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea_ Goodwin Brownsville (Texas), 45 mi. from _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson Charco Escondido _Perognathus hispidus hispidus_ Baird _Neotoma micropus micropus_ Baird El Carrizo _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker Gómez Farías _Heterogeomys hispidus negatus_ Goodwin Hacienda Santa Engracia _Oryzomys fulvescens engracia_ Osgood Jaumave _Dipodomys ordii durranti_ Setzer La Pesca, 1 mi. E of _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_ Alvarez Matamoros _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird) _Lasiurus intermedius intermedius_ (H. Allen) _Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus_ Peters (by restriction) _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_ Nelson and Goldman _Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli_ Berlandier Matamoros, 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W of _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_ Hall _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall Mier _Canis latrans microdon_ Merriam Miquihuana _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony (_Plecotus phyllotis_) _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_ Nelson and Goldman _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and Kellogg Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gómez Farías _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin Rancho Santa Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_ Lawrence Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra _Myotis keenii auriculus_ Baker and Stains Sierra San Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper CONSERVATION A relatively large number of the species of Mexican big game occurs in Tamaulipas because its geographic position permits it to have species from the tropics and those from the northern plains and mountains. Eight of the 11 Mexican species that are considered as Big Game are recorded from the state. Until this century Tamaulipas was not densely populated by man either in the pre-colonial period or thereafter. Therefore many species of game are still relatively abundant. Of the eight species that originally lived in Tamaulipas, the mule deer, brocket, and black bear never have been abundant there and now are in danger of extirpation. The pronghorn was also rare in the state and now has been extirpated as it has been in many other parts of México. The white-tailed deer, javalin, jaguar, and puma are still abundant in suitable habitats. The white-tailed deer is found almost everywhere in the state; in some areas it damages cornfields, and for this reason is killed by natives who eat the meat and sell the skins. The price of skins is low; in 1959 at Ciudad Mante tanners paid natives less than one dollar (10.00 Mexican pesos) per hide. Some idea of the abundance of deer in Tamaulipas is provided by our having found in one tanner's shop, in 1959 at Ciudad Mante, about 500 deer skins. Besides these, we found about 65 skins of other species--jaguar, bear, ocelot, puma, margay, and raccoon. Additionally there was a large number of coati skins. Considering that México has no professional trappers and that commerce in skins of wild animals is illegal, it is felt that the number of skins found in the tanner's shop indicated a relative large population of game mammals. The number of species of small game also is large. Some species are killed by natives for food, but most are killed in order to protect the cultivated crops, which are injured mainly by rabbits and squirrels. Baker (1958) pointed out that the future of the game species in the northern part of México was not encouraging. He gave valid reasons for his view. In Tamaulipas, however, in some respects the outlook is more encouraging because there are many areas in which with a minimum of effort the authorities can save a good number of species. As Baker (_op. cit._) remarked, the fauna in México is declining mainly because many areas recently have been cultivated for the first time. Also, better roads have enabled hunters to reach areas that formerly were natural refuges for wild animals. Many times it has been said that the populations of wild animals were declining in México because the number of game wardens is too small to protect game in all parts of the country. In some ways this is true but it seems that the problem is really one of education. The people do not realize that the animals are part of nature and therefore have the same right to live that man has. Most people see only the bad side of the animals' activities and never consider the benefit that wild mammals provide for man. A typical case is that of the coyote, which is oftentimes killed only because it is a coyote. Sometimes individual coyotes do kill domestic animals, but the people seem never to understand that the coyote destroys a large number of mice, rabbits, and insects as has been shown by studies of the contents of coyote stomachs. The Mexican Government at this time is making a concentrated effort to provide schools in all parts of the country and is formulating new programs of education. In this official program some lectures in conservation are needed with reference to the animal life. I know that some education now is given to people with respect to conservation of the water, soil, and forest, but gather that there is little that covers also conservation of animals. I do not deny the necessity for some natives to kill wild animals. People need to eat fresh meat and for some it is almost impossible to obtain meat in any other way than by killing wild animals. Some natives cannot afford to purchase meat in the markets or they live too far from any village or city to do so. Also, natives need to protect their cultivated areas; some of them have only four to six acres of land, on which corn is the only crop. When one deer in a night can destroy part of the corn, and in some areas not only one deer but several invade a field, and when one considers that besides deer there are rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, and coati, to name only some animals that feed on the corn, we find that the small cornfield at the end of the season may not contain any corn to harvest. It is understandable, therefore, that the natives kill the animals. In this way they protect their cultivated fields, obtain food and sometimes money for the skins. Many natives, however, destroy the wildlife only for pleasure or to obtain money for skins and meat, which sometimes is sold to restaurants. Probably the best solution for the problem of conservation of wild animals is the establishment of wildlife refuges. In Tamaulipas, at least three refuges are needed in order to preserve the mammalian wildlife. These areas would serve also as a refuge for game birds and other vertebrates. A large area with suitable habitat for white-tailed deer, brocket, jaguar, puma, javalin, and fox could be established in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, which presents favorable habitat for all of the species named. A second area that does not need to be so large as the first could be established in the Sierra Madre Oriental, probably including some part of Nuevo León, where the black bear and the mule deer find suitable habitat. Probably the beaver can be introduced in the streams of the high mountains; beaver live in the same Sierra a little farther north in Nuevo León. The three species mentioned are in imminent danger of disappearing from Tamaulipas, if they have not already disappeared. The third refuge could be in some area of the northern part of the state near the Río Grande. This refuge should give protection to the beaver--a rare animal in México and in danger of extirpation over all the country. The pronghorn also would find suitable habitat in this area, but would have to be reintroduced there. With the establishment of these three refuges and with good management the fauna of Tamaulipas could be saved from extinction, would provide some recreation for sportsmen, and especially for the people in general who wish to study, photograph, or merely observe the native animal life. The time is excellent for the establishment of the wildlife refuges in Tamaulipas because large areas are still in Federal ownership and because a considerable number of animals remain. Other favorable factors are that roads are not yet good in the areas proposed for refuges, the human population is low, and agriculture consequently is not practiced. But, with the rapid increase in population in México, these favorable conditions will change in a few years and it will be almost impossible to establish the refuges then. METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The families, genera, and species recorded in this report are arranged following Hall and Kelson (1959). Subspecies are in alphabetical order under the species. Remarks are given on natural history in each species account, if information is available. Discussion of subspecies known from the state is included. Under each subspecies, the citation to the original description is given with mention of type locality. Next is the citation to the first usage of the current name-combination. Then, synonyms are listed if there be such in the sense that original descriptions of the alleged species or subspecies had type localities in Tamaulipas. Measurements, unless otherwise noted, are of adults and are given in millimeters. External measurements are in the following order: total length; length of tail vertebrae; length of hind foot; length of ear from notch. Capitalized color terms are those of Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912. Capital letters designate teeth in the upper jaws and lower case letters designate teeth in the lower jaws; for example, M2 refers to the second upper molar and m2 refers to the second lower molar. The localities of specimens examined and additional records are listed from north to south and their geographic positions can be found in the gazetteer and on the map (Fig. 4). Most of the specimens examined are in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas. Unless otherwise indicated, catalogue numbers relate to that collection. A few specimens from other collections were seen. Abbreviations identifying those collections are: UMMZ, the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology; AMNH, the American Museum of Natural History; and GMS, George M. Sutton collection (University of Oklahoma). I am grateful to Prof. E. Raymond Hall and Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., for their advice and kind help that have enabled me to complete this work. I thank Dr. William E. Duellman for his advice concerning Zoogeography and Biologist Gastón Guzmán for help with the names of plants. For the loan of specimens I am grateful to Dr. George M. Sutton of the University of Oklahoma, to Dr. David H. Johnson and Dr. Richard H. Manville of the United States National Museum, to Drs. William H. Burt and Emmet T. Hooper of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and to Dr. Richard Van Gelder of the American Museum of Natural History. I thank, also, Dr. William Z. Lidicker, Jr., for information about the locality called Lulú, and the collectors from the Museum of Natural History, especially Gerd H. Heinrich, William J. Schaldach, Percy L. Clifton, and John H. Bodley. I am grateful also to Charles A. Long and to several other persons, not named here, who helped me in some way to complete my study of the mammals of Tamaulipas. Most of the field work was financed by the Kansas University Endowment Association. Some laboratory work was done when the author was half-time Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National Science Foundation. GAZETTEER The specimens examined and additional records are listed with reference to the following place names. The geographic position of each was taken from the maps of the American Geographical Society of New York, scale 1:1,000,000, and the Atlas Geográfico de la República Mexicana, scale 1:500,000. Acuña.--23°26´, 98°25´. Agua Linda.--23°05´, 99°14´. Aldama.--22°55´, 98°04´. Alta Cima.--23°05´, 99°11´. Altamira.--22°23´, 97°56´. Antiguo Morelos.--22°33´, 99°05´. Aserradero del Infernillo [Infiernillo].--23°04´, 99°13´. Aserradero del Paraiso.--22°59´, 99°15´. Bagdad.--25°57´, 97°09´. Camargo.--26°20´, 98°50´. Cerro del Tigre.--23°04´, 99°17´. Chamal.--22°49´, 99°14´. Charco Escondido.--25°46´, 98°22´. Ciudad Victoria.--23°45´, 99°07´. Cueva de Quintero.--22°39´, 99°02´. Cueva La Esperanza.--23°55´, 99°17´. Cueva La Mula.--see La Mula. Cueva Los Troncones.--23°49´, 99°15'. Cues.--22°58', 98°13´. Ejido Santa Isabel.--23°14´, 99°00´. El Carrizo.--23°15´, 99°05´. El Encino.--23°08´, 99°07´. El Mante (Cd. Mante).--22°45´, 99°01´. El Mulato.--24°54´, 98°57´. El Pachón.--22°36´, 99°03´. Forlón.--23°14´, 98°49´. Gómez Farías.--23°02´, 99°10´. Guemes.--23°55´, 99°00´. Guerrero.--26°48´, 99°20´. Hacienda Santa Engracia.--24°02´, 99°12´. Hidalgo.--24°15´, 99°26´. Jaumave.--23°24´, 99°23´. Joya de Salas.--23°11´, 99°17´. Joya Verde.--23°35´, 99°14´. La Azteca (Ejido).--23°05´, 99°08´. La Mula.--23°36´, 99°17´. La Pesca.--23°47´, 97°48´. La Purisima.--24°18´, 99°28´. La Vegonia.--24°40´, 99°05´. Limón.--22°49´, 99°00´. Marmolejo.--24°38´, 99°00´. Matamoros.--25°55´, 97°30´. Mesa de Llera.--23°20´, 99°01´. Mier.--26°27´, 99°09´. Miquihuana.--23°27´, 99°46´. Nicolás.--23°21´, 100°04´. Nuevo Laredo.--27°30´, 99°30´. Ocampo.--22°50´, 99°21´. Ojo de Agua.--22°35´, 98°58´. Padilla.--24°01´, 98°46´. Palmillas.--23°18´, 99°33´. Piedra.--23°30´, 98°06´. Rancho del Cielo.--23°04´, 99°12´. Rancho Pano Ayuctle.--23°07´, 99°13´. Rancho Santa Rosa.--23°58´, 99°16´. Rancho Tigre.--22°54´, 99°20´. Rancho Viejo.--23°02´, 99°13´. Reynosa.--26°06´, 98°15´. Río Bravo (Town).--26°04´, 98°08´. Río Corono [Corona].--23°50´, 98°50´. San Antonio.--23°08´, 99°23´. San Carlos.--24°35´, 98°57´. San Fernando.--24°51´, 98°09´. San José.--24°41´, 99°06´. San Miguel.--24°45´, 99°05´. Santa María.--23°31´, 98°41´. Santa Teresa.--25°27´, 97°29´. Savinito.--(?)23°43´, 98°51´. Soto la Marina.--23°46´, 98°15´. Tajada.--23°16´, 99°55´. Tamaulipeca.--24°45´, 99°05´. Tampico.--22°12´, 97°51´. Tula.--23°00´, 99°42´. Villagran.--24°29´, 99°29´. Villa Mainero.--24°34´, 99°36´. Washington Beach.--25°53´, 97°09´. Xicotencatl.--23°00´, 98°57´. Zamorina.--23°20´, 97°58´. [Illustration: FIG. 4. Place names, in Tamaulipas, mentioned in text.] CHECK-LIST The 146 kinds of native mammals of 120 species found in Tamaulipas belong to 72 genera of 25 families of 10 orders. Non-native mammals introduced by man are not included. Class MAMMALIA Order MARSUPIALIA Family Didelphidae PAGE _Didelphis marsupialis californicus_ Bennett 393 _Didelphis marsupialis texensis_ J. A. Allen 394 _Philander opossum pallidus_ (J. A. Allen) 394 _Marmosa mexicana mexicana_ Merriam 395 Order INSECTIVORA Family Soricidae _Sorex saussurei saussurei_ Merriam 396 _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird) 396 _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_ Jackson 396 _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin 396 _Notiosorex crawfordi_ (Coues) 397 Family Talpidae _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson 397 Order CHIROPTERA Family Phyllostomatidae _Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicana_ (Miller) 398 _Pteronotus davyi fulvus_ (Thomas) 398 _Choeronycteris mexicana_ Tschudi 399 _Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla_ (Peters) 399 _Micronycteris megalotis mexicana_ Miller 400 _Glossophaga sorocina leachii_ (Gray) 400 _Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis_ (Saussure) 401 _Sturnira lilium parvidens_ Goldman 401 _Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis_ Leach 402 _Artibeus lituratus palmarum_ Allen and Chapman 402 _Artibeus toltecus_ (Saussure) 403 _Artibeus aztecus_ Andersen 403 _Enchistenes hartii_ (Thomas) 404 _Centurio senex_ Gray 404 Family Desmodontidae _Desmodus rotundus murinus_ Wagner 405 _Diphylla ecaudata_ Spix 406 Family Natalidae _Natalus stramineus saturatus_ Dalquest and Hall 407 Family Vespertilionidae _Myotis velifer incautus_ (J. A. Allen) 407 _Myotis keenii auriculus_ Baker and Stains 408 _Myotis californicus mexicanus_ (Saussure) 408 _Myotis nigricans dalquesti_ Hall and Alvarez 409 _Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ (F. Cuvier) 409 _Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus_ Dalquest 410 _Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis_ (H. Allen) 410 _Lasiurus borealis borealis_ (Müller) 411 _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_ (H. Allen) 412 _Lasiurus cinereus cinereus_ (Palisot and Beauvois) 412 _Lasiurus intermedius intermedius_ H. Allen 412 _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_ (Thomas) 413 _Nycticeus humeralis humeralis_ (Rafinesque) 413 _Nycticeus humeralis mexicanus_ Davis 413 _Rhogeëssa tumida tumida_ H. Allen 414 _Plecotus phyllotis_ (G. M. Allen) 415 _Antrozous pallidus pallidus_ (Le Conte) 415 Family Molossidae _Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana_ (Saussure) 415 _Tadarida aurispinosa_ (Peale) 415 _Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea_ Goodwin 416 _Molossus ater nigricans_ Miller 417 Order PRIMATES Family Cebidae _Ateles geoffroyi velerosus_ Gray 417 Order EDENTATA Family Dasypodidae _Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus_ Peters 418 Order LAGOMORPHA Family Leporidae _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei_ (J. A. Allen) 418 _Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus_ (J. A. Allen) 418 _Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani_ (J. A. Allen) 419 _Sylvilagus floridanus connectens_ (Nelson) 419 _Lepus californicus altamirae_ Nelson 420 _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall 420 _Lepus californicus merriami_ Mearns 421 Order RODENTIA Family Sciuridae _Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens_ Mearns 421 _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_ Alvarez 422 _Spermophilus variegatus couchii_ Baird 422 _Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster_ Cuvier 423 _Sciurus deppei negligens_ Nelson 424 _Sciurus alleni_ Nelson 424 _Glaucomys volans herreranus_ Goldman 425 Family Geomyidae _Geomys personatus personatus_ True 425 _Geomys tropicalis_ Goldman 426 _Heterogeomys hispidus negatus_ Goodwin 427 _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_ Nelson and Goldman 428 _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_ Nelson and Goldman 428 Family Heteromyidae _Perognathus merriami merriami_ J. A. Allen 429 _Perognathus hispidus hispidus_ Baird 429 _Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni_ Merriam 430 _Dipodomys ordii durranti_ Setzer 431 _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_ Hall 431 _Dipodomys ordii compactus_ True 431 _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_ Merriam 432 _Liomys irroratus alleni_ (Coues) 433 _Liomys irroratus texensis_ Merriam 433 Family Castoridae _Castor canadensis mexicanus_ V. Bailey 434 Family Cricetidae _Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_ J. A. Allen 435 _Oryzomys palustris peragrus_ Merriam 435 _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_ Lawrence 436 _Oryzomys melanotis rostratus_ Merriam 437 _Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae_ Dalquest 437 _Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens_ (Saussure) 438 _Oryzomys fulvescens engracie_ Osgood 438 _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin 438 _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_ Merriam 438 _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_ J. A. Allen 439 _Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis_ Davis 439 _Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus_ (Saussure) 440 _Peromyscus maniculatus blandus_ Osgood 440 _Peromyscus melanotis_ J. A. Allen and Chapman 440 _Peromyscus leucopus texanus_ (Woodhouse) 441 _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_ Alvarez 443 _Peromyscus boylii levipes_ Merriam 443 _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper 444 _Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides_ Osgood 445 _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_ Osgood 445 _Peromyscus difficilis petricola_ Hoffmeister and de la Torre 446 _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker 446 _Baiomys taylori taylori_ (Thomas) 447 _Onychomys leucogaster longipes_ Merriam 447 _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister 448 _Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri_ Baird 449 _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall 450 _Sigmodon hispidus toltecus_ (Saussure) 450 _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez 450 _Neotoma angustapalata_ Baker 451 _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ Goldman 453 _Neotoma micropus micropus_ Baird 453 _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_ Goldman 454 Order CARNIVORA Family Canidae _Canis latrans microdon_ Merriam 454 _Canis latrans texensis_ V. Bailey 455 _Canis lupus monstrabilis_ Goldman 455 _Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii_ Mearns 455 Family Ursidae _Ursus americanus eremicus_ Merriam 456 Family Procyonidae _Bassariscus astutus flavus_ Rhoads 456 _Procyon lotor fuscipes_ Mearns 457 _Procyon lotor hernandezii_ Wagler 457 _Nasua narica molaris_ Merriam 458 _Potos flavus aztecus_ Thomas 458 Family Mustelidae _Mustela frenata frenata_ Lichtenstein 458 _Mustela frenata tropicalis_ (Merriam) 459 _Eira barbara senex_ (Thomas) 459 _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_ Baird 460 _Taxidea taxus littoralis_ Schantz 460 _Spilogale putorius interrupta_ (Rafinesque) 461 _Mephitis mephitis_ varians Gray 461 _Mephitis macroura macroura_ Lichtenstein 461 _Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi_ Merriam 462 _Conepatus leuconotus texensis_ Merriam 462 Family Felidae _Felis concolor stanleyana_ Goldman 462 _Felis onca veraecrucis_ Nelson and Goldman 463 _Felis pardalis albescens_ Pucheran 463 _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_ Nelson and Goldman 464 _Felis yagouaroundi cacomitli_ Berlandier 464 _Lynx rufus texensis_ J. A. Allen 464 Order SIRENIA Family Trichechidae _Trichechus manatus latirostris_ (Harlan) 465 Order ARTIODACTYLA Family Tayassuidae _Tayassu tajacu angulatus_ (Cope) 465 Family Cervidae _Odocoileus hemionus crooki_ (Mearns) 465 _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and Kellogg 466 _Odocoileus virginianus texanus_ (Mearns) 466 _Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis_ Goldman and Kellogg 466 _Mazama americana temama_ (Kerr) 466 Family Antilocapridae _Antilocapra americana mexicana_ Merriam 467 ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES =Didelphis marsupialis= Opossum The opossum occurs throughout Tamaulipas but is commonest in the south, especially in the areas of tropical forest and along water courses. Most of the specimens examined were caught in steel traps baited with remains of small animals (mostly mammals and birds, but one trap was baited with the head of a black bass). At Villa Mainero five individuals were caught in one night in five of seven traps scented with spilogale musk. These traps were set in runways along a thick thorn-brush fence, which separated a cornfield from thorn-brush desert. Along the Río Purificación 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Victoria an opossum was eaten in a trap by a small carnivore, probably a felid judging from tracks around the trap. A female with 14 pouch young was taken in June in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and weighed 1350 grams; a March-taken female with nine small young in her pouch, from Soto la Marina, weighed 1800 grams. A male from the Sierra de Tamaulipas also weighed 1800 grams. =Didelphis marsupialis californica= Bennett 1833. _Didelphis Californica_ Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 40, May 17, type locality restricted to Sonora by Hershkovitz (_infra_). 1951. _Didelphis marsupialis californica_, Hershkovitz Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31(47):548, July 10. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeastern part of state, north at least to Soto la Marina. In studying Tamaulipan specimens, I was mindful that Hershkovitz (1951:550) regarded all opossums of this species in México as a single subspecies, even though J. A. Allen (1901) recognized two subspecies in the northeastern part of the Republic. According to Allen (p. 172), _D. m. texensis_ (to which he ascribed a distribution in Texas and adjoining Tamaulipas) was described as: "Similar in coloration to _D. marsupialis_ (_typica_) [_D. m. californica_], but with a relatively longer tail, longer nasals, usually terminating posteriorly in an acute angle, instead of being rounded or more or less abruptly truncated on the posterior border." The available material from Tamaulipas can be divided into two groups on the basis of shape and proportion of the nasals. In opossums from the southeast the nasals are truncate posteriorly and average 47.0 (45.1-48.4) per cent of the condylobasal length, whereas in specimens from elsewhere the nasals are acute posteriorly and average 50.7 (49.7-51.8) per cent of the condylobasal length. Tentatively, therefore, I follow Allen in recognizing two subspecies in northeastern México. I note no especial difference in length of tail between _texensis_ and _californica_. Hooper (1951:3) followed Hershkovitz in reporting as _californica_ a specimen from Rancho del Cielo; to me, specimens from this area are referable to _texensis_. One of the specimens from two miles south and 10 miles west of Piedra (54917) has a supernumerary tooth lingual and anterior to the last upper molar. The tooth is small (2.7 mm. long) and peglike. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 8: 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 12,000 ft., 7. Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:234); Altamira (J. A. Allen, 1901:167). =Didelphis marsupialis texensis= J. A. Allen 1901. _Didelphis marsupialis texensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Hist., 14:172, June 15, type from Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern, central and southwestern parts of state. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria (1 km. E El Barretal), on Río Purificación, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel (12 km. S Llera), 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 1; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 1. Additional records: Matamoros (J. A. Allen, 1901:173); El Mulato, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:249); Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:3). =Philander opossum pallidus= (J. A. Allen) Four-eyed Opossum 1901. _Metachirus fuscogriseus pallidus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:215, July 3, type from Orizaba, Veracruz. 1955. _Philander opossum pallidus_, Miller and Kellogg, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 205:8, March 3. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from along eastern side of Sierra Madre Oriental, north to vicinity of La Purisima. In Tamaulipas, the four-eyed opossum is seemingly common at relatively low elevations in the Tropical Deciduous Forest along the eastern side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, but the species is not restricted to this area as one specimen is available from a place seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima, in the drier forest of west-central Tamaulipas. The highest elevation at which individuals have been taken in the state is approximately 2500 feet. Specimens obtained two kilometers west of El Carrizo were caught in steel traps that were baited with the bodies of small birds and mammals and that were set in trails leading through a fence of piled logs that separated a cornfield from adjacent forest. At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, some individuals were trapped in steel sets baited with scraps of meat; others were shot at night in the forest along the Río Sabinas. Schaldach reported in his notes that four-eyed opossums robbed trap lines set for small mammals at Rancho Pano Ayuctle. W. W. Dalquest trapped an individual seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima using the body of an armadillo as bait. The natives of southern Tamaulipas refer to this animal as "tlacuache cuatrojos." Tamaulipan specimens of _P. o. pallidus_ differ from topotypes and other specimens from the vicinity of the type locality in averaging somewhat paler dorsally and slightly smaller in cranial dimensions when specimens of equal age are compared. They differ also in having a longer terminal area of white on the tail, 53.1 per cent (43.3-62.8) of the length of the tail in 13 specimens from Tamaulipas, and 38.7 (30.9-48.2) per cent in 14 specimens from the vicinity of the type locality of _pallidus_ in Veracruz; specimens from northern Veracruz are intermediate between the two mentioned populations in amount of white on the tail. Baker (1951:210) noted that the specimens from two kilometers west of El Carrizo had "proportionately longer tails than typical _P. o. pallidus_ from central Veracruz," but I do not find this character to be consistent in the more abundant material now available. _Measurements._--External and cranial measurements of three adults, a male and female from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and a male from two kilometers west of El Carrizo, respectively, are as follows: 577, 580, 568; 294, 288, 290; 46, 43, 43; 40, 42, 37; condylobasal length, ----, 70.1, 69.9; palatal length, 43.2, 42.3, 41.9; lambdoidal breadth, 23.6, 22.0, 22.7; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 29.5, 28.4, 29.0. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N Mante and 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 7; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 3; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2500 ft., 3 (one specimen deposited in Instituto de Biología, México). =Marmosa mexicana mexicana= Merriam Mexican Mouse-opossum 1897. _Marmosa murina mexicana_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:44, March 16, type from Juquila, 1500 m., Oaxaca. 1902. _Marmosa mexicana_, Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39:19, April. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:3) in southwestern part of state. _Marmosa_ has been reported from Tamaulipas only by Goodwin (1954:3), who examined "15 rami, and one fragment of maxillary" that were found in a cave. Possibly they were remains from owl pellets. =Sorex saussurei saussurei= Merriam Saussure's Shrew 1892. _Sorex saussurei_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 7:173, September 29, type from N slope Sierra Nevada de Colima, approximately 8000 ft., Jalisco. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana. Jackson (1928:156) reported four specimens from Miquihuana, which he incorrectly located in Nuevo León. =Cryptotis parva berlandieri= (Baird) Least Shrew 1858. _Blarina berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, _in_ Repts. Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):53, July 14, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. 1941. _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_, Davis, Jour. Mamm., 22:413, November 13. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout state. A female taken on July 5, one mile south of Altamira, carried three embryos 5 mm. in crown-rump length. A female from the same locality and another taken on June 6 in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating. Weight of each of six males was 5.0 grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 8. Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:53); 9 km. N Rancho Tigre (Goodwin, 1954:3). =Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis= Jackson Slender Small-eared Shrew 1933. _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:79, April 27, type from Huachinango, 5000 ft., Puebla. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero del Paraiso. The only report from Tamaulipas of this small shrew is that of Goodwin (1954:3) who listed a cranium and mandible, possibly of the same individual, found on the floor of a cave. Goodwin referred the remains to _pueblensis_ because of the "noticeably broader and heavier rostrum than in ... _C. parva berlandieri_ from Rancho Tigre." =Cryptotis mexicana madrea= Goodwin Mexican Small-eared Shrew 1954. _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1670:1, June 28, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gómez Farías, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type locality and vicinity thereof. This subspecies is known only from two complete specimens, six crania and four rami collected in two different localities--the type locality and Aserradero del Infernillo, only seven kilometers from the type locality. All the specimens were examined and reported by Goodwin (1954:1; 1954:4). The type specimen "was taken in a low section of an overgrown ditch" and the other complete specimen was trapped in a stone wall that separated an orchard from a pasture. The six skulls were found in owl pellets. =Notiosorex crawfordi= (Coues) Crawford's Desert Shrew 1877. _Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi_ Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, 3:651, May 15, type from near old Fort Bliss, approximately 2 mi. above El Paso, El Paso Co., Texas. 1895. _Notiosorex crawfordi_, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:32, Dec. 31. _Distribution in Tamaulipas_.--Known only from two localities in southwestern part of state. The two specimens examined were collected in July, one in tropical forest and the other in pine-oak forest; each was a lactating female and each weighed 5 grams. Judging from Merriam's (1895:32) description, the two females differ from the type and three specimens from San Diego, Texas, in having a unicolored tail and in being slightly larger externally. When more abundant material is available the _Notiosorex crawfordi_ of northeastern México probably will be found to represent a new subspecies; for the present I follow Findley (1955:616) in referring Tamaulipan specimens to _N. crawfordi_. _Measurements._--External measurements of the specimens from Jaumave and Palmillas, respectively: 90, 90; 28, 31; 11, 11.5; 8, 8. For cranial measurements see Findley (1955:32). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave, 2400 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 1. =Scalopus inflatus= Jackson Tamaulipan Mole 1914. _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:21, February 2, type from Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type locality. _Scalopus inflatus_ is known only from the type specimen, which is imperfect and lacks complete data according to Jackson (1914:21). The type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but the exact direction from Brownsville is unknown; probably the locality was on the road between that town and San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which is south-southwest of Brownsville. =Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicanus= (Miller) Mustached Bat 1902. _Chilonycteris mexicana_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:401, September 12, type from San Blas, Nayarit. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state in areas of tropical forest. Most individuals of this species were taken in mist nets. Northwest of El Encino for example, bats were collected from a net placed in "a strategic position across a narrow opening" (Schaldach, fieldnotes) in a cave near the headwaters of the Río Sabinas; along the same river at Rancho Pano Ayuctle some were taken in a net stretched across a little creek (arroyo). In the cave near El Encino the collector (Schaldach) estimated the population of _P. rubiginosus_ at between two and three hundred; at Ojo de Agua this bat was found in the deepest part of a cave in association with _Myotis nigricans_. Two June-taken females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating, and weighed 17 and 18 grams. The generic name _Pteronotus_ is employed instead of _Chilonycteris_ following Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25). The specific name _rubiginosus_ is used in accordance with de la Torre (1955:696). Tamaulipan specimens are assigned to _P. r. mexicana_ because they do not differ from specimens of that subspecies from Nayarit, except that the coloration of Tamaulipan specimens averages slightly darker in both color phases. Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously recorded by Anderson (1956:349), are the northernmost reported in eastern México. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 31: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 mi. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 3; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 22. Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:4): Aserradero del Paraiso; El Pachón. =Pteronotus davyi fulvus= (Thomas) Davy's Naked-backed Bat 1892. _Chilonycteris davyi fulvus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:410, November, type from Las Peñas, Jalisco. 1912. _Pteronotus davyi fulvus_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:33, December 31. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the two localities reported in this paper. According to field-notes of Schaldach _et al._, individuals of _P. d. fulvus_ appear when it is almost dark (about 6:30 p. m. in December and January), ordinarily fly about 25 feet above the ground, but occasionally are seen at heights of between 60 and 70 feet (near tops of the largest cypress trees). Most bats flew in a straight line for 10 to 20 yards, then zig-zagged, and repeated the same movements. All specimens examined are in the brown color phase. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11: Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 10; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1. =Choeronycteris mexicana= Tschudi Mexican Long-tongued Bat 1844. _Choeronycteris mexicana_ Tschudi, Untersuchungen über die fauna Peruana ..., p. 72, type from México. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--East side of Sierra Madre in southwestern part of state. Specimens from La Mula were obtained in a small cave, which was inhabited also by _Desmodus rotundus_ and _Tadarida brasiliensis_. The specimens from Miquihuana were captured in a mine by a native. Those from four kilometers north of Joya Verde also were taken from a mine. Females obtained in August at La Mula were lactating. Specimens examined are indistinguishable from _C. mexicana_ from Oaxaca and Jalisco. Baker (1956:172) found no differences between Coahuilan and Tamaulipan specimens. Most Tamaulipan specimens are dark grayish, but some are brownish and some are intermediate between the two colors mentioned. Fourteen adults weighed an average of 16.0 (12-18) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 4 km. N Joya Verde, 4000 ft., 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 4; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2; Miquihuana, 6500 ft., 10. =Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla= (Peters) Peters' Leaf-chinned Bat 1864. _Mormops megalophylla_ Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout state, except possibly west of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in which _Pteronotus rubiginosus_, _Lasiurus borealis_, or _Centurio senex_ also were captured. The specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa was shot as it flew at a height of six feet. Tamaulipan specimens of _Mormoops megalophylla_ are here assigned to _M. m. megalophylla_ instead of to _M. m. senicula_ following Villa and Jimenez (1961:503), who regarded _senicula_ as indistinguishable from _megalophylla_. Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2 (15-18) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft., 2; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1. Additional records: Cueva de Los Troncones, 7.5 km. NNW, 3.5 km. S Cd. Victoria (Villa and Jimenez, 1961:503); Cueva de Quintero, 15 km. SSW Cd. Mante (_ibid._); Tampico (Davis and Carter, 1962:67). =Micronycteris megalotis mexicana= Miller Brazilian Small-eared Bat 1898. _Micronycteris megalotis mexicana_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:329, August 2, type from Platanar, Jalisco. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Goodwin, 1954:4). The single specimen of this species presently known from Tamaulipas was shot while it was roosting in a ranch house. =Glossophaga soricina leachii= (Gray) Pallas' Long-tongued Bat 1844. _Monophyllus leachii_ Gray, _in_ The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur ..., 1 (1, Mamm.): 18, April, type from Realego, Chinandega, Nicaragua. 1913. _Glossophaga soricina leachii_, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:419, December 31. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region of southern part of state. Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with _Desmodus rotundus_ and _Tadarida laticaudata_. Specimens from 20 miles north of El Mante were collected from a cave about 50 yards deep. Weights of two females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were 9 and 12 grams. Tamaulipan specimens examined do not differ from specimens from Nicaragua that were used in comparison. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 2; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1. Additional records: 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (de la Torre, 1954:114); Altamira (Miller, 1913:420). =Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis= (Saussure) Long-nosed Bat 1860. _M. [= Ischnoglossa] nivalis_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:492, November, type from near snow line of Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz. 1900. _Leptonycteris nivalis_, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:126, April 6. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably throughout southern part of state, but presently known only from one locality. The specimens herein reported were taken in a cave. They provide the first record of the species from Tamaulipas and are assigned to the subspecies _nivalis_ on the basis of their brownish color and small size in comparison with specimens of _L. n. longala_ from Coahuila (see also description and measurements of _longala_ given by Stains, 1957:356). None of the specimens suggests intergradation in color between _nivalis_ and _longala_, but some are slightly larger than specimens of the former from Veracruz. Twelve females taken on August 27, 1961, were pregnant. Each carried a single embryo, the embryos averaging 15.7 (12-20) mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the 12 females was 26.9 (24.5-30.0) grams; 10 males weighed an average of 24.6 (21-28) grams. _Measurements._--Average and extremes of ten specimens (5 males and 5 females) are as follows: 78.2 (76-80); 0.0; 16.4 (15-17); 16.7 (16-19); length of forearm, 48.4 (45.2-54.3); length of third finger, 100.8 (99.2-103.7); greatest length of skull, 26.8 (25.9-27.6); zygomatic breadth (6 only), 10.9 (10.7-11.1); least interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.5-4.9); mastoid breadth, 10.8 (10.5-11.2); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7 (8.4-9.0). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28: all from 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft. =Sturnira lilium parvidens= Goldman Yellow-shouldered Bat 1917. _Sturnira lilium parvidens_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:116, May 23, type from Papayo, about 25 mi. NW Acapulco, Guerrero. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known presently only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle. The two specimens from Tamaulipas were reported by de la Torre (1954:114) and in eastern México are the northernmost yet reported of the genus. =Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis= Leach Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat 1821. _Artibeus Jamaicensis_ Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13:75, type from Jamaica. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region of southern part of state. The specimens from northwest of El Encino were shot deep (250 yards) in a cave; specimens of _Myotis nigricans_ were obtained in the same cave. A female taken on May 24 carried a single embryo that was 43 mm. in crown-rump length. Six March-taken females reported by de la Torre (1954:114) had one embryo each that varied from 20 to 38 mm. in length. _Artibeus jamaicensis_ and _A. lituratus_ are the largest bats known from Tamaulipas. In addition to the differences between the two species pointed out by Lukens and Davis (1957:9), I note, in Tamaulipas at least, that the postorbital constriction is narrower in relation to the condylobasal length in _lituratus_, 24.6 (23.7-26.0) per cent as compared to 27.9 (26.7-29.9) per cent in _jamaicensis_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 10; Aserradero del Paraiso, 19 km. N Chamal (by road), 8 (AMNH); Cueva El Pachón, 5 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 1 (AMNH). Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, 1954:114); 4 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (_ibid._). =Artibeus lituratus palmarum= J. A. Allen and Chapman Big Fruit-eating Bat 1897. _Artibeus palmarum_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:16, February 26, type from Botanical Gardens at Port of Spain, Trinidad. 1949. _A[rtibeus]. l[ituratus]. palmarum_, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:447, May 10. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern part of state. Two specimens from the Río Sabinas were taken in a mist net placed across the small, crevicelike entrance to a cave. Ten pregnant females taken in late May each contained a single embryo; average crown-rump length of the 10 embryos was 43 (35-55) mm. Tamaulipan specimens of _lituratus_ do not differ appreciably in color from topotypes except that the facial stripes are narrow and, in three individuals, poorly marked. Lukens and Davis (1957:9) reported that females from Guerrero were paler than the males, but the male examined in this study does not differ in color from the females seen. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 13; cave at headwaters of Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 2. =Artibeus toltecus= (Saussure) Toltec Fruit-eating Bat 1860. _Stenoderma toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:427, October, type from México. Type locality restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:449, May 10, 1949. 1908. _Artibeus toltecus_, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 296, April 7. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably lowlands of southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle. _Artibeus toltecus_ is closely related to another species, _A. aztecus_, that occurs also in Tamaulipas. Externally, _toltecus_ differs from _aztecus_ in being smaller and darker; cranially, _toltecus_ also is the smaller and the P2 and M2 are more angular lingually than in _aztecus_, in which the teeth are rounded. One of the most important differences between these two species is that they occur at different altitudes. Davis (1958:165) reported that _toltecus_ occurred at elevations below 5000 feet at more southerly localities in México, whereas _aztecus_ occurred above 5000 feet. In Tamaulipas the two species probably have parallel distributions from south to north but _A. toltecus_ is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of 300 feet in rain forest, whereas _A. aztecus_ is known from Rancho del Cielo at an elevation of 3300 feet in cloud forest. The two localities are only four miles apart. One of the specimens examined (GMS 10640) is smaller, cranially and externally (see beyond), than any recorded by Davis (1958:165). _Measurements._--Some external and cranial measurements of two females and a male (GMS 10668, 10646 and 10640) are, respectively, as follows: length of hind foot, 12.5, 12.0, 11.0; length of ear from notch, 15, 17, 15; length of forearm, 40.5, 40.0, 36.5; greatest length of skull, 20.9, 20.7, 19.7; zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 11.7; least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.0, 5.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 6.8, 6.8, 6.5; breadth of braincase, 9.3, 9.2, 9.1. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3 from Río Sabinas, near Gómez Farías (Rancho Pano Ayuctle) (GMS). =Artibeus aztecus= Andersen Aztec Fruit-eating Bat 1906. _Artibeus aztecus_ Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 18:422, December, type from Tetela del Volcán, Morelos. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably higher areas of southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho del Cielo. I follow Davis (1958:165) in treating _A. aztecus_ and _A. toltecus_ as distinct species. Differences between the two are discussed in the preceding account of _toltecus_. One specimen examined (AMNH 146980) is distinctly larger than the others here assigned to _A. aztecus_, but does not exceed the maximal measurements given by Davis (_loc. cit._) for the species. This specimen also has a narrower M2, and relatively and actually narrower braincase than other specimens (see measurements). Specimens from Rancho del Cielo were collected in a limestone cave in the cloud forest. A female taken on July 2 carried a small embryo and another obtained on August 14 had an embryo that appeared to be nearly ready for birth. _Measurements._--Respective external and cranial measurements of three males (AMNH, uncatalogued) and a female (AMNH 146980) are as follows: total length, 58, 65, 66, 73; length of hind foot, 13, 12, 12, 13; length of forearm, --, 43, 40, 41; greatest length of skull, 21.6, 22.4, 21.5, 23.0; zygomatic breadth, 13.0, 12.8, 13.0, 12.4; least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.7, 5.5, 6.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0, 7.1, 6.9, 7.1; breadth of braincase, 10.0, 9.8, 10.0, 9.5. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7, all from Rancho del Cielo, 3300 ft., (AMNH). =Enchistenes hartii= (Thomas) Little Fruit-eating Bat 1892. _Artibeus hartii_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:409, November, type from Trinidad, Lesser Antilles. 1908. _Enchistenes hartii_, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2:224, September 7. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo. _Enchistenes hartii_ is known from Tamaulipas only by the cranium reported by Goodwin (1954:5), and this is the northernmost known occurrence. The bat has not been reported from any other Mexican state bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. =Centurio senex= Gray Wrinkle-faced Bat 1842. _Centurio senex_ Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 10:259, December, type locality erroneously given as Amboyna, East Indies; subsequently restricted to Realejo, Chinandega, Nicaragua, by Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 87:327, December 31, 1946). _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical areas of southern part of state. The single specimen examined, a female weighing 23 grams that carried an embryo (17 mm. crown-rump length), was taken on June 14 in a mist net stretched between oak trees in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. One other female and one cranium have been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined differs from two seen from southern México (5 mi. SW Teapa, Tabasco, and 2 mi. S Tollosa, Oaxaca) in being brownish instead of grayish, but resembles in color two specimens from Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo. _Measurements._--A female from the Sierra de Tamaulipas affords the following measurements: Total length, 67; length of hind foot, 13; length of ear from notch, 15; length of forearm, 43.1; condylobasal length, 15.0; zygomatic breadth, 5.1; palatal length, 4.1; least interorbital constriction, 5.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.1. _Records of occurrence._--Specimen examined, one from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft. Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, 1954:114); Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:5). =Desmodus rotundus murinus= Wagner Vampire 1840. _D[esmodus]. murinus_ Wagner, _in_ Schreber, Die Säugthiere ..., Suppl., 1:337, type from México. 1912. _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ. 155, Zool. Ser., 10:63, January. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north at least to vicinity of Jiménez. Hall and Kelson (1959:151) listed a place 12 kilometers west and 8 kilometers north of Ciudad Victoria as the northernmost locality of record for _Desmodus_, but three specimens from Cueva La Esperanza, 6 kilometers southwest of Rancho Santa Rosa, are from a site slightly to the northwestward (12 mi.) of the locality first mentioned and a specimen from 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez represents the northeasternmost known occurrence of _Desmodus_ in eastern México. Most of the vampires examined in this study were taken in caves; those from four miles southwest of Padilla were obtained from a hollow tree. Nine specimens were collected in a small cave 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on January 18, when water on the floor of the cave was frozen; the bats were congregated on the ceiling at a height of 20 feet. In a cave in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 16 miles west and three miles south of Piedra, females and young were found some 50 yards from the entrance; _Natalus stramineus_ and _Glossophaga soricina_ were obtained from the same cave. In another cave only half a kilometer distant, 12 males were collected. In Cueva La Mula, _Desmodus_ was found near the mouth, whereas _Choeronycteris mexicana_ and two _Tadarida brasiliensis_ were collected in the deepest part. At Cueva La Esperanza, 300 feet deep and on the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, four different congregations of vampires were found along with about 400 _Natalus_. A male _Desmodus_ obtained in a cave 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez also was associated with _Natalus_. Females with embryos or in lactation were collected as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, March 10, one pregnant female (embryo 40 mm. in crown-rump length); Río Sabinas, May 23, two pregnant females (embryos 36 and 43 mm.); Sierra de Tamaulipas, June 13, five lactating females and one female taken alive that gave birth on June 16 to one young; Cueva La Mula, August, nine lactating females. A male from the Sierra Madre that was obtained on January 5 had testes 8 mm. long. The average weight of 21 adults from four miles southwest of Padilla was 39.1 (32.0-44.5) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 107: 3 mi. W, 6.5 mi. N Jiménez, 1250 ft., 1; Río Soto la Marina, 4 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 23; Cueva La Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 3; Cueva Los Troncones, 8 km. N, 12 km. W Cd. Victoria, Sierra Madre Oriental, 2500 ft., 2; Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 1900 ft., 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 19; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 16; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 1400 ft., 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 10; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria (_via_ Highway), 6 km. W of Highway, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 7; cave near headwaters Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 11. Additional records (Malaga and Villa, 1957:539): Cueva La Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (_via_ highway) Cd. Victoria; El Ojo de Agua, at km. 10 on Valles-Tampico highway; Cueva del Abra, 2 km. SSW Cd. Mante. =Diphylla ecaudata= Spix Hairy-legged Vampire 1823. _Diphylla ecaudata_ Spix, Simiarum et vespertilionum Brasiliensium ..., p. 68, type locality, Brazil, restricted to Rio San Francisco, Baía, by Cabrera (Rev. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., 4:94, March 27, 1958). _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern and central parts of state. The hairy-legged vampire was first reported from Tamaulipas by de la Torre (1954:114), who recorded a male from five miles northeast of Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón. Later in the same year Martin and Martin (1954:585) listed another male from El Pachón. Subsequently, Malaga and Villa (1957:543) reported specimens from two additional localities in the state, one of which (Cueva de la Sepultura) provides the northernmost place from which the species has been recorded. Malaga and Villa remarked that the species was abundant at Cueva de la Sepultura, being found in small groups clinging to the roof of the cave. Two females taken there on November 11 carried one embryo each; a lactating female was taken on November 14. The vampire, _Desmodus rotundus_, also was taken at Cueva de la Sepultura. I follow Burt and Stirton (1961:37) in treating _Diphylla ecaudata_ as a monotypic species. _Records_: Cueva de la Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (_via_ highway) Cd. Victoria (Malaga and Villa, 1957:543); 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (de la Torre, 1954:114); El Pachón (Martin and Martin, 1954:585); Cueva de Quintero, 4 km. SSW Quintero (Malaga and Villa, 1957:543). =Natalus stramineus saturatus= Dalquest and Hall Mexican Funnel-eared Bat 1949. _Natalus mexicanas saturatus_ Dalquest and Hall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153, August 23, type from 3 km. E San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz. 1959. _Natalus stramineus saturatus_, Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1977:7, December 22. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southwestern parts of state. All specimens examined were obtained from caves. At Cueva la Esperanza, approximately 400 individuals were found along with individuals of _Desmodus rotundus_; _Natalus_ and _Desmodus_ also were collected together in a cave approximately 30 yards deep three miles south and 14 miles west of Piedra, and in a cave six and a half miles north and 13 miles west of Jiménez, the northernmost locality from which _N. stramineus_ is presently known. Tamaulipan specimens do not differ significantly in external or cranial measurements in comparison with the specimens from Veracruz reported by Dalquest and Hall (1949:154), but do differ in color. Most are in the gray phase and are Avellaneus (grayish with yellowish hairs mixed) instead of Clay Color as are specimens from Veracruz; those few in the red phase are between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive instead of between Burnt Sienna and Chestnut. By consequence, bats from Tamaulipas resemble in color the smaller _N. s. mexicanus_ of western México to a greater degree than they resemble _N. s. saturatus_, but I follow Goodwin (1959:7). Dalquest and Hall (1949:154) reported the specimen from eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos as from San Luis Potosí, from which state the collector (Dalquest) evidently thought it had originated. Actually the place eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos is in Tamaulipas. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jiménez, 1250 ft., 14; Cueva de la Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 20; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 2; Ejido Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 20; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1. Additional records (Goodwin, 1959:8): Antiguo Morelos; El Pachón. =Myotis velifer incautus= (J. A. Allen) Cave Myotis 1896. _Vespertilio incautus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, type from San Antonio, Bexar Co., Texas. 1928. _Myotis velifer incautus_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:92, May 25. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably most of northern part of state; presently known only from three localities. The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a mist net in which _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Myotis keenii_, and _Tadarida brasiliensis_ also were captured. Both are females, one of which was lactating (June 20). Specimens from San Fernando probably were taken in houses by natives, who brought the bats to the collectors (Clifton and Bodley). The maxillary tooth-row and tibia are shorter, breadth across M3 narrower, and ear slightly longer in Tamaulipan specimens than in those for which measurements were given by Miller and Allen (1928:95), but the Tamaulipan specimens do not differ otherwise. The color in general is slightly more brownish than in Texan _incautus_, but about as in Oklahoman specimens examined. Three from San Fernando, Tamaulipas, are darker than others from that state. The average weight of 12 non-pregnant females from San Fernando was 11.0 (9.5-13) grams. The only male obtained at the same locality weighed 12 grams. _Measurements._--Six females from San Fernando afford the following measurements: 100.0 (95-107); 42.5 (38-46); 10.3 (10-11); 15.3 (14.5-16); length of tibia, 17.4 (16.5-18.9); length of forearm, 44.8 (43.4-45.7); greatest length of skull, 16.5 (16.1-16.9); condylobasal length, 15.6 (15.3-15.8); least interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.1); mastoid breadth, 8.3 (8.1-8.6); length of maxillary tooth-row, 6.5 (6.3-6.7); breadth across M3, 6.5 (6.0-6.9). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: San Fernando, 180 ft., 13; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 2. Additional record: Soto la Marina (Miller and Allen, 1928:93). =Myotis keenii auriculus= Baker and Stains Keen's Myotis 1955. _Myotis evotis auriculus_ Baker and Stains, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:83, December 10, type from 10 m. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., Sierra de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas. 1960. _Myotis keenii auriculus_, Findley, Jour. Mamm., 41:18, February. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type locality (2 specimens), but probably widely distributed in western part of state. The two specimens known from Tamaulipas were caught in a mist net stretched across a narrow, brush-bordered arroyo in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. I tentatively follow Findley (1960) in arranging _auriculus_ as a subspecies of _M. keenii_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, the holotype and one topotype. =Myotis californicus mexicanus= (Saussure) California Myotis 1890. _V[espertilio]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:282, July, type from an unknown locality, but Dalquest (Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:49, December 28, 1953) restricted the type locality to the "desert (warmer part) of the state of México, México." 1897. _Myotis californicus mexicanus_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:73, October 16. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western mountains of state in pine-oak forest. Only ten specimens of this species, five from Nicolás, two from Miquihuana and the other three, each from a different locality, have been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined from 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas, a young female that still has deciduous incisors, was obtained on July 24. Of the five specimens from Nicolás, which represent the largest series of _M. californicus_ ever reported from eastern México, some were caught in mist nets and others were shot over a water-hole. _Measurements._--Five skins and four skulls from Nicolás afford the following measurements: 86.0 (80-94); 39.0 (36-41); 7.4 (7-8.5); 13.7 (13.5-14.0); length of forearm, 33.0 (31.8-34.2); weight, 3.6 (3-4) grams; greatest length of skull, 13.9 (13.8-14.1); least interorbital constriction, 3.2 (3.1-3.3); breadth of braincase, 6.5 (6.4-6.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); breadth across M3, 5.1 (5.0-5.3). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 5; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1. Additional records: San José (Dice, 1937:249); Miquihuana (Miller and Allen, 1928:160); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:5). =Myotis nigricans dalquesti= Hall and Alvarez Black Myotis 1961. _Myotis nigricans dalquesti_ Hall and Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:71, December 29, type from 3 km. E of San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical part of state, presently known only from two localities. For taxonomic remarks concerning this bat see Hall and Alvarez (1961:72). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5, from 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft. Additional record: Cave in canyon of Río Boquillas, 8 km. SW Chamal (Goodwin, 1954:6). =Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus= (F. Cuvier) Eastern Pipistrelle 1832. _V[espertilio]. subflavus_ F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, type locality restricted to 3 mi. SW Riceboro, Liberty Co., Georgia, by W. H. Davis, Jour. Mamm., 40:522, November 20, 1959. 1897. _Pipistrellus subflavus_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:90, October 16. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Presently known only from three localities, but probably occurs in most of eastern part of state. Specimens examined are intermediate in color and measurements between _Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ and _P. s. veraecrucis_, but the color resembles that of individuals of _subflavus_ from Kansas more than that of specimens of _veraecrucis_ from Las Vigas, Veracruz. The two males from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino represent the southernmost record of the subspecies. _Measurements._--External measurements of two males (58849, 58848) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino and a male (60296) from Rancho Pano Ayuctle are, respectively, as follows: 78, 81, 83; 36, 38, 36; 10, 10, 9; 11, 11, 11; length of forearm, 33.1, 32.0, --; length of tibia, 14.6, 13.4, 13.0. Some cranial measurements of the two specimens from northwest of El Encino are: greatest length of skull, 12.8, 12.9; breadth of braincase, 6.5, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0, 4.1. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1. Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1894:128). =Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus= Dalquest Western Pipistrelle 1951. _Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus_ Dalquest, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 64:105, August 24, type from Presa de Guadalupe, San Luis Potosí. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs throughout southwest part, but presently known only from Joya Verde. The specimens reported herein were shot in July in a canyon that contained some standing water. According to the field notes of the collector (Schaldach), individuals of this bat in Tamaulipas flew later, in his experience, than bats of the same species in Sonora, Arizona and Coahuila, not emerging until it was almost fully dark. _Pipistrellus hesperus_ from Tamaulipas is identified as _P. h. potosinus_ owing to the dark color, but the averages of some measurements differ slightly from those given by Dalquest (1951:106) for _potosinus_ as follows: tail and ear shorter; foot larger; condylobasal length and cranial breadth less. _Measurements._--Average and extreme external and cranial measurements of five males from Joya Verde are: 73.2 (70-75); 27 (26-28); 7 (7); 12.4 (12-13); length of forearm, 31.0 (29.5-31.5); greatest length of skull, 12.4 (12.2-12.8); condylobasal length, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); breadth of braincase, 6.3 (6.0-6.5). Corresponding measurements of three females (60204, 60209, 60210) from the same locality are: 72, 78, 76; 27, 33, 35; 7, 7, 7; 12, 12, 12; 31, 31, 32; 12.3, 12.9, 13.5; 11.7, 12.2, --; 6.0, 6.6, 6.1. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 8, from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft. =Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis= (H. Allen) Big Brown Bat 1866. _S[cotophilus]. miradorensis_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:287, type from Mirador, Veracruz. 1812. _Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:62, December 31. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north at least to Miquihuana. Specimens from Miquihuana, Palmillas, and Nicolás were shot in flight at dusk; those from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were collected in a mist net. Five females, all taken in June, were lactating. Judging from Hall and Kelson's (1959:185) distribution map for the species, two subspecies, _E. f. fuscus_ and _E. f. miradorensis_, possibly occur in Tamaulipas, the former in the north and the latter in the south. Comparison of specimens presently available from the state (all from the southern part) with typical individuals of the two subspecies mentioned reveal that they resemble _miradorensis_ to a greater degree than _fuscus_ and they accordingly are assigned to the former. In measurements, the Tamaulipan specimens agree closely with _miradorensis_; in color, some resemble _miradorensis_ but others approach _fuscus_, possibly indicating intergradation between the two subspecies in the material at hand. Probably _E. f. fuscus_ will be found in the northern part of the state. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of nine females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three males, two from Miquihuana (55137, 55138) and one from Palmillas (55139), are respectively: 121.3 (111-127), 115, 107, 115; 51.9 (50-56), 50, 45, 52; 10.9 (9.5-11.0), 10, 10, 11; 17.8 (17-18), 18, 18, 18; length of forearm, 49.6 (48-52.6), 48.9, 49.1, 49.1; length of tibia, 18.8 (18.2-19.3), 20.5, 17.3, 18.0; condylobasal length, 18.9 (18.5-19.3), 19.3, --, 18.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.1 (12.7-13.5), --, 13.0, 13.3; interorbital constriction, 4.2 (3.7-4.4), 4.0, 4.3, 4.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.3 (7.1-7.5), --, 7.2, 7.2. Five lactating females weighed 20 (17-23) grams, and three males 17.5 (17-8) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 1. Additional record: Aserradero del Paraiso (Goodwin, 1954:186). =Lasiurus borealis= Red Bat Two subspecies of _Lasiurus borealis_ have been reported from Tamaulipas. One, _L. b. borealis_, is known only from Matamoros, whereas the other, _L. b. teliotis_, is widely distributed in the central and southern parts. A young animal from Ciudad Victoria was captured inside a house. All specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets, in which _Centurio senex_, _Pteronotus parnelli_, and _Mormoops megalophyla_ also were taken. =Lasiurus borealis borealis= (Müller) 1776. _Vespertilio borealis_ Müller, Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständiges Natursystem ..., Suppl., p. 20, type from New York. 1897. _Lasiurus borealis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105, October 16. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only by two specimens from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:108). =Lasiurus borealis teliotis= (H. Allen) 1891. _Atalapha teliotis_ H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 29:5, April 10, type from an unknown locality, probably some part of California. 1897. _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:110, October 16. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Generally distributed in higher parts of state. Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 10.0 (8-12) grams; five males from there weighed 9.2 (8-10) grams. According to Hall and Kelson (1959:188), males of this species usually are more brightly colored than females but this phenomenon is not evident in the Tamaulipan specimens. Males do, however, average slightly smaller than females. The name _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_ is employed following Handley (1960:472); formerly _L. b. ornatus_ Hall was applied (Hall and Kelson, 1959:190) to bats here referred to as _teliotis_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Cd. Victoria, 1800 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4. =Lasiurus cinereus cinereus= (Palisot de Beauvois) Hoary Bat 1776. _Vespertilio cinereus_ (misspelled _linereus_) Palisot de Beauvois, Catalogue raisonné du muséum de Mr. C. W. Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, type from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1864. _Lasiurus cinereus_ H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7 (publ. 165): 21, June. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide but so far reported only from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:114), and Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6--cranium only). =Lasiurus intermedius intermedius= H. Allen Northern Yellow Bat 1862. _Lasiurus intermedius_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14:246, "April" (between May 27 and August 1), type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Eastern half of state, known only from three localities. The three specimens examined were taken in mist nets along with _Lasiurus ega_, _Pteronotus rubiginosus_ and _Mormoops megalophylla_. The generic name _Lasiurus_ is used instead of _Dasypterus_ following Hall and Jones (1961). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2. Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1862:246). =Lasiurus ega xanthinus= (Thomas) Southern Yellow Bat 1897. _Dasypterus ega xanthinus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 20:544, December, type from Sierra Laguna, Baja California. 1953. _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:61, December 28. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs in southern and western parts of state; certainly known only from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Three June-taken females, all captured in mist nets, were lactating. Hall and Jones (1961:91) assigned all Mexican specimens of the southern yellow bat to _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_, but remarked that specimens from western México were paler than those from the east. Of the six specimens examined from Tamaulipas, four are dark, resembling in color specimens from Veracruz, Yucatán and Costa Rica, and the other two are somewhat paler, approaching specimens from Baja California, Zacatecas and Coahuila. In measurements, Tamaulipan specimens of _Lasiurus ega_ generally resemble specimens from the west, but differ from any other _L. ega_ seen in having a longer tail, longer ear, and shorter maxillary tooth-row. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 4; 10 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 16 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra, 1400 ft., 1. =Nycticeius humeralis= Evening Bat _Nycticeius humeralis_ has the same distributional pattern in Tamaulipas as has _Lasiurus borealis_ in that both are represented there by two subspecies, one known only from Matamoros and the other occurring in the rest of the state. Bats of this species (_N. h. mexicanus_) from Ciudad Victoria and some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were shot in flight in evening; others from the last-mentioned locality were taken in mist nets. Lactating females (22 specimens) were collected in June and July. =Nycticeius humeralis humeralis= (Rafinesque) 1818. _Vespertilio humeralis_ Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag., 3(6):445, October, type from Kentucky. 1819. _N[ycticeius]. humeralis_ Rafinesque, Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. et Arts, Paris, 88:417, June. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Matamoros (Miller, 1897:120), one specimen. =Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus= Davis 1944. _Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus_ Davis, Jour. Mamm., 25:380, December 12, type from Río Ramos, 1000 ft., 20 km. NW Montemorelos, Nuevo León. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known certainly only from central part, but probably occurs at suitable places in all but extreme northern Tamaulipas. Twenty-seven of 37 adults of _N. humeralis_ examined from Tamaulipas are pale as is _N. h. mexicanus_, but 10 are darker and approach _N. h. humeralis_ in this respect. Twenty-two females averaged 10.3 (9-13) grams and eight males averaged 9.5 (8-11) grams in weight. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 45: Cd. Victoria, 10; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2-3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4. =Rhogeëssa tumida tumida= H. Allen Little Yellow Bat 1866. _R[hogeëssa]. tumida_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:286, type from Mirador, Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeastern part of state. Specimens obtained from the vicinity of La Pesca were shot as were some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Others from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets that were stretched across a small pool in an arroyo; _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Myotis velifer_, _M. keenii_ and _Nycticeus humeralis_ were captured in the same nets. Females evidently bear young in Tamaulipas in April and May. Fourteen of 15 females collected at La Pesca in May were lactating, as were five of 31 taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas in June. The weight of 46 females averaged 5.5 (4-7) grams, and that of nine males, 4.5 (4-5) grams. Comparison of specimens from Tamaulipas with individuals from Veracruz reveals little difference in general color between the two samples. Most Tamaulipan specimens examined are dull yellowish brown, but some are darker. Goodwin (1954:6) reported a specimen from Santa María as being dark brown. Measurements of 10 females (see below) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas average a little larger than those reported by Miller (1897:123-124), Hall (1952:232), and Goodwin (1958:10-12). I follow the last author in using the specific name _R. tumida_ for this bat. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10 females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are as follows: 80.1 (78-83); 35.5 (33-37); 7.9 (7.5-8.0); 13.1 (13-14); length of forearm, 31.9 (30.6-33.0); greatest length of skull, 13.4 (13.1-13.8); zygomatic breadth, 8.6 (8.2-8.8); mastoid breadth, 5.6 (5.3-5.8); breadth across M3, 5.7 (5.5-6.0); length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.8 (4.7-4.9). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 59: 4 mi. N La Pesca, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 2 mi. N La Pesca, 11; 1 mi. N La Pesca, 4; La Pesca, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 39. Additional record: Santa María (Goodwin, 1958:3). =Plecotus phyllotis= (G. M. Allen) Allen's Big-eared Bat 1916. _Corynorhynus phyllotis_ G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60:352, April, type from San Luis Potosí, probably near city of same name. 1959. _Plecotus phyllotis_, Handley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 110:130, Sept. 3. 1923. _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony, Amer. Mus. Novit., 54:1, January 17, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana. The only specimen of this bat known from Tamaulipas was reported by Anthony (1923:1), and formed the basis of his description of _Idionycteris mexicanus_, a synonym of _Plecotus phyllotis_ according to Handley (1956:53 and 1959:130). =Antrozous pallidus pallidus= (Le Conte) Pallid Bat 1856. _V[espertilio]. pallidus_ Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia, 7:437, type from El Paso, El Paso Co., Texas. 1864. _Antrozous pallidus_, H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7 (Publ. 165): 68, June. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from a single ramus from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6). =Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana= (Saussure) Brazilian Free-tailed Bat 1860. _Molossus mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:283, July, type from Cofre de Perote, 13,000 ft., Veracruz. 1955. _Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana_, Schwartz, Jour. Mamm., 36:108, February 28. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, but presently known from only five localities. A female taken on June 21 in a mist net on the Sierra de Tamaulipas carried an embryo that was 29 mm. in crown-rump length. Two specimens were shot in flight in the deepest part of Cueva La Mula. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 8 km. S Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2. Additional records: Río Bravo (town) (Villa, 1956:8); Rancho "La Isla," 3 km. N El Limón (Malaga and Villa, 1957:560); Cueva del Abra (_ibid._); no specific locality (Shamel, 1931:6). =Tadarida aurispinosa= (Peale) Peale's Free-tailed Bat 1848. _Dysopes aurispinosus_ Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8:21, type taken on board the U. S. S. Peacock at sea, approximately 100 mi. S Cape San Roque, Brazil. 1931. _Tadarida aurispinosa_, Shamel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78:11, May 6. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Cueva del Abra, six miles north-northeast of Antiguo Morelos. Carter and Davis (1961) recorded for the first time this species from North America, on the basis of five specimens collected at Cueva del Abra. From the same locality P. L. Clifton collected several owl pellets which provide, besides many skulls of _Tadarida laticaudata_, four crania of _T. aurispinosa_. Available measurements of three, of the four _T. aurispinosa_, resemble those given by Carter and Davis (_op. cit._) for their specimens. Measurements of the fourth cranium are smaller (greatest length of skull, 19.4; zygomatic breadth, 11.1; interorbital constriction, 3.7; cranial breadth, 9.1; mastoid breadth, 10.7; basal length, 16.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.4; breadth across M3, 7.9), but not outside the expected range of individual variation if we can judge by the range recorded by Jones and Alvarez (1962) for the related _Tadarida laticaudata_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4, from [Cueva del Abra], 6 mi. (by road) NNE Antiguo Morelos. =Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea= Goodwin Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat 1954. _Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1670:2, June 28, type from 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from southeastern part of state. Specimens from three miles south and 16 miles west of Piedra were found in a crevice inside a cave. Two days previously _Desmodus rotundus_ and _Natalus stramineus_ were obtained from the same cave. All other specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets. _Nycticeus humeralis_, _Myotis velifer_, _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Lasiurus borealis_ and _L. intermedius_ were taken in nets that also captured _T. laticaudata_. All specimens taken (June 19-23) in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were females, except one. Of 33 females taken, 27 carried a single embryo each, the embryos averaging 27.0 (25-28) mm. in crown-rump length; the other five were lactating. Weight of the pregnant females averaged 16.0 (13-18) grams and that of the five lactating individuals averaged 13.0 (12-14) grams. A male weighed 22 grams. For the taxonomic status of this species in North America see Jones and Alvarez (1962). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 65: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 27; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 5 mi. S El Mante, 8 (AMNH); 11 mi. S El Mante, 13 (AMNH); 10 km. NNE Antiguo Morelos, 1; 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 7 (5 AMNH, 2 KU); 20 mi. SW El Mante, 2 (AMNH). =Molossus ater nigricans= Miller Red Mastiff Bat 1902. _Molossus nigricans_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:395, September 12, type from Acaponeta, Nayarit. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north at least to Guemes. At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, according to the field notes of the collector (Schaldach), the red mastiff bat was common, and found daytime retreats in hollows in cypress trees. Schaldach twice found groups of bats in such hollows. _M. a. nigricans_ is an early forager and most individuals seen were in flight before sunset, usually flying in a more or less straight line at heights of 25 to 60 feet above the ground. The odor of the chest gland was described by Schaldach as "strong" and "geranium-like." A female obtained three miles northeast of Guemes on August 19 carried a single embryo that was 33 mm. in crown-rump length. Specimens examined average slightly smaller than the type specimen, especially in total length, length of hind foot, length of skull and length of maxillary tooth-row. Davis (1951:219) also noted some of these same differences in a specimen examined by him from two miles south of Ciudad Victoria. The variation in color is great among Tamaulipan specimens. Of the 15 examined, two are Dark Mummy Brown, six are Mummy Brown, six are Sudan Brown, and one is paler than Sudan Brown. I follow Goodwin (1960:6) in using the specific name _ater_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: 3 mi. NE Guemes, 2; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante and 3 km. W Pan-American Hwy., 2200 ft., 8; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2. Additional records (Davis, 1951:219): 2 mi. S Cd. Victoria; Altamira. =Ateles geoffroyi velerosus= Gray Spider Monkeys 1866. _Ateles vellerosus_ Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 773 (for 1865), April, type locality "Brasil?"; restricted to Mirador, 2000 ft., about 15 mi. NE Huatusco, Veracruz, by Kellogg and Goldman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:33, November 2, 1944. 1944. _Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus_, Kellogg and Goldman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:32, November 2. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably extreme southern part. No specimens of this monkey have been taken in Tamaulipas although Kellogg and Goldman (1944:34) pointed out that it probably occurred in the tropical forest of the southern part of the state. Later, Villa (1958:347) reported that A. Malaga Alba saw monkeys in 1954 at Barranca de Caballeros, approximately 25 kilometers north-northwest of Ciudad Victoria. No other report of their occurrence in the state has been forthcoming. =Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus= Peters Nine-banded Armadillo 1864. _Dasypus novemcinctus_ var. _mexicanus_ Peters, Montsb. preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 180, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas (see Hollister, Jour. Mamm., 6:60, February 9, 1925). 1920. _D[asypus]. novemcinctus mexicanus_, Goldman, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 69 (5):66, April 24. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide except on Mexican Plateau; presently known only from five localities. A 13-pound female from four kilometers west-southwest of La Purisima was captured after it was forced by the collector (Dalquest) and his dog out of the burrow that was under a log. A young specimen examined from seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima was captured by a dog. A partial skeleton including the skull was picked up on the barrier beach at a place 33 miles south of Washington Beach. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3 (see text immediately above). Additional records: Matamoros (Hollister, 1925:60); Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:11). =Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei= (J. A. Allen) Forest Rabbit 1890. _Lepus truei_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:192, December 10, type from Mirador, Veracruz. 1950. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei_, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:351, May 26. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state; known only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:7). =Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus= (J. A. Allen) Desert Cottontail 1904. _Lepus (Sylvilagus) parvulus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam, Hidalgo. 1909. _Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:236, August 31. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state. The specimen examined, a male that weighed 646 grams, was shot at night. This species occurs only in western Tamaulipas. Hall and Kelson (1959:267, map 187) mistakenly plotted El Mulato, as being in the eastern part of the state; actually this locality is in the San Carlos Mountains of the west, near the boundary between Tamaulipas and Nuevo León. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft. Additional records (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; Guerrero; Mier; Camargo; El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana. =Sylvilagus floridanus= Eastern Cottontail This species occurs throughout Tamaulipas. A female from Soto la Marina, obtained on May 17, was lactating; another from 12 miles northwest of San Carlos, on August 23, carried two embryos that were 15 mm. in crown-rump length. =Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani= (J. A. Allen) 1899. _Lepus floridanus chapmani_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:12, March 4, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces Co., Texas. 1904. _Sylvilagus (Sylvilagus) floridanus chapmani_, Lyon, Smith. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern two-thirds of state. A male and pregnant female from 12 miles northwest of San Carlos weighed, respectively, 650 and 690 grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: San Fernando, 180 ft., 3; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 3; La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 6; Ejido Eslabones, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2. Additional record: Jaumave (Nelson, 1909:178). =Sylvilagus floridanus connectens= (Nelson) 1904. _Lepus floridanus connectens_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:105, May 18, type from Chichicaxtle, Veracruz. 1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus connectens_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:32, January 28. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state. This subspecies has been reported previously from Tamaulipas only from Altamira. Specimens from 10 kilometers north and eight kilometers west of El Encino and 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, judging by their large size, dark color, and ochraceous brown (rather than pale ochraceous as in _S. f. chapmani_) upper sides of the hind feet are assignable to _connectens_. Goodwin (1954:7) reported specimens from Chamal, Joya de Salas, Gómez Farías, and Pano Ayuctle as _S. f. chapmani_, remarking that they were intergrades between _chapmani_ and _connectens_. Specimens reported by Goodwin are here assigned to _S. f. connectens_ because the measurements of the specimen from eight kilometers west of El Encino are typical of that subspecies. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 5200 ft., 1. Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:7, unless otherwise noted): Chamal; La Joya de Salas; Gómez Farías; Rancho Pano Ayuctle; Altamira (Nelson, 1909:186). =Lepus californicus= Black-tailed Jack Rabbit The black-tailed jack rabbit is the only species of _Lepus_ known from Tamaulipas and is represented there by three subspecies, _L. c. merriami_ of the northern part of the state, _L. c. altamirae_ of the southeastern coastal plains, and _L. c. curti_ of the barrier beach south of Matamoros. The known ranges of the three subspecies are not presently known to meet in Tamaulipas. =Lepus californicus altamirae= Nelson 1904. _Lepus merriami altamirae_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:109, May 18, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas. 1951. _Lepus californicus altamirae_, Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern coastal plain north certainly to vicinity of Soto la Marina. The two specimens examined in this study (see below) are intermediate between _L. c. altamirae_ and _L. c. curti_, but show greater resemblance to the former. In measurements they resemble _altamirae_ rather than the smaller _curti_. They approach the latter in length of hind foot and are intermediate between the two subspecies in basilar length; in one specimen, the dimensions of the rostrum are as in _curti_ and the other has the black patch on the posterior surface of the ear well developed, as in _altamirae_, but in the other the black is reduced. _L. c. altamirae_ has been known previously only from Altamira. _Measurements._--Two male adults (55415, 55416) from north of Soto la Marina, afford the following external measurements: 610, 590; 100, 100; 124, 125; 124, 122 (length of ear from notch, dry, 114, 110). Cranial measurements are: basilar length, 75.1, 74.4; length of nasals, 46.1, 41.9; width of rostrum at PM, 25.1, 28.7; height of rostrum in front of PM, 25.2, 21.5; diameter of auditory bulla, 14.1, 13.0. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. NW Soto la Marina, 1. Additional record: Altamira (Nelson, 1904:109). =Lepus californicus curti= Hall 1951. _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from barrier beach 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only by the three specimens mentioned in the original description from two barrier islands in northeastern part of state. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 2; 90 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1. =Lepus californicus merriami= Mearns 1896. _Lepus merriami_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 2, March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas. 1909. _Lepus californicus merriami_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:148, August 31. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern and western parts of state. The two specimens examined, an adult female and a young male, from the barrier beach 33 miles south of Washington Beach are intergrades between _L. c. merriami_, reported from the mainland from as near as Matamoros, and _L. c. curti_, which occurs farther to the south on the same series of barrier beaches. Of seven characters that seem to differentiate the two subspecies, the adult female from 33 miles south of Washington beach resembles _merriami_ in four as follows: tips of ears black (white in _curti_); nasals long; hind foot long; and supraoccipital process broad. The specimen resembles _curti_ in shortness of tail and in having small auditory bullae. Breadth of rostrum above premolars, the seventh character, is less than in typical specimens of either of the two subspecies. More material is needed from the barrier beach in order to establish with certainty the relationships between jack rabbits occurring there. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 2. Additional records: Nuevo Laredo (Nelson, 1909:150); Mier (_ibid._); Camargo (_ibid._); Matamoros (Hall, 1951:185); Tamaulipeca, San Carlos Mts. (_ibid._). =Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens= Mearns Mexican Ground Squirrel 1896. _Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 1, March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern part of state, south at least to Xicotencatl. Most of the specimens examined from Tamaulipas are in the brown phase (Howell, 1938:121) and differ from _S. m. parvidens_ from Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo León in being darker dorsally. Nevertheless, some individuals are as pale as those examined from the mentioned states. Measurements of Tamaulipan specimens average smaller than those given by Howell (1938:121) and Baker (1956:205) for _parvidens_. Specimens from San Fernando differ slightly from those from Soto la Marina in having a relatively long tail (average 69.2 instead of 62.1 per cent of length of head and body) and in having the upper parts of the hind feet ochraceous instead of nearly white. Two May-taken females from Soto la Marina carried 5 and 7 embryos that were 10 mm. in crown-rump length; another taken there was lactating. Weight of six non-pregnant females from San Fernando averaged 160.6 (129-197) grams. Two males from the same locality weighed 164 and 145 grams. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of four males and three females from Soto la Marina are, as follows: 312.6 (296-330); 119.8 (110-130); 41.6 (38-43). Average cranial measurements of five specimens (two males, three females) from same locality are: greatest length of skull, 44.7 (43.7-47.4); zygomatic breadth, 26.9 (25.3-28.6); breadth of braincase, 19.4 (19.2-19.5); interorbital constriction, 13.3 (12.5-14.1); length of nasals, 15.9 (14.6-17.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.3 (8.0-8.5). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 20: San Fernando, 180 ft., 12; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 8. Additional records (Howell, 1938:121 unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; Reynosa; Bagdad; Victoria; Xecotencatl [= Xicotencatl] (J. A. Allen, 1891:223). =Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus= Alvarez Spotted Ground Squirrel 1962. _Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:123, March 7, type from 1 mi. E La Pesca, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type locality and from parts of the barrier beach, but possibly occurs at other places in northeastern parts of state. The 10 specimens from the type locality were trapped or shot on the beach, which was covered by thick, low, scattered bushes and grass. Of the many holes found there, some probably were used by ground squirrels and others by crabs. A female, taken on July 7 with two young at a place 33 miles south of Washington Beach, weighed 133 grams and had six placental scars. This specimen (reported as _Spermophilus spilosoma annectens_ by Selander _et al._, 1962:335) resembles others examined from the barrier beach (see Alvarez, 1962:124) and is therefore assigned to _S. s. oricolus_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 24: 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 12; 89 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 10. =Spermophilus variegatus couchii= Baird Rock Squirrel 1855. _Spermophilus couchii_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1:332, April, type from Santa Catarina, a few miles west of Monterrey, Nuevo León. 1955. _Spermophilus variegatus couchii_, Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 9:207, June 15. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Possibly in southwestern part; reported only from Ciudad Victoria (Howell, 1938:141). Since Baird (1855:332) described _S. v. couchii_ and mentioned a specimen from Ciudad Victoria that was obtained by Berlandier, no other record from Tamaulipas has come to light. Probably the species obtained by Berlandier was introduced at Ciudad Victoria by man. =Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster= Cuvier Red-bellied Squirrel 1829. [_Sciurus_] _aureogaster_ Cuvier, _in_ Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 6, livr. 59 pl. with text, September (binomen published only at end of work, table générale et méthodique, 7:4, 1842), type locality "California"; restricted to Altamira, Tamaulipas, by Nelson (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:38, May 9, 1899). _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical forest of southern part; north at least to Rancho Santa Rosa. According to one collector (Schaldach), natives referred to _Sciurus aureogaster_ as "ardilla pinta" or "ardilla colorada." He recorded in his field notes that _S. aureogaster_ was most active between 7:00 and 9:00 a. m. and again from 3:00 to 5:00 p. m., that the nest was constructed of green oak leaves, and that the nest resembles somewhat in size and form that of _S. carolinensis_. Of 53 specimens examined, 17 are black and one from 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria is clearly more whitish than the others. Specimens from the northeastern part of the range of the species (= southeastern Tamaulipas) average darker than those from the south and west. In individuals that are not black, the ventral reddish color covers the shoulders and in some it extends between the shoulders to the median dorsal area. Among females collected from December through May, only one, taken 43 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on March 17, was pregnant (one embryo). The weight of seven adult males from Soto la Marina and the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 492.5 (400-575) grams. Specimens herein reported from San Fernando provide the northernmost record of the species. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 53: San Fernando, 180 ft., 5; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 5; Soto la Marina (3 mi. N), 500 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 43 km. S Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 5; 70 km. (by highway) S Cd. Victoria, 6 mi. W of Pan-American Highway, 3; 2 mi. W El Carrizo, 7; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 1; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1. Additional records: Río Corono (= Corona) (J. A. Allen, 1891:222); Victoria (Kelson, 1952:249); Santa María (Goodwin, 1954:8); 3 mi. NW Acuña, 3500 ft. (Hooper, 1953:4); Forlón (Nelson, 1899:42); NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:8); Altamira (Nelson, 1899:42); Tampico (J. A. Allen, 1891:222). =Sciurus deppei negligens= Nelson Deppe's Squirrel 1898. _Sciurus negligens_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:147, June 3, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas. 1953. _Sciurus deppei negligens_, Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:4, March 25. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical forest in southern part of state, north to Rancho Santa Rosa and Padilla. In Tamaulipas this squirrel is called "ardilla chica" or "ardilla barcina," and is abundant in areas where tall trees and dense brush prevail. This species evidently does not have restricted periods of activity, as does _S. aureogaster_, but is active throughout the day. At El Carrizo a nest, nine to 10 inches in diameter and constructed of leaves and small sticks, was in a thick tangle of branches 25 feet above the ground. A male having testes 11 mm. long was in the nest. Among 16 females collected in the months of February, May and June, only two, taken in February, were lactating. A female from 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, had four placental scars, three on the right side and one on the left, along with a resorbed embryo on the right side; according to the collector "the scars appeared quite recent, as evidenced by the fact that not all of the blood had been resorbed yet." The northernmost localities from which _S. d. negligens_ has been reported are nine and a half miles southwest of Padilla in the east, and Rancho Santa Rosa in the west. Three males from the vicinity of Padilla weighed 309, 276, and 261 grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 92: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 3; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 20; 70 km. (by highway) S Cd. Victoria and 6 mi. W Pan-American Highway, 43; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 12; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2. Additional records: Victoria (Nelson, 1898:147); Santa María (Goodwin, 1954:8); Rancho Viejo (_ibid._); Rancho del Cielo (_ibid._); 3 mi. NW Acuña (Hooper, 1953:4); Pano Ayuctle (_ibid._); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:8); Mesa de Llera, 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4); Altamira (Nelson, 1898:147). =Sciurus alleni= Nelson Allen's Squirrel 1898. _Sciurus alleni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:147, June 3, type from Monterrey, Nuevo León. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Along Sierra Madre Oriental in southwestern part of state. This squirrel occurs in stands of oak and "nogalillos" (hickory) trees that grow along streams and arroyos. Individuals are active from sunrise to about 10:00 a. m. and again late in the afternoon. They give a soft "chirring" call. Nelson (1899:92) noted that specimens from Miquihuana were smaller than those from the type locality. Among specimens I have examined, some are as large as topotypes and two females are larger (total length, 486 and 490) than measurements given for the species by Nelson (_op. cit._). _Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11, from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft. Additional records: Near Victoria (Nelson, 1899:92); Miquihuana (_ibid._); Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:8). =Glaucomys volans herreranus= Goldman Southern Flying Squirrel 1936. _Glaucomys volans herreranus_ Goldman, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 26:463, November 15, type from Mts. of Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:9 and 1961:9). =Geomys personatus personatus= True Texas Pocket Gopher 1889. _Geomys personatus_ True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11:159 for 1888, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron County, Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the barrier beach in northeastern part of state. The specimens examined are referred, tentatively, to _Geomys personatus personatus_ on geographic grounds. They average smaller in all measurements than _personatus_ (but are larger than _G. p. megapotamus_), do not have the sagittal crest that usually is present in _personatus_, and the shape of the pterygoid bones is distinctive. In _personatus_ and _megapotamus_ the ventral border of the pterygoids (in lateral view) is convex instead of nearly straight as in specimens from the barrier beach. The specimens recorded here are all that are known of _G. personatus_ (see account of _G. tropicalis_) from México. _Measurements._--Average and extreme external measurements of five females from 73 miles south of Washington Beach are as follows: 266.8 (263-271); 94.8 (91-98); 34 (33-35). Cranial measurements of two males (89038, 89032) and average and extremes of five females are respectively: basal length, 49.1, 46.6, 45.9 (44.2-46.8); basilar length, 42.9, 40.0, 39.8 (38.0-40.8); zygomatic breadth, 29.6, 28.3, 28.0 (25.7-29.9); squamosal breadth, 27.8, 25.9, 26.2 (23.8-25.4); interorbital constriction, 7.4, 6.9, 7.3 (6.7-7.8); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.3, 9.2, 9.4 (9.1-9.7). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: 35 mi. SSE Matamoros, 8; 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 73 mi. S Washington Beach, 8. Additional record: 4 mi. S Washington Beach (Selander _et al._, 1962:335--possibly fragmentary skeletal remains never catalogued in any research collection). =Geomys tropicalis= Goldman Tropical Pocket Gopher 1915. _Geomys personatus tropicalis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 28:134, June 29, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from vicinity of type locality, in southeastern part of state. _Geomys tropicalis_ was named as a subspecies of _G. personatus_ in 1915 by E. A. Goldman. To my knowledge, no one other than Goldman has critically studied specimens of this pocket gopher, nor have specimens other than those listed in the original description been reported up to now. In 1953, Gerd H. Heinrich collected a series of 19 individuals one mile south of Altamira. These specimens were compared (by E. R. Hall in March, 1962) with the holotype and paratypes of _G. p. tropicalis_ and were found to be indistinguishable. Careful comparisons of the specimens from one mile south of Altamira with topotypes of _G. personatus personatus_ (and specimens of other subspecies) indicate that _tropicalis_ differs from _personatus_ in a number of important characters, some of which _tropicalis_ shares with _Geomys arenarius_ of the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent areas in Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua (see Table 2). TABLE 2.--DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THREE SPECIES OF GEOMYS. =========================+==============+===============+============== |_G. arenarius_|_G. personatus_|_G. tropicalis_ -------------------------+--------------+---------------+-------------- Zygomatic arches | parallel | narrower | narrower | | posteriorly | posteriorly Sagittal crest | absent | present | small Squamosal knob | present | absent | present Interparietal | subquadrant | triangular | triangular Mesopterygoid fossa | V-shaped | U-shaped | V-shaped Ratio, zygomatic breadth | | | to basal length | 63.7-66.6 | 66.3-67.2 | 60.8-66.2 Ratio, mastoid breadth | | | to basal length | 58.0-60.4 | 59.8-63.1 | 58.0-59.6 Border of premaxilla at | | | incisive foramina | wedge-shaped | subquadrate | subquadrate -------------------------+--------------+---------------+-------------- As can be seen in the accompanying table _tropicalis_ resembles _arenarius_ in half of the eight characters considered, especially in the presence of a knob on the zygomatic process of the squamosal (the diagnostic character of _arenarius_ according to Merriam, 1895:140) and in the shape of the mesopterygoid fossa. _G. tropicalis_ differs from _arenarius_ principally in having a low sagittal crest in adult males (lacking in _arenarius_) and in the shape of the interparietal bone, which in _tropicalis_ is small (in some skulls difficult to see) and triangular instead of being relatively large and subquadrate as in _arenarius_. _G. tropicalis_ resembles _personatus_ in half of the characters considered, notably in shape of the interparietal bone, outline of zygomatic arches, and constriction of the premaxillae where they border the incisive foramina. Considering the distinctive combination of characters possessed by _tropicalis_, and its isolated, restricted geographic range (the nearest known record of _Geomys_ is approximately 165 miles to the north), _tropicalis_ is here regarded as a full species. A skull alone examined from 10 miles northwest of Tampico does not differ from those of other specimens studied. The average weight of five non-pregnant July-taken females was 189.4 (180-200) grams. Weights of three males were 280, 270, and 255 grams. Females are in all measurements smaller than males. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of five females and three males from one mile south of Altamira are, respectively, as follows: 243.5 (235-250), 260, 260, 265; 82.0 (78-85), 87, 93, 89; 32.2 (31-33), 35, 35, 33; ear from notch in both sexes, 5; condylobasal length, 42.3 (41.3-43.1), 46.0, 48.0, 46.2; zygomatic breadth, 26.6 (25.1-27.7), 30.4, 31.2, 30.5; interorbital constriction, 6.2 (6.1-6.3), 6.0, 6.2, 6.3; length of nasals, 14.6 (14.0-15.3), 17.0, 16.8, 15.9; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), 9.9, 10.0, 9.4. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 1 mi. S Altamira, 18; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1. Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1915:134). =Heterogeomys hispidus negatus= Goodwin Hispid Pocket Gopher 1953. _Heterogeomys hispidus negatus_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1620:1, May 4, type from Gómez Feras [Farías], 1300 ft., Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the vicinity of the type locality. Specimens of this pocket gopher were taken in large Macabee traps, at night with the aid of a dog, and by natives using slingshots. Mounds of _H. hispidus_ were common two miles west of El Carrizo near banana trees; the mouths of burrows were four to five inches in diameter. Two females collected at this locality on April 16 and 17 were lactating. Specimens examined of _H. hispidus_ from Tamaulipas resemble the description of _H. h. negatus_ more than that of _H. h. concavus_, and are referred, therefore, to _negatus_. I assume, on geographic grounds, that the individuals reported by Hooper (1953:5) as _concavus_ are _negatus_; they are here referred to as _negatus_. If this referral is correct, the subspecies _concavus_ probably does not occur in Tamaulipas. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; 5 km. W El Carrizo, 4. Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:5); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1953:1). =Cratogeomys castanops= Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher Two subspecies of _Cratogeomys castanops_ occur in Tamaulipas, _C. c. planifrons_ in the higher elevations of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the western part of the state, and _C. c. tamaulipensis_ on the plains of the Río Grande. Specimens from Miquihuana were trapped in tunnels at 6400 feet elevation. At Palmillas, individuals were trapped in an area of mesquite, other bushes and "lechuguilla." Three specimens from southeast of Reynosa were collected in traps set along the dikes of irrigation ditches. Most specimens from Nicolás were brought by natives to the collector, but some were caught in traps set in tunnels among the desert bushes. =Cratogeomys castanops planifrons= Nelson and Goldman 1943. _Cratogeomys castanops planifrons_ Nelson and Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:146, June 13, type from Miquihuana, 5000 ft., Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Higher elevations in southwestern part of state. Specimens from four miles north of Jaumave do not differ from specimens from Miquihuana. The weights of nine females averaged 146.4 (110-210) grams; three males weighed 178, 203, and 215 grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 29: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 9; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 15. =Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis= Nelson and Goldman 1934. _Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis_ Nelson and Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:141, June 13, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two localities in extreme northern part of state, but probably occurs throughout northeastern part of state. Three specimens from three miles southeast of Reynosa are referred to _C. c. tamaulipensis_ on geographic grounds. They are tawny brown dorsally instead of cinnamon brown or pinkish cinnamon as Nelson and Goldman (1943:141) described _tamaulipensis_, and the basioccipital bone (in one male) is parallel-sided instead of wedge-shaped. Possibly this difference is owing to sex; Nelson and Goldman studied only one adult, a female (the type), and the only adult seen by me was a male. _Measurements._--An adult male (58118) from three miles southeast of Reynosa, measured as follows: 301; 81; 40; 7; condylobasal length, 57.0; zygomatic breadth, 41.2; palatal length, 36.1; breadth of rostrum, 11.8; length of nasals, 22.0; squamosal breadth, 34.0; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.8. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3, from 3 mi. SE Reynosa. Additional record: Matamoros (Nelson and Goldman, 1934:140). =Perognathus merriami merriami= J. A. Allen Merriam's Pocket Mouse 1892. _Perognathus merriami_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4:45, March 25, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide except southwestern part. Most of the available specimens of _P. m. merriami_ were collected in the semi-arid areas of mesquite and grasses. At Soto la Marina _P. m. merriami_ was abundant in open fields surrounded by brush. One female, collected on July 4, one mile south of Altamira was lactating. Weights of 16 adults from Soto la Marina and that of nine adults from the vicinity of San Fernando are, respectively: 8.2 (7-10) and 8.1 (7-9) grams. Specimens from Tamaulipas are darker than those examined from Coahuila and southern Texas. A skull picked up on the barrier beach, 73 miles south of Washington Beach, differs from all other skulls examined in having the rostrum (3.6 mm.) and M1 (4.3) wider, auditory bullae relatively smaller, and glenoid fossa larger (2.6 instead of less than 2.3 in specimens from Soto la Marina). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 46: 4-4.5 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 4; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 2; 1 mi. S Santa Teresa, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 2 mi. W San Fernando, 180 ft., 14; 73 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 1; Soto la Marina, 19; Ciudad Victoria, 1; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 1. Additional records (Osgood, 1900:22, unless otherwise noted): Mier; Reynosa; Matamoros; 40 mi. S Matamoros (Hooper, 1953:5); Hidalgo; Altamira. =Perognathus hispidus hispidus= Baird Hispid Pocket Mouse 1858. _Perognathus hispidus_ Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):421, July 14, type from Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and northern parts of state. Two specimens examined from the vicinity of Nuevo Laredo were trapped in weeds and tall grass along an irrigation ditch that ran between desert and a cornfield. One was a lactating female (November 15) and weighed 31 grams; the other, an immature male, weighed 23 grams. A May-taken specimen from Soto la Marina possesses a broader and more ochraceous lateral line than the other three individuals examined from Tamaulipas and the Texan specimens seen. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 2; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 1; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1. Additional records (Osgood, 1900:44, unless otherwise noted): Mier; Matamoros; Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:422); 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, 1953:5). =Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni= Merriam Nelson's Pocket Mouse 1894. _Perognathus (Chaetodipus) nelsoni_ Merriam, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 46:266, September 27, type from Hacienda La Parada, about 25 mi. NW Cd. San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the west side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in southwestern part of state. Most of the specimens examined were taken in semi-arid habitats where the dominant plants were cactus, weeds and bushes. In Tamaulipas, specimens from the southern localities (places labeled with reference to Tula) are darker than those from the two northernmost localities (Miquihuana and four miles north of Jaumave). Most measurements are about equal in the southern and northern specimens, but in some measurements southern specimens average slightly smaller than those from the north. Greatest length of skull is a case in point. The difference in size is reflected in the weights. Average weights of nine males and nine females from southern localities are, respectively, 14.7 (12-16.5) and 13.8 (12-15.5) instead of 18.5 (17-20) and 17.0 (15-18) grams for four males and six females from the northern localities. In general, Tamaulipan specimens average somewhat smaller than those from other localities in eastern México (see measurements given by Baker, 1956:238, Dalquest, 1953:107, and Osgood, 1900:53). _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six specimens (2 males and 4 females) from Miquihuana, three males from four miles north of Jaumave, and five (3 males and 2 females) from nine miles southwest of Tula are, respectively, as follows: 176.2 (163-185), ----, 170, 173, (4 specimens only) 179.0 (165-186); 99.8 (97-105), ----, 90, 93, (4 specimens only) 96.7 (88-104); 22.5 (21-23), 23, 23, 24, 22.6 (22-23); 8 (8), 8, 8, 8, 8.8 (8-9); greatest length of skull, 26.1 (25.6-26.6), 25.8, 26.5, 26.9, 25.2 (24.9-25.7); mastoid breadth, 13.3 (12.9-13.6), 13.2, 13.8, 13.6, 13.1 (12.9-13.4); interorbital constriction, 6.4 (6.1-6.6), 5.9, 6.3, 6.3, 6.3 (6.1-6.8); interparietal breadth, 7.4 (6.8-7.9), 7.7, 7.2, 7.2, 7.6 (7.3-7.9); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.7 (3.5-4.0); 3.6, 3.5, 3.6, 3.6 (3.5-3.8). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 42: Miquihuana, 6300 ft., 7; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 6; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 13. Additional record: Jaumave (Miller, 1924:284). =Dipodomys ordii= Ord's Kangaroo Rat This species has a restricted geographic distribution in Tamaulipas, although three subspecies occur in the state; two of them occur in the extreme northeast and the other in the far west. =Dipodomys ordii durranti= Setzer 1949. _Dipodomys ordii fuscus_ Setzer, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:555, December 27, type from Jaumave, Tamaulipas. 1952. _Dipodomys ordii durranti_ Setzer, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 42:391, December 17, a renaming of _D. o. fuscus_ Setzer, 1949. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Semi-desert areas in western part of state. The specimen examined from four miles north of Jaumave was trapped in a xeric area in which the vegetation consisted of mesquite, high palmlike yuccas, and "lechugilla." Specimens from the vicinity of Tula were trapped along bushy fence rows and adjacent to clumps of bushes and cactus, or shot at night in an area in which the soil was a sandy loam having relatively large amounts of gravel. The average weight of seven specimens from Nicolás was 50.3 (42-60) grams. According to Lidicker (1960:178 and in _litt._), the place called Lulú that was ascribed to Tamaulipas by Setzer (1949:550), and from which _D. o. durranti_ was reported, actually is in Zacatecas. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 3; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 12; 8 km. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2. Additional records (Setzer, 1949:556): Nuevo Laredo; Jaumave. =Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus= Hall 1951. _Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:38, October 1, type from 88 mi. S and 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two islands off the barrier beach. Weight of four adults averaged 49.2 (44-60) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17: 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 4; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 7; 90 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 6. =Dipodomys ordii compactus= True 1889. _Dipodomys compactus_ True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11:160, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron Co., Texas. 1942. _Dipodomys ordii compactus_, Davis, Jour. Mamm., 23:332, August 13. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Bagdad (Hall, 1951:41). =Dipodomys merriami atronasus= Merriam Merriam's Kangaroo Rat 1894. _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 9:113, June 21, type from Hacienda La Parada, about 25 mi. NW San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Mexican Plateau in western part of state. Specimens examined are tentatively assigned to _Dipodomys merriami atronasus_. They differ from typical _atronasus_ as pointed out by Lidicker (1960:177). He noted that individuals from the eastern edge of the range of _D. m. atronasus_ were slightly paler than typical specimens, but I found Tamaulipan material to be much darker, especially behind the nose and ears (blackish instead of brownish), than specimens from Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas. Specimens examined were collected under the same conditions and in the same areas as _D. ordii durranti_. The average weight of 20 adults (11 females and nine males) was 46.6 (38-50) grams. _Records of occurrences._--Specimens examined, 27: Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 16; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 4; 15 mi. N Tula, 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 3; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3. Additional record: Tula (Lidicker, 1960:178). =Liomys irroratus= Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse This species is probably the most common rodent in Tamaulipas. It was taken at almost every locality sampled and was associated with many other kinds of rodents. Its distribution is state-wide with the exception of the extreme northwestern part. Two subspecies are represented in Tamaulipas, _L. i. alleni_, which occurs in the western side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the southwest part of the state, and _L. i. texensis_, which occupies the rest of the range of the species in the state. At Soto la Marina specimens were taken in dense brush, around the cultivated fields; no burrows were seen and all specimens were trapped before 10:00 p.m. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, _Liomys_ was collected in practically all microhabitats. In the vicinity of San Fernando, individuals were trapped in a dry area in which vegetation consisted of mesquite, cactus and chollas; the ground there was covered with dry leaves and small sticks, and burrows were found near the base of the mesquite bushes. One specimen was taken near the house of a woodrat. Two kilometers west of El Carrizo, where _Liomys irroratus_ is called "ratón tuza," specimens were collected on rocks inclined at an angle of about twenty-five degrees that were covered with zacatón grass and some bushes. Some individuals were taken in a sugar cane field that was surrounded by bushes and tall grass; _Baiomys taylori_, _Sigmodon hispidus_, and _Peromyscus leucopus_ were taken in the line of traps. One specimen was caught in a trap baited with banana. Some dates concerning reproduction of _Liomys irroratus_ in Tamaulipas are as follows: La Pesca, May 25, one female lactating and one female pregnant with 4 embryos that measured 8 mm.; Jaumave, July 26-29, three females lactating and three pregnant females that carried 6 embryos (6 mm.), 6 embryos (15 mm.), and 5 embryos (15 mm.); Palmillas, July 23, a female with 1 embryo measuring 6 mm.; Nicolás, October 19, a female carrying 4 embryos measuring 3 mm. =Liomys irroratus alleni= (Coues) 1881. _Heteromys alleni_ Coues, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8:187, March, type from Río Verde, San Luis Potosí. 1911. _Liomys irroratus alleni_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 34:56, September 7. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme southwestern part of state. This subspecies is easily distinguished from _L. i. texensis_ by the following features: hind foot larger, 31.5 (30-33.5) instead of 27.8 (27-29); skull longer, 34.2 (32.4-36.4) instead of 31.5 (30.0-32.5); maxillary tooth-row longer, 5.4 (5.0-5.8) instead of 5.0 (4.8-5.1); interorbital constriction relatively narrower in _alleni_. Intergradation between _L. i. alleni_ and _L. i. texensis_ takes place at Rancho Santa Rosa (where, of the two specimens, one is conspicuously larger than the other), eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos, El Encino, and Ejido Santa Isabel. All specimens from the localities mentioned are here assigned to _texensis_. Weight of three pregnant females averaged 68.9 (64-78) grams, that of non-pregnant females, 65.6 (64-68), and that of six males 73.0 (65-80). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 34: Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 23; 16 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 2. Additional records: Miquihuana (Goldman, 1911:56); Tula (Hooper and Handley, 1958:18). =Liomys irroratus texensis= Merriam 1902. _Liomys texensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:44, March 5, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas. 1911. _Liomys irroratus texensis_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 34:59, September 7. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide except extreme southwestern and northwestern parts. Intergradation occurs between _L. i. texensis_ and _L. i. pretiosus_ in southeastern Tamaulipas as noted previously by Hooper (1953:5). Individuals from Altamira and one mile south thereof are small and dark as in _pretiosus_, but cranial measurements are as in _texensis_ to which they are here assigned. Specimens from the vicinity of Tampico are typical _texensis_. Average weight of the specimens from three different localities are as follows: Soto la Marina, seven males, 42.7, 14 females, 36.9; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 12 males, 47.3, 20 females, 40.7; Sierra Madre Oriental, eight males, 45.5, nine females, 37.0 grams. The specimens reported by Ingles (1959:394) from two miles south of El Mante as _L. irroratus_ are here referred to _texensis_ on geographic grounds. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 121: 7 km. S, 2 km. W San Fernando, 7; 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 5; Soto la Marina, 25; Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 1900 ft., 18; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 8; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 6; 53 km. N El Limón, 4; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 2; Altamira, 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 2. Additional records: Hidalgo (Goldman, 1911:59); Matamoros (_ibid._); Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra de San Carlos (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20); 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, 1953:5); [Cd.] Victoria (Goldman, 1911: 59); Acuña (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:5); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:9); 2 mi. S Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:394); Antiguo Morelos (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20). =Castor canadensis mexicanus= V. Bailey Beaver 1913. _Castor canadensis mexicanus_ V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:191, October 23, type from Ruidoso Creek, 6 mi. below Ruidoso, Lincoln Co., New Mexico. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in the Río Grande drainage. The beaver has been reported in Tamaulipas only from Matamoros (Baird, 1858:355--three specimens) and from 12 miles below, south of, Matamoros (V. Bailey, 1905:124). In Tamaulipas the beaver may occur only in the Río Grande drainage. =Oryzomys palustris= Marsh Rice Rat Previous to this report only one subspecies of _Oryzomys palustris_ had been recorded from Tamaulipas. Careful examination of the available material from the state shows that _O. p. aquaticus_ occurs in the east and _O. p. peragrus_ lives in the southwestern part of the state. In general, specimens examined were trapped in dense brush alongside waterholes as at Altamira, or around cornfields as at the place 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria, where the bushes were mesquite and other kinds of Acacias. There the ground was covered by cat claw, and no grass was seen near the traps in which _O. palustris_ was caught. In the Sierra de Tamaulipas a specimen was caught among rocks and bushes. Ingles (1959:395) reported that his specimens were trapped alive in dense brush and "tules." A female taken at Jaumave on July 25 had 5 embryos, each 20 mm. in crown-rump length. =Oryzomys palustris aquaticus= J. A. Allen 1891. _Oryzomys aquaticus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:289, June 30, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas. 1918. _Oryzomys couesi aquaticus_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 43:39, September 23. 1960. _Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_, Hall, The Southwestern Nat., 5:173, November 1. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--North part of state, and coastal area south to Tampico. Weights of two males were 80 and 82, and of a female 66 grams. _Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_ differs from _O. p. peragrus_ in having a rich cinnamon, reddish color and the interorbital region constricted to less than 14.7 per cent of the greatest length of the skull. _O. p. peragrus_ is ochraceous and grayish. The least width of its interorbital region is more than 14.5 per cent of the greatest length of the skull. Individuals studied from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are typical _aquaticus_. Of those from Altamira, one has the color as in _aquaticus_, but the color of the other two resembles that of _peragrus_; nevertheless, all of the mentioned specimens are here assigned to _aquaticus_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 2; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 1. Additional records: Camargo (Goldman, 1918:40); Matamoros (_ibid._); near Cd. Tampico (Ingles, 1958:395). =Oryzomys palustris peragrus= Merriam 1901. _Oryzomys mexicanus peragrus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:283, July 26, type from Río Verde, San Luis Potosí. 1918. _Oryzomys couesi peragrus_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 43:39, September 23. 1960. _Oryzomys palustris peragrus_, Hall, The Southwestern Nat., 5:173, November 1. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state, along Sierra Madre Oriental. Two males from Jaumave weighed 62 and 65 and one pregnant female weighed 67 grams. Most records of _O. p. peragrus_ are from places along the Sierra Madre Oriental, but Lawrence (1947:103) recorded a specimen from the Río Corona, which is east of, but not far from the mentioned Sierra. Baker (1951:215) reported two specimens from two different localities labeled with reference to Ciudad Victoria (same specimens reported here) as _O. p. aquaticus_, but pointed out that they tended "toward the darker _O. c. peragrus_." Examination of more material and taking into consideration the relation between the interorbital constriction and the greatest length of skull, cause me here to refer those specimens to _peragrus_. Hooper (1953:8) reported three young specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as of the subspecies _aquaticus_, but study of two adults from the same locality reveals that this locality should be included within the geographic range of _peragrus_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9: 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 2; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria (by highway) and 6 km. W of Highway, 1. Additional records: Río Corana (Lawrence, 1947:103); Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:8). =Oryzomys melanotis= Black-eared Rice Rat _Oryzomys melanotis_ occurs in Tamaulipas from Soto la Marina southward. Two subspecies are recorded: _O. m. carrorum_ in the north and _O. m. rostratus_ in the tropical area from Rancho Pano Ayuctle to Altamira. Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were trapped along a stream, edged with trees, bushes and rocks; at Rancho Pano Ayuctle the animals were in grass between banana groves. The specimen from 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria was taken in tall grass near a field of sugar cane in a line of traps that yielded also _Peromyscus leucopus_, _Sigmodon hispidus_, _Liomys irroratus_, and _Oryzomys fulvescens_. Hooper (1953:8) and Ingles (1959:395) reported _O. melanotis_ as caught at the edges of cane fields. =Oryzomys melanotis carrorum= Lawrence 1947. _Oryzomys rostratus carrorum_ Lawrence, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 24:101, May 29, type from Rancho Santa Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla, Río Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas. 1959. _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_, Hall and Kelson, The Mammals of North America, 2:560, March 21. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeast part of state; known only from the type locality and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. The original description of this subspecies was based on three specimens collected at Rancho Santa Ana. Specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas extended the known range 45 miles southeast of the type locality, and also extend the previously known altitudinal range of 300-350 feet elevation to 1200 feet. Specimens examined correspond in color and measurements to those recorded by Lawrence (1947:102-103). Of 12 specimens studied, the tympanic bullae of six touch the surface of the table when the skull rests on the tips of the incisors and the occipital condyles. In the other six the bullae are 0.3 to 1.3 mm. above the table top. The mesopterygoid space in the specimens examined are broad and U-shaped and not V-shaped as in the three specimens examined by Lawrence (_op. cit._). Weight of six males was 52.5 (48-63) and of four females 44.7 (40-49) grams. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six males are as follows: 255.3 (240-269); 135.7 (120-147); 135.7 (120-147); 30.4 (30-31); 21 (20-22); greatest length of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 (14.7-16.1); interorbital constriction, 4.8 (4.5-5.1); breadth of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); length of nasals, 12.9 (12.4-13.4); length of anterior palatine foramina, 5.5 (5.2-5.7); length of palatal bridge, 6.1 (5.8-6.4); length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0 (3.9-4.1). The females average slightly smaller. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 12 from Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft. Additional record: Type locality (Lawrence, 1947:102). =Oryzomys melanotis rostratus= Merriam 1901. _Oryzomys rostratus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:293. July 26, type from Metlatoyuca, Puebla. 1953. _Oryzomys melanotis rostratus_, Hooper, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:8, March 25. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme southeastern part of state, in tropical area. Ingles (1959:395) reported one specimen from two miles north of Ciudad Mante as _O. melanotis_; here it is referred to _O. m. rostratus_ on geographic grounds. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante and 3 km. W Highway, 1. Additional records: 2 mi. N Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:395); Altamira (Goldman, 1918:54). =Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae= Dalquest 1951. _Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae_ Dalquest, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 41:363, November 14, type from 10 km. E Platanito, San Luis Potosí. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:8). =Oryzomys fulvescens= Pygmy Rice Rat The pygmy rice rat in Tamaulipas was collected in grass. Two kilometers west of El Carrizo in grass around a sugar cane field, traps, baited with scraps of deer meat, caught _Oryzomys fulvescens_, _Sigmodon hispidus_, _Peromyscus leucopus_ and _Liomys irroratus_. Seven kilometers north of Tampico, _O. fulvescens_ was taken along with _Peromyscus leucopus_, _Sigmodon hispidus_ and _Baiomys taylori_. A female obtained on March 2, at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, had 4 embryos 16 mm. in crown-rump length. =Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens= (Saussure) 1860. _H[esperomys]. fulvescens_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:102, March, type from Veracruz; fixed by Merriam (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:295, July 26, 1901) at Orizaba. 1897. _Oryzomys fulvescens_, J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:204, June 16. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:10). =Oryzomys fulvescens engracie= Osgood 1945. _Oryzomys fulvescens engracie_ Osgood, Jour. Mamm., 26:300, November 14, type from Hacienda Santa Engracia (32 km. N), NW of Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southeast parts of state. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 13: 2 km. W El Carrizo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 6; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 1. Additional record: Altamira (Osgood, 1945:300). =Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi= Goodwin Western Harvest Mouse 1954. _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1660:1, May 25, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gómez Farías, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type locality. =Reithrodontomys fulvescens= Fulvous Harvest Mouse This is the most common species of _Reithrodontomys_ in Tamaulipas; it occurs in almost all parts of the state, from sea level to high up in the mountains and from the tropical forest to the desert plain. The three subspecies in the state are _R. f. intermedias_ in the northern half, _R. f. griseoflavus_ in the high parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and _R. f. tropicalis_ in the southeast. The lines between these subspecies are difficult to establish because the zones of intergradation are broad. Characters for separating the three subspecies in Tamaulipas are listed by Hooper (1952). =Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus= Merriam 1901. _Reithrodontomys griseoflavus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:553, November 29, type from Ameca, 4000 ft., Jalisco. 1952. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_, Hooper, Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:98, January 16. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Jaumave. Only specimens from Jaumave are clearly _R. f. griseoflavus_; all others east of this locality are intergrades between _griseoflavus_ and _tropicalis_, under which latter subspecies they are included. In _griseoflavus_ the tail is longer in relation to the head and body, 141.2 (135-153) per cent, than in the other two subspecies that occur in Tamaulipas. The average weight of 14 males was 14 (12-16) grams. _Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15, from Jaumave, 2400 ft. =Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius= J. A. Allen 1895. _Reithrodontomys mexicanus intermedius_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:136, May 21, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas. 1914. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_, A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:47, June 5. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern half of state. No specimen of this subspecies has been examined. Jones and Anderson (1958:447) reported specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as _R. f. intermedius_, but here those same specimens are assigned to _R. f. tropicalis_. J. A. Allen (1891:223) recorded specimens from Santa Teresa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_. According to Hooper (1952:142) that name was used by Allen for _R. fulvescens_. Allen's specimens from Santa Teresa are here referred to _R. f. intermedius_ on geographic grounds. _Records_ (Hooper, 1952:108): Camargo, 200 ft.; 20 mi. S Reynosa, Charco Escondido; Matamoros, 30 ft.; 7.5 mi. S Matamoros; 29 mi. S Cd. Victoria, 800 ft.; Hacienda Santa Engracia, 800 ft.; Santa Teresa (50 mi. SW Matamoros); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft.). =Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis= Davis 1944. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis_ Davis, Jour. Mamm., 25:393, December 12, type from Boca del Río, 8 km. S city of Veracruz, Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in southeastern part of state. Most of the specimens examined of _R. fulvescens_ are included in this subspecies, principally because of their reddish coloration that is characteristic of _R. f. tropicalis_. According to the original description by Davis (1944:393) this subspecies is smaller than _griseoflavus_ and the posterior border of the incisive foramina terminate anterior to the plane of the molars. But, these characteristics are not found in any specimen examined from Tamaulipas and the average of external measurements is more than those given by Hooper (1952:109) for _tropicalis_. Of all specimens from Tamaulipas, those from the vicinity of Altamira and Tampico are most nearly typical of _tropicalis_. Weights of seven males and five females, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, were, respectively, 13 (11-15), and 11 (9-14) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 14; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 4; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 2; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 3; 7 km. N Tampico, 4. Additional records: Hidalgo (Hooper, 1952:110); 5 mi. NE Gómez Farías, 1100 ft. (_ibid._); La Azteca, 5 km. NNE Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:11); Gómez Farías (_ibid._); Antiguo Morelos (Hooper, 1952:110); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:396). =Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus= (Saussure) Mexican Harvest Mouse 1860. _R[eithrodon]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:109, type from mountains of Veracruz; restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hooper, Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:140, January 16. 1914, _Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus_, A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:70, June 5. Not _Reithrodontomys mexicanus_ (Saussure), being instead of J. A. Allen, 1895:135, which in part equalled _Reithrodontomys fulvescens difficilis_. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known from two localities, but probably occurs in all tropical areas in south part of state. As noted before, J. A. Allen (1891:223) reported specimens from Rancho Santa Rosa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_, but he used this name for the species now known as _R. fulvescens_. The specimen examined, previously reported by Jones and Anderson (1958:447), represents the northernmost occurrence of the species. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft. Additional record: Rancho del Cielo, 3500 ft. (Hooper, 1952:144). =Peromyscus maniculatus blandus= Osgood Deer Mouse 1904. _Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:56, March 21, type from Escalón, Chihuahua. 1909. _Peromyscus maniculatus blandus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:84, April 17. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Miquihuana (Osgood, 1909:86). =Peromyscus melanotis= J. A. Allen and Chapman Black-eared Mouse 1897. _Peromyscus melanotis_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:203, June 16, type from Las Vigas, Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana (Osgood, 1909:112). =Peromyscus leucopus texanus= (Woodhouse) White-footed Mouse 1853. _Hesperomys texana_ Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6:242, type probably from vicinity of Mason, Mason Co., Texas. 1909. _Peromyscus leucopus texanus_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:127, April 17. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state. This is the most common species of the genus _Peromyscus_ in Tamaulipas. It and _Liomys irroratus_ are the two rodents most easily trapped throughout the state. In general _P. l. texanus_ occurs in forested and brushy areas especially under 1200 feet in elevation, as was noted in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where _P. l. texanus_ was taken commonly at elevations of up to 1200 feet. Above this elevation the species was rare and _P. pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ were more abundant than at lower elevations. The three specimens of _P. l. texanus_ from 12 kilometers north and four kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria were trapped in a line of 110 traps set near tree stumps. Small burrows in the ground were noted here. The forest at this locality was composed of mesquite, ebony, acacias, a few yuccas and "nopales" (= cactuses); the ground was covered by cat claw. Of the many young taken, 15 specimens were saved from Ejido Santa Isabel where _P. leucopus_ was abundant in an area of chaparral consisting of wild "tomate," "zapote," "huizache" and "salvadora." Most of the specimens caught at this locality were taken between 7:30 and 9:30 p. m. in traps baited with a mixture of rolled oats, peanut butter and banana. Specimens from 53 kilometers north of El Limón were taken along with _Liomys irroratus_; the specimen from two kilometers west of El Carrizo was trapped near a dead mesquite log. _Reitrodontomys fulvescens_ was taken in the same area. Four specimens of _P. leucopus_ were taken at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, around a big pile of old firewood in an abandoned sugar mill. At the locality six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, _P. leucopus_ was found in cultivated fields and along the grassy roadsides; in the vicinity of Tampico specimens were taken in an area of forested cactus-thorn. The specimen from seven kilometers south and two kilometers west of San Fernando was found in a trap set at the base of "nopal" cactus, which was surrounded by bushes and small trees (10-12 feet high). Breeding records are as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, on February 15, one female carried 2 embryos of 23 mm. in crown-rump length; Jaumave, July 26 to 29, five females, averaging 4.6 (3-6) embryos of 7 (3-15) mm., two females lactating, one on May 25 and the other on July 26; Ejido Santa Isabel, on January 20 to 25, three females lactating; Soto la Marina, on May 16, one female lactating. Average weights were as follows: from Jaumave four pregnant females, 28.0 (25-33), eight males, 23.4 (21-27); from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, eight females non-pregnant, 21.2 (18-26), 14 males, 22.0 (19-27); from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, six males, 23.5 (21-27). All specimens examined from Tamaulipas are assigned to _P. l. texanus_ because their coloration is pale. Even so the color varies some according to locality; specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas have much of the cinnamon color that is characteristic of _P. l. incensus_ from farther south, but even so specimens from the two localities last mentioned are paler than those from Veracruz that are typical _incensus_. Goldman (1942:158) reported specimens from Altamira as _P. l. incensus_, in which subspecies Ingles (1959:397) included specimens from two miles west of Tampico, but specimens examined from the same area do not differ from individuals from far north thereof; for this reason I identify specimens from these localities as _texanus_. Osgood (1909:131) and Hooper (1953:7) also referred specimens from the southern part of Tamaulipas to _texanus_. These two authors examined 156 specimens and did not find any intergradation between _texanus_ and _incensus_, but to me, the cinnamon tones of specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas, suggest intergradation between the two subspecies. Osgood's (1909:265) measurements of _P. l. texanus_, from Brownsville, Texas, and those of 40 specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas are about the same except that the anterior palatine foramina average longer in Tamaulipas. Baker's (1956:262) specimens from Coahuila, averaged larger even than Tamaulipan specimens. Another difference between Osgood's measurements and Baker's was the shorter 3.4 (3.0-3.7) maxillary tooth-row in Tamaulipan specimens. Hooper (1953:7) recorded specimens from General Terán, as in Tamaulipas; actually this locality is in Nuevo León. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 149: 4.5 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 2; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San Fernando, 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 9.5 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 2; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 1; Soto la Marina, 11; La Pesca, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 3; 7 km. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, and 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; Jaumave, 20; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 15; 53 km. N El Limón, 12 km. S Río Guayalejo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 16; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 7; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 3; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 3; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 9; 16 km. N Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 3. Additional records (Osgood, 1909:131, unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; near Bagdad; Sierra San Carlos (Hooper, 1953:7); Matamoros-Victoria Highway (_ibid._); Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:464); Hidalgo; Cd. Victoria; 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:7); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:12); Chamal (_ibid._); Tula (Hooper, 1953:7); Antiguo Morelos (_ibid._); Altamira (Goldman, 1942:158); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:397); Tampico. =Peromyscus boylii= Brush Mouse Specimens examined were obtained at higher elevations in the oak-tree zone of the Sierras in traps set among rocks, trees and in grassy areas. _Peromyscus boylii_ was trapped in the same area as was _P. pectoralis_ and no habitat distinction between the two was noted. Some behavioral differences, however, are pointed out in the account of _P. pectoralis_. Morphological differences between these two species in Tamaulipas were reported by Hooper (1952:372). A female taken on August 5 in the Sierra Madre Oriental carried two embryos 15 mm. in crown-rump length. For the taxonomic status of _P. boylii_ in Tamaulipas see Alvarez (1961). =Peromyscus boylii ambiguus= Alvarez 1961. _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:118, December 29, type from Monterrey, Nuevo León. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the Sierra San Carlos. _Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7 (UMMZ), all from La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos. =Peromyscus boylii levipes= Merriam 1898. _Peromyscus levipes_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 ft., Tlaxcala. 1909. _Peromyscus boylii levipes_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:153, April 17. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southern parts of state. Weights of 19 males and 18 females from the Sierra Madre Oriental are, respectively, 25.2 (22-30) and 23.6 (20-29); weights of eight males and five females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are 24.9 (22-32) and 29.6 (24-31). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 54: Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 13; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1. Additional records: Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:7); 3 mi. NW Acuña (_ibid._); Rancho Viejo (Goodwin, 1954:12); Santa María (_ibid._); Joya de Salas (_ibid._). =Peromyscus pectoralis= White-ankled Mouse _Peromyscus pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ are closely related morphologically and seem to occupy the same habitat. In the Sierra Madre Oriental, according to the field notes of the collector (Heinrich, June 6 to August 5, 1953), individuals of _P. pectoralis_ had a pinkish coloration on the mouth and forefeet produced by the juice of the "nopal" cactus fruit, on which obviously the mice feed, whereas only a few specimens of _boylii_ were thus discolored. It was noted that _boylii_ was feeding on acorns. Furthermore, the two species may differ in time of breeding; in August, males of _pectoralis_ had the testes well developed when those organs were small in _boylii_ collected at the same locality. A specimen from 53 kilometers north of El Limón, was shot at a height of 10 feet on a concrete underpass. Other specimens were taken in a trap line that yielded _Peromyscus boylii_, _P. leucopus_ and _Liomys irroratus_. Two subspecies of _P. pectoralis_ occur in Tamaulipas: _P. p. collinus_ is widely distributed in the central and western parts of the state and _P. p. eremicoides_ occurs only in the western "corner" of the state. =Peromyscus pectoralis collinus= Hooper 1952. _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper, Jour. Mamm., 33:372, August 19, type from San José, 2000 ft., Sierra San Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Along the central and western mountains. A female obtained on January 21 at a place 53 kilometers north of El Limón, contained three embryos. A lactating female was taken on August 2 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Males, as previously noted, had well-developed testes in August. The weights of 17 males and 20 females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were, respectively, 26.6 (24-33), and 25.6 (21-31) grams. Measurements of specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas averaged about the same, except that those of specimens from Palmillas, averaged smaller. The small size suggests intergradation between the subspecies _collinus_ and _eremicoides_. The latter occurs to the west and differs from _collinus_ in smaller size, more grayish coloration, completely white tarsal joint and relatively longer tail. Hooper (1952:374) reported specimens from Jaumave as intergrades between the two subspecies before mentioned and Osgood (1909:164) identified two specimens from there as _eremicoides_. In the present account, individuals from Palmillas and Jaumave are referred to _collinus_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 101: 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 12; Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 16; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 14; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 3; 53 km. N El Limón, 12 km. S Río Guayalejo, 5; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 9; 10 km. N, 8 km. El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 3. Additional records (Hooper, 1952:374, unless otherwise noted): Sierra San Carlos (Marmolejo, 1700 ft., San José, 2000 ft., Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft., La Vegonia, 2900 ft.); Villagran, 1300 ft.; Cd. Victoria; near Jaumave, 2400 ft.; Sierra de Tamaulipas, near Acuña, 1600 ft.; La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:12). =Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides= Osgood 1904. _Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:60, March 21, type from Mapimi, Durango. 1909. _Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:128, January 28. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana and vicinity of Tula. The two specimens from Miquihuana are typical _P. pectoralis eremicoides_ in external and cranial measurements. Specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula are characteristic of _eremicoides_ in cranial measurements but the tail is shorter than usual for this subspecies, in this respect approaching _P. p. lacianus_. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula and measurements of two males (56169, 56415) from Miquihuana are, respectively, as follows: 181.5 (173-197), 180, 197; 96.2; (87-110), 103, 113; 20.2 (19.0-21.5), 21, 21; 18.1 (16.5-19.0), 18, --; greatest length of skull, 24.8 (24.1-25.6), 25.5, 25.6; length of nasals, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), 9.3, 9.3; zygomatic breadth, 12.2 (11.7-12.8), 12.3, 12.9; interorbital constriction, 3.8 (3.7-4.0), 3.7, 3.9; length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.6 (3.5-3.7), 3.6, 3.8. Weights of the 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula average 17.9 (16-24) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 19; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3. =Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus= Osgood Plateau Mouse 1904. _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:66, March 21, type from Berriozabal, Zacatecas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Mexican Plateau part of state. A lactating female caught on July 20 and four males from Miquihuana weighed, respectively, 51, and 50.2 (47-54) grams. A female, taken on July 24, 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas in a valley covered by mesquite and other bushes, had 3 embryos 10 mm. in crown-rump length, and weighed 60 grams. One specimen from nine miles southwest of Tula was caught in an outcrop of rocks and two others were taken among bushes on the desert. A female on October 10 carried 4 embryos 2 mm. in crown-rump length. Specimens of _P. melanophrys_ here listed are the first to be reported from Tamaulipas. They are assigned to the subspecies _consobrinus_ on the basis of dark color and because their size closely corresponds to that of the holotype. The specimen from the vicinity of Palmillas and one from Miquihuana (56408) are larger than the others and grayish. A specimen (56413) from Miquihuana lacks all the molariform teeth. Its alveoli in one maxilla are closed and those in the opposite maxilla are more open than is normal. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of four males, two females (56413, 56408) from Miquihuana, and a female (56414) from 14 miles north and 6 miles west of Palmillas, are, respectively, as follows: total length (two males only), 249, 245, 265, 247, 280; length of tail vertebrae (two males only), 137, 134, 141, 131, 157; length of hind foot, 26.7 (26-27), 27, 27, 27; ear from notch, 23.7 (23-24), 25, 24, 25; greatest length of skull, 30.3 (29.5-31.0), 31.2, 31.8, 32.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8 (4.7-4.9), 4.9, 4.8, 5.0; length of palatine slits, 6.6 (6.2-6.8), 6.9, 6.9, 6.8; length of diastema, 8.1 (8.0-8.3), --, 8.5, 8.5; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5 (4.3-4.7), --, 4.3, 4.6. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 16: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 6; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3. =Peromyscus difficilis petricola= Hoffmeister and de la Torre Zacatecan Deer Mouse 1959. _Peromyscus difficilis petricola_ Hoffmeister and de la Torre, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72:167, November 4, type from 12 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., Coahuila. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Westernmost part of state. The three specimens from Miquihuana were collected among rocks and stumps, in an oak forest. The specimens from 20 miles north of Tula were collected after midnight on a hillside covered mainly with juniper brush. A female (October 11) carried 3 embryos 26 mm. in crown-rump length. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Miquihuana, 8500 ft., 3; 20 mi. N Tula, 5800 ft., 3. =Peromyscus ochraventer= Baker El Carrizo Deer Mouse 1951. _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:213, December 15, type from 70 km. (by highway) S Ciudad Victoria, 6 km. W Pan-American Highway at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Vicinity of the type locality. The series of specimens examined was the same used by the original describer of the species. He (1951:214-215) pointed out that the mice were taken in junglelike forest among rocks and adjacent to logs. Burrows extended beneath large blocks of limestone, and each burrow where a mouse was caught was marked by a pile of excavated earth resembling a tiny mound left by a pocket gopher. These burrows were at an elevation of approximately 2800 feet above sea level on the steep sides of a small hill in an area where the vegetation was intermediate between that of the arid and humid subdivisions of the tropical region. Each of two females, captured on January 13, carried five placental scars; one of the females was lactating. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 24, from the type locality. Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:12): Gómez Farías; Rancho del Cielo; Joya de Salas. =Baiomys taylori taylori= (Thomas) Northern Pygmy Mouse 1887. _Hesperomys (Vesperimus) taylori_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 19:66, January, type from San Diego, Duval Co., Texas. 1907. _Baiomys taylori_ Mearns, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 56:381, April 13. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except southwestern desert part. The species of this genus have been revised recently by Packard (1960) and the specimens from Tamaulipas are arranged according to his systematic findings. The weight of 35 specimens labeled with reference to Altamira are 7.6 (6.0-9.0) grams; 15 from Jaumave weigh 6.9 (6.0-9.0) grams. Pregnant females were collected as follows: February 22, Ejido Santa Isabel, 3 (embryos x 4 mm. in crown-rump length); March 2, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 x 16; July 9, six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, 1 x 4; July 28 and 29, Jaumave, 2 x 8 and 3 x 9. The average number of embryos was 2.8 (1-5). _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 83: 4 mi. N La Pesca, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 17; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 7; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Río Sabinas, 8 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 33; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 4; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 4; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1; 7 mi. S Altamira, 1; 1 km. N Tampico, 1. Additional records (Packard, 1960:654): Camargo; Charco Escondido, 20 mi. S Reynosa; Matamoras (= Matamoros); Hidalgo; 29 mi. N Cd. Victoria; Antiguo Morelos. =Onychomys leucogaster longipes= Merriam Northern Grasshopper Mouse 1889. _Onychomys longipes_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2:1, October 30, type from Concho County, Texas. 1913. _Onychomys leucogaster longipes_, Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:216, December 20. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Ciudad Victoria northward. Only a young female was examined; she weighed 22 grams and extends the known range 59 miles eastward from Ciudad Victoria. _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Soto la Marina, 500 ft. Additional records (Hollister, 1914:253): Camargo; Reynosa; [Cd.] Victoria. =Onychomys torridus subrufus= Hollister Southern Grasshopper Mouse 1914. _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47:472, October 29, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre Oriental. The six specimens examined were collected in the desert area west of the Sierra Madre Oriental. At Nicolás a trap set in front of a hole held one specimen, and another was trapped beneath a brush fence that inclosed a cornfield. _Dipodomys merriami_ and _Perognathus penicillatus_ also were trapped beneath the fence. A subadult from Nicolás is slightly larger (see measurements) than either of two subadults from four miles north of Jaumave and an old specimen from eight miles north of Tula, except in the interorbital constriction, which is narrower. Nevertheless measurements of Tamaulipan _Onychomys torridus_ resemble those given by Hollister (1914:483) for _O. t. subrufus_. A specimen from Nicolás is also darker than other individuals examined. A female taken on July 15, four miles north of Jaumave, was lactating. _Measurements._--Measurements of a female from Nicolás, a male from eight miles north of Tula, and a female and a male from four miles north of Jaumave are as follows: 158, 147, 145, 144; 59, 58, 55, 55; 22, 21, 22, 22; 21, 20.5, 18, 18; condylobasal length, 24.4, 23.1, 23.9, 23.7; interorbital constriction, 4.1, 4.4, 4.3, 4.5; length of nasals, 10.6, 10.5, 10.5, 10.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.8, 3.6, 3.7, 3.7; breadth of braincase, 11.8, 11.3, 11.3, 11.0; weight in grams, 32.5, 26.0, 25.0, 25.0. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 2; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1. Additional records (Hollister, 1914:475): Miquihuana; Jaumave. =Sigmodon hispidus= Hispid Cotton Rat This species, as is known, is active by day and by night. It occurs mainly in grassy areas and most of the specimens examined were trapped there. But, one mile east of La Pesca, specimens were taken on a beach having sparse grass. _Neotoma micropus_ and _Spermophilus spilosoma_, but no smaller rodents, were taken there. Also, many crabs were found in the traps. Possibly only the relatively large rodents are able to compete successfully with the crabs. The specimen from one kilometer east of El Barretal was caught in a rat-trap set in front of small hole in a fence of dead brush that surrounded a cornfield. The area outside the fence supported mesquite and ebony trees (10-12 feet high) and the ground was covered with cat claw. Six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, the two young specimens were taken on a small grassy island surrounded by mud. According to natives, _Sigmodon_ injures corn and sugar cane. Probably other species of rodents are responsible for some or all of such damage since other kinds of rodents were taken in the same areas. Dice (1937:245) reported females from the Sierra San Carlos that carried 8 embryos of 18 mm., 5 × 33, 7 embryos very small, and 8 × 20. Females were collected on July 22, 29, and 30. =Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri= Baird 1855. _Sigmodon berlandieri_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Río Nazas, Coahuila. 1902. _Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri_, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:106, June 2. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Jaumave and Llera to north. This subspecies is distinguished from _S. h. toltecus_ by larger size and paler, grayish coloration. TABLE 3.--DATA ON REPRODUCTION. =========================+=============+=========+============= LOCALITY | Date | Embryos | Size in mm. -------------------------+-------------+---------+------------- 4 mi. N La Pesca | May 26 | 4 | 30 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 10 | 3 | 10 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 11 | 4 | 10 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 20 | 2 | 20 Ciudad Victoria | July 12 | 5 | 5 Jaumave | July 28 | 4 | 14 Jaumave | July 29 | 6 | 25 San Fernando | August 30 | 7 | 20 San Fernando | August 31 | 8 | 11 Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 15 | 3 | 5 Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 16 | 5 | 2 -------------------------+-------------+---------+------------- Baker (1951:216) reported a specimen from 35 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria (= 1 km. E El Barretal) as _S. h. toltecus_. Comparison of its skull with those from the vicinity of Altamira (_S. h. toltecus_) and those from Jaumave (_S. h. berlandieri_) shows that the skull from El Barretal closely resembles those from Jaumave, in having the zygomatic arches more nearly parallel and the braincase more rounded than in skulls from Altamira. Therefore the specimen from the vicinity of El Barretal is here assigned to _S. h. berlandieri_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 1; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 8; San Fernando, 180 ft., 8; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 10; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 1; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1 km. E El Barretal, Río Purificación, 1; Cd. Victoria, 1; 2 km. W Pan-American Highway (12 km. S Llera), Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 29. Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:506); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, San Miguel) (Dice, 1937:254); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Tamaulipas [state?] (Baird, 1858:506). =Sigmodon hispidus solus= Hall 1951. _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from island 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two specimens from the type locality. =Sigmodon hispidus toltecus= (Saussure) 1860. [_Hesperomys_] _toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:98, type from mountains of Veracruz [probably near Mirador, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Sci. Series, 1:163, December 28, 1953]. 1902. _Sigmodon hispidus toltecus_, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:110, June 2. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern part of state. The specimen reported by Baker (1951:216) from one mile east of El Barretal is here referred to _S. h. berlandieri_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 69: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 24; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W highway, 300 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 3; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2100 ft., 20; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8; 6 mi. N, 4 mi. W Altamira, 1; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 3; 1 mi. S Altamira, 1; 16 km. N Tampico, 3. Additional records: Rancho del Cielo, 15 to 20 mi. S Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:398); Tampico (Booth, 1957:15). =Neotoma albigula subsolana= Alvarez White-throated Woodrat 1962. _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:141, April 30, type from Miquihuana, 6400 ft., Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western side of Sierra Madre Oriental. At Nicolás specimens were taken in traps set along a thorn fence and at Tajada two specimens were trapped along a rock wall. At other places some specimens were brought in by natives who captured the rats by tearing apart their houses. Five females taken on October 18 at Nicolás carried embryos (one to two per female), which averaged 22.2 (11-45) mm. in crown-rump length. Another female, taken nine miles southwest of Tula on October 13, carried 2 embryos that were 35 mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the five pregnant females was 196.7 (183-207) grams. The average weights of nine adult males and six non-pregnant females from Miquihuana were, respectively, 215.6 (175-250) and 162.5 (155-175) grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria (on Jaumave Road) 3800 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 15. Additional record: Jaumave (Goldman, 1910:37). =Neotoma angustapalata= Baker Tamaulipas Wood Rat 1951. _Neotoma angustapalata_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:217, December 15, type from 70 km. by highway S Ciudad Victoria, and 6 km. W Pan-American highway at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state; presently known from two localities. Baker (1951:218) reported that specimens from the type locality were taken in crevices among rocks on a small hillside that supported a sparse cover of vegetation growing from a deep layer of humus. The specimen from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino was shot about 40 yards from the entrance to a large cave, but no sign of wood rats were found there. Hooper (1953:9) reported that _N. angustapalata_ occupied caves at Rancho del Cielo, where a female with two nursing young was taken. When Baker (_op. cit._) described _Neotoma angustapalata_ on the basis of two specimens from El Carrizo, he assigned the species to the _N. mexicana_ group because of the deep anterointernal re-entrant angle of M1. The deep angle found in _N. mexicana_ differs markedly from the typical condition in either _N. micropus_ or _N. albigula_. Study of the cranial characters and bacula of specimens of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ tends to corroborate the statement of Hooper (1953:10), who commented on the taxonomic relationships of _N. angustapalata_ as follows: "It should be pointed out that all characters considered ... the specimens [_angustapalata_] appear to be large, deeply pigmented examples of the species _N. micropus_ notwithstanding the deep anterior fold in M1. The presence of that deep fold is far from an absolute character in the _mexicanus_ [_sic_] group." My study of 48 crania of _N. micropus_ from Tamaulipas reveals that the depth of the re-entrant angle of M1 is extremely variable, from almost absent in some individuals to deep (as in _angustapalata_) in others. Four specimens, one (56958) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three (56960, 56965, 56966) from the vicinity of Altamira, have the re-entrant angle as deep as in the holotype and topotype of _angustapalata_. Comparison of the bacula of the holotype and one topotype of _angustapalata_ with 15 bacula of _N. micropus_ reveal that on the average the baculum of _angustapalata_ differs from that of _micropus_ in being longer, and narrower at the base (greatest length, 7.1, width at base, 3.4 mm., in the topotype). One specimen of _N. micropus littoralis_ from the vicinity of Altamira, however, has a baculum of the same shape as in _angustapalata_ (this same specimen is one of the three from there in which the re-entrant angle of the M1 is deep). The shape of the baculum among specimens of _micropus_ is highly variable and bacula of specimens from different localities frequently are slightly different (see Fig. 5). [Illustration: FIG. 5. Bacula of _Neotoma_. All × 4. A, _Neotoma angustipalata_ (topotype, 37062). B, _Neotoma micropus micropus_ (4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 89147). C, _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ (Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 56957). ] The known distributions of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ do not overlap (neither does the distribution of _N. albigula_ overlap with either in Tamaulipas). The four specimens of _N. micropus_ having the deep re-entrant angle in M1 are from localities near where the ranges of _angustapalata_ and _micropus_ probably meet. This could be interpreted in two ways: (1) these four specimens can be regarded as intergrades between _angustapalata_ and _micropus_, in which case the former species should be placed as a subspecies of the latter. Or the four specimens, which were collected along with other specimens that lack deep re-entrant angles in the M1, can be assigned, on the basis of the deep angle, to _angustapalata_, in which case the species _micropus_ and _angustapalata_ would be in part sympatric. Until more material from critical areas is available for study, I continue to recognize _angustapalata_ as a monotypic species. I agree with Hooper that it is closely related to _N. micropus_. _Measurements._--A female (58865) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino, measured as follows: 404; 198; 41; 32; greatest length of skull, 49.7; basilar length, 40.8; zygomatic breadth, 25.9; length of nasals, 18.8; length of incisive foramina, 10.8; length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.9; greatest breadth of interpterygoid space, 4.0. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; type locality, 2. =Neotoma micropus= Southern Plains Wood Rat Most of the specimens examined were trapped in brushy areas. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, wood rats were caught in steel traps set near or between rocks. In the vicinity of La Pesca, specimens were trapped on the beach where _Spermophilus spilosoma_ and _Sigmodon hispidus_ were taken also. Two females, obtained on May 19 and June 10 at Soto la Marina and on the Sierra de Tamaulipas, respectively, each carried 2 embryos that were 40 mm. in crown-rump length. Dice (1937:254) reported that two females collected on July 24 and August 16 on the Sierra San Carlos each carried 2 embryos that ranged from 34 to 36 mm. in crown-rump length. _Neotoma micropus_ occurs throughout the Tamaulipan Biotic Province and is represented in Tamaulipas by two subspecies, each of which has its type locality in the state. Intergradation between the two takes place at Soto la Marina. =Neotoma micropus littoralis= Goldman 1905. _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:31, February 2, type from Altamira, 100 ft., Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From the Sierra de Tamaulipas southward. Weight of two males and three non-pregnant females was 248, 254, 185, 210, 240 grams, respectively. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 14: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8. Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1910:29). =Neotoma micropus micropus= Baird 1855. _Neotoma micropus_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:333, April, type from Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Soto la Marina northward. The weight of five males and four females from Soto la Marina averaged, respectively, 256.4 (210-317) and 233.0 (195-274) grams. A specimen (56924) from La Pesca differs from all other specimens of _N. micropus_ examined in being smaller, having a conspicuously shorter rostrum, broader intraorbital canal, and lower broader braincase. External measurements of this specimen are as follows: 347; 155; 39; --. Its cranial measurements are: greatest length, 44.8; basilar length, 34.3; zygomatic breadth, 23.6; interorbital constriction, 6.2; incisive foramina, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7; width of mesopterygoid fossa, 4.1. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 58: 4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 14; 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 1; 3 mi. S Matamoros, 2; 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San Fernando, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 4; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 12; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 1; La Pesca, 2; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; 7 mi. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd. Victoria, 6. Additional records (Goldman, 1910:28, unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; 10 mi. S Nuevo Laredo (Booth, 1957:15); Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; 40 mi. S Matamoros (Hooper, 1953:9); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca) (Dice, 1937:254); San Fernando (J. A. Allen, 1891:224); Forlón. =Microtus mexicanus subsimus= Goldman Mexican Vole 1938. _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:494, November 14, type from Sierra Guadalupe, southeastern Coahuila. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from mountains near Miquihuana (Goldman, 1938:495). =Canis latrans= Coyote In Tamaulipas two and possibly three subspecies of _Canis latrans_ occur. _C. l. texensis_ is known only from the northwesternmost part of the state, and _C. l. microdon_ occurs from Camargo south to Nicolás. Hall and Kelson (1959:845) guessed that _C. l. cagottis_ would be found in the southern third of the state; as yet specimens from there have not been obtained and the subspecific identity of the coyotes there, if any are present, remains in doubt. =Canis latrans microdon= Merriam 1897. _Canis microdon_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:29, March 15, type from Mier, on Río Grande, Tamaulipas. 1932. _Canis latrans microdon_, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45:224, November 26. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, reported only from the northern half of the state. Three specimens were examined. One is a pup from the vicinity of Padilla which is assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. The other two are skins, collected at Nicolás by natives, who deceived the collector by providing dog skulls with the coyote skins. These two specimens are referred to _C. l. microdon_ on the basis of their dark color and dusky shading on the throat and chest. One has a rufous over-all color and the other is ochraceous yellowish. This difference in color suggests intergradation at this place between _C. l. microdon_ that ranged to the northeast, _C. l. cagottis_ to the south, and probably with _C. l. impavidus_ distributed to the west. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Nicolás, 53 km. N Tula, 2. Additional record: Camargo (Jackson, 1951:305); 20 mi. W Reynosa (Ingles, 1959:401); Matamoros (Jackson, 1951:305); Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra San Carlos (San Miguel, El Mulato) (Dice, 1937:251). =Canis latrans texensis= V. Bailey 1905. _Canis nebrascensis texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 25:175, October 24, type from 45 mi. SW Corpus Christi at Santa Gertrudis, Kleberg Co., Texas. 1932. _Canis latrans texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 53:312, March 11. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme northwest, known only from Nuevo Laredo (Jackson, 1951:279). =Canis lupus monstrabilis= Goldman Gray Wolf 1937. _Canis lupus monstrabilis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 18:42, February 11, type from 10 mi. S Rankin, Upton Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably extinct, recorded only from Matamoros (Goldman, 1944:468). On the maps of distribution of _C. l. monstrabilis_ published by Leopold (1959:400) and Baker and Villa (1960:370), Tamaulipas is included in the region in which the wolf is considered to be extinct. =Urocyon cineroargenteus scottii= Mearns Gray Fox 1891. _Urocyon virginianus scottii_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:236, June 5, type from Pinal Co., Arizona. 1895. _Urocyon cinereo-argenteus scottii_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:253, June. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state in suitable habitats. The specimen from the Sierra Madre Oriental was obtained by a collector who used a rabbit call. Leopold (1959:408) reported that the highest elevation [about 2800 feet] at which he found gray fox in México was at Hacienda de Acuña, in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where "dense, brushy draws and oak openings made ideal habitat." At this place Leopold saw, in early August, a family of foxes, four well-grown young and their parents. Dice (1937:250) reported _U. c. texensis_ (a junior synonym of _U. c. scottii_), as abundant in the Sierra San Carlos. The six specimens examined do not present any significant difference in size and shape of the skull from specimens of _scottii_ from Arizona, except that one skull from the Sierra de Tamaulipas is smaller than the others, suggesting intergradation between the subspecies _scottii_ and _tropicalis_ from farther south. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 2 mi. W San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, Sierra Madre Oriental, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 1. Additional records: Near Marmolejo, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:250); Hacienda Acuña, Sierra de Tamaulipas (Leopold, 1959:408, only seen); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14). =Ursus americanus eremicus= Merriam Black Bear 1904. _Ursus americanus eremicus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:154, October 6, type from Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in high and remote parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental; recorded only from Agua Linda (Goodwin, 1954:14). =Bassariscus astutus flavus= Rhoads Ringtail 1894. _Bassariscus astutus flavus_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 45:417, January 30, type from Texas, exact locality unknown. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western half of state. The two specimens examined provide the second record of this species in Tamaulipas; they were shot in the bottom of an arid canyon. One animal was about 30 feet up from the ground in an oak tree, and the other was along a small arroyo containing pools of water. From Rhoads' paper (1893:416-417) on the genus _Bassariscus_ it would seem that _B. astutus flavus_ differs from _B. a. astutus_ in smaller size, especially of the skull, shorter tail (shorter than head and body in _flavus_ and longer than head and body in _astutus_) and the presence of fulvous color. Comparison of 10 specimens of _B. a. flavus_ from Coahuila and Texas with two of _B. a. astutus_ (Distrito Federal, 1; Las Vigas, Veracruz, 1) from central México reveals that the skulls do not differ qualitatively and that the skull of _flavus_ tends to be smaller and relatively wider, but that there is overlap in size. In all _flavus_ that I measured and in the two adults of _astutus_ the tail is shorter than the head and body. The only real difference is the color; ringtails from Texas are deep fulvous instead of grayish as is _astutus_ from the Distrito Federal and Veracruz. But the specimen from Veracruz has much fulvous and on the other hand specimens from Coahuila are more grayish than those from Texas. The two specimens from Tamaulipas can be assigned to either subspecies _astutus_ or _flavus_ with almost equal propriety. Here they are referred to _B. a. flavus_ on the basis of their relatively small skull, short tail, and presence of some fulvous color. _Measurements._--Measurements of female and male (60239, 60240), both adult, from Joya Verde, are, respectively: 745, 760; 370, 385; 70, 75; 47, 56; greatest length of skull (excluding incisors), 81.9, 83.1; zygomatic breadth, 46.1, 51.9; interorbital constriction, 16.3, 16.3; postorbital constriction, 19.5, 18.5; breadth of braincase, 33.7, 36.6; length of maxillary tooth-row, 31.5, 32.0; breadth across postorbital processes (tip to tip), 25.3, 26.8. _Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft. Additional record: Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14). =Procyon lotor= Racoon Racoons occur all through the state. The one specimen examined was shot about 11:00 p. m. in a cypress tree. Its mouth contained fresh corn. The animal was notably fat and weighed 11 pounds. According to the natives the racoons do much damage in cornfields. =Procyon lotor fuscipes= Mearns 1914. _Procyon lotor fuscipes_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:63, March 20, type from Las Moras Creek, 1011 ft., Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Practically all of state, except western part. _Records_ (Goldman, 1950:51, unless otherwise noted): Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; Marmolego; Camp 2 (= 73 mi. S Washington Beach, Selander _et al._, 1962:338, recorded only two species); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:14); Altamira. =Procyon lotor hernandezii= Wagler 1831. _Pr[ocyon]. hernandezii_ Wagler, Isis von Oken, 24:514, type from Tlalpan, Valley of Mexico. 1890. _Procyon lotor hernandezi_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:176, December 10. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state; known only from Rancho Santa Rosa. The specimen examined is identified as _P. l. hernandezii_ because the animal differs from specimens of _P. l. fuscipes_ from southern Texas and Coahuila in the same way that Goldman (1950:50) noted that _P. l. hernandezii_ differs from _P. l. fuscipes_. For example, in the specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa the interorbital region is lower, the braincase is less depressed near the fronto-parietal suture, the postorbital process is longer and more pointed, and the upper carnassial is longer. The color is the same as in specimens of _fuscipes_ from Texas except that the postauricular spot is smaller, and the ground color is slightly more grayish. The median dorsal area is black, forming a longitudinal band about 3 cm. wide. _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria. =Nasua narica molaris= Merriam Coati 1902. _Nasua narica molaris_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:68, March 22, type from Manzanillo, Colima. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state. A male and female, both adults, from the same locality in the Sierra de Tamaulipas weighed, respectively, 3,150 grams and 4,836 grams. Three young from the same place weighed 2,250, 2,250, and 2,650 grams. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2200 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1. Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (San José, El Mulato) (Dice, 1937:249); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1942:81); Cd. Victoria (_ibid._); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:3); 3 mi. NW Acuña (_ibid._); 19 km. SW Mante (Davis, 1944:381). =Potos flavus aztecus= Thomas Kinkajou 1902. _Potos flavus aztecus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 9:268, April, type from Atoyac, Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Uncertain; one specimen was seen by Leopold (1959:437) near Acuña. =Mustela frenata= Long-tailed Weasel This species occurs in practically all of the state, but as in most other areas actual records are few; only two specimens, both males, have been examined. One was taken at Jaumave, in a steel-trap baited with fresh egg. It weighed 325 grams. The other was taken in the vicinity of Altamira and weighed 434 grams. Two subspecies have been reported from Tamaulipas; _Mustela frenata frenata_ that occurs in the central and northern parts of the state and _M. f. tropicalis_ that occurs in the tropical area in the southern part of the state. =Mustela frenata frenata= Lichtenstein 1831. _Mustela frenata_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere ..., pl. 42 and corresponding text, unpaged, type from Ciudad México, México. 1877. _Putorius mexicanus_ Coues, Fur-bearing animals, U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, Misc. Publ., 8:42, a _nomen nudum_ [cited by Coues in synonymy as "_Putorius mexicanus_, Berlandier, MMS. ic. ined. 4 (Tamaulipas and Matamoras)"]. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and northern parts of state. The specimen from Jaumave is clearly _M. f. frenata_, but the other from northwest of Altamira has many characters of the subspecies _M. f. tropicalis_ and is an intergrade between the two subspecies. In cranial features and in measurements the animal is like _frenata_. For example: least width of palate more than length of P4; distance between anterior border of auditory bulla and foramen ovale equal to the width of four (including I3) upper incisors; depth of tympanic bulla less than distance between it and foramen ovale; length of tail amounting to 82 per cent of length of head and body. The coloration is more nearly like that of _tropicalis_. For example, the region between the ears and the region behind the ears as far as the shoulders is almost black; hairs of the soles of the forefeet are of the same color as in _tropicalis_. But, width of the whitish underparts amounts to 53 per cent of the circumference of the body; in this respect the specimen is like _frenata_. I refer the specimen to _frenata_ because, to me, it is slightly more nearly like it. _Measurements._--The male from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira affords measurements as follows: 500; 226; 53; 23; basilar length (Hensel), 49.5; breadth of rostrum, 14.3; interorbital constriction, 11.9; orbitonasal length, 15.2; mastoid breadth, 27.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.4; tympanic bullae, length, 16.8; breadth, 7.5; length of m1, 5.7; P4, lateral length, 5.4, medial, 5.8; M1, breadth, 4.6, length, 2.4; depth of skull at anterior edge of basioccipital, 14.7. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave, 2400 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 1. Additional records (Hall, 1951:347): Matamoros; Miquihuana. =Mustela frenata tropicalis= (Merriam) 1896. _Putorius tropicalis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:30, June 30, type from Jico, Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in south part of state; reported only from 50 mi. south of Ciudad Victoria (Hall, 1951:366). =Eira barbara senex= (Thomas) Tayra 1900. _Galictis barbara senex_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 5:146, January, type from Hacienda Tortugas, approximately 600 ft., Jalapa, Veracruz. 1951. _Eira barbara senex_, Hershkovitz, Fieldiana-Zool., 31:561, July 10. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:4). =Taxidea taxus= Badger The badger in Tamaulipas is poorly known because only a few specimens have been reported from the state. I have examined only two; one is the skull of a juvenile picked up in the sea along the barrier beach and the other is the skull of an adult male taken in a steel-trap baited with a bird body and rabbit meat. The trap was set in front of a hole in the semidesert area 12 miles south of San Carlos. On their map 471 Hall and Kelson (1959:927) show a total of five subspecies of _Taxidea taxus_. They include the northern part of Tamaulipas in the geographic range of _T. t. berlandieri_. On page 926 Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._) list ten additional subspecies described by Schantz. One of them _T. t. littoralis_ (Schantz, 1949:301) was based on specimens from southeastern Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Of the two specimens examined by me the one from the barrier beach is here assigned to _T. l. littoralis_ on geographic grounds, and the other one from the vicinity of San Carlos to _T. l. berlandieri_. =Taxidea taxus berlandieri= Baird 1858. _Taxidea berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):205, July 14, type from Llano Estacado, Texas, near boundary of New Mexico. 1895. _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:256, June 29. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from only one locality, in northwestern part of state. The skull examined, of an adult male, differs from Coahuilan and New Mexican skulls in having a broad rostrum, better developed sagittal and lambdoidal crests, and smaller tympanic bullae. The measurements are greater than those given by Schantz (1949:302) for _T. l. littoralis_ and it is for that reason that the skull examined is assigned to _T. l. berlandieri_. _Measurements._--The adult male measured as follows: 710; 115; 110; 55; condylobasal length, 123.1; zygomatic breadth, 81.1; mastoid breadth, 75.5; interorbital constriction, 29.3; least postorbital constriction, 27.6; length of maxillary tooth-row, 42.7; P4, length, 11.9, width, 10.7; M1, length, 11.7, width, 11.7; tympanic bulla, length, 23.3, depth (from basioccipital), 12.8. _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 12 mi. S San Carlos, 1300 ft. =Taxidea taxus littoralis= Schantz 1949. _Taxidea taxus littoralis_ Schantz, Jour. Mamm., 30:301, August 17, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two localities in northeastern part of state. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 33 mi. S Washington Beach. Additional record: Matamoros (Schantz, 1949:302). =Spilogale putorius interrupta= (Rafinesque) Eastern Spotted Skunk 1820. _Mephitis interrupta_ Rafinesque, Ann. Nat. ..., 1:3. Type locality, Upper Missouri River?. 1952. _Spilogale putorious interrupta_, McCarley, Texas Jour. Sci., 4:108, March 30. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Sierra de Tamaulipas northward. The young male from La Pesca weighed 480 grams. In the Sierra de Tamaulipas a lactating female was taken (June 9) in a steel trap. A young male from there weighed 275 grams. The young male from three miles north of La Pesca weighed 520 grams. Specimens from Tamaulipas are assigned to the subspecies _interrupta_ following Van Gelder (1959:270-279). He regarded specimens from Tamaulipas as intergrades between _S. p. interrupta_ and _S. p. leucoparia_. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 1; La Pesca, 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 2 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2. Additional records (Van Gelder, 1959:279): "Tamaulipas"; Cd. Victoria. =Mephitis mephitis varians= Gray Striped Skunk 1837. _Mephitis varians_ Gray, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., 1:581. Type locality, Texas. 1936. _Mephitis mephitis varians_, Hall, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ., 473:66, November 20. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--North half of state. _Measurements._--An adult female from San Fernando measured as follows: 710; 360; 70; 30; basilar length, 56.2; condylobasal length, 64.2; zygomatic breadth, 41.3; interorbital constriction, 19.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 20.7. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from San Fernando, 180 ft. Additional records: Mier (A. H. Howell, 1901:32); Matamoros (_ibid._); 2 mi. up stream from Marmolejo (Dice, 1937:250). =Mephitis macroura macroura= Lichtenstein Hooded Skunk 1832. _Mephitis macroura_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere ..., pl. 46, type from mountains northwest of the city of México. 1877. _Mephitis edulis_ Coues, Berlandier Mss., Fur-bearing Animals: ..., U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, Miscl. Publ., 8:236. Type locality, "Inhabits most of Mexico. I have found it around San Fernando de Bexar...." _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre Oriental. The two specimens from Jaumave are young; they were taken on different nights but in the same place. Weights of male and female, respectively, are 195 and 290 grams. The other three specimens, two young and an adult male, were brought to the collector (Bodley) by natives. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5: San Fernando, 180 ft., 2; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1. =Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi= Merriam Hog-nosed Skunk 1902. _Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:163, August 6, type from Mason, Mason Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably western part of state, but presently known only from Nicolás. The specimens herein assigned to this species, represented by the skull only, differ conspicuously from those assigned to _C. leuconotus_ only in breadth of M1. _Measurements._--Measurements of a skull (sex undetermined) from Nicolás are as follows: condylobasal length, 77.1; zygomatic breadth, 52.9; postorbital constriction, 21.1; mastoid breadth, 43.7; length of maxillary tooth-row, 23.4; breadth of M1, 7.1. _Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft. =Conepatus leuconotus texensis= Merriam Eastern Hog-nosed Skunk 1902. _Conepatus leuconotus texensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:162, August 6, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide, except western part. Three specimens are assigned to this species on the basis of the breadth of M1. In comparison with skulls from the type locality, those of Tamaulipan specimens are slightly smaller and narrower. _Measurements._--Some cranial measurements of a male adult (old) from ten miles west and two miles south of Piedra are: condylobasal length, 79.0; zygomatic breadth, 52.3; postorbital constriction, 22.0; mastoid breadth, 44.2; length of maxillary tooth-row, 24.4; breadth of M1, 9.3. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: La Pesca, 1; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1. Additional record: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:250). =Felis concolor stanleyana= Goldman Puma 1938. _Felis concolor stanleyana_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51:63, March 18 (renaming of _F. c. youngi_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49:137, August 22, type from Bruni Ranch, near Bruni, Webb Co., Texas). _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Restricted to mountains of state. The two specimens examined are skulls only, which were picked up in the field. In general the measurements are like those given by Goldman (1946:233) for the males of _Felis concolor stanleyana_. But the skull from Miquihuana yielded measurements that suggest intergradation between _F. c. stanleyana_ and _F. c. azteca_ of the western mountains of Tamaulipas. _Measurements._--Two skulls, one from Miquihuana and the second from 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, yield measurements as follows: greatest length, 214.0, 213.0; condylobasal length, 195.0, 190.0; zygomatic breadth, 146.0, 140.1; height of skull (frontals to palate), 70.0, 72.4; interorbital constriction, 41.6, 41.4; breadth of nasals (at posterior union between premaxilla and maxilla), 20.1, 17.9; length of maxillary tooth-row, 62.7, 63.3; crown length of P3, 23.3, ----; breadth of P3, 11.9, 12.2; anteroposterior diameter of upper canine, 15.1, 15.3. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 1. Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1946:234); Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4). =Felis onca veraecrucis= Nelson and Goldman Jaguar 1933. _Felis onca veraecrucis_ Nelson and Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 14:236, August 17, type from San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Originally all of state; now restricted to sparsely populated areas. Only one cranium, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, was examined. It is in good condition but lacks all the teeth except P3 and P4 on the right side. The measurements are larger than those given by Goodwin (1954:15) for a skull from five miles north of Gómez Farías. _Measurements._--The cranium, sex undetermined, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, affords measurements as follows: greatest length, 238.0; condylobasal length, 204.0; zygomatic breadth, 166.0; breadth of rostrum, 66.1; interorbital constriction, 48.2; mastoid breadth, 100.7; crown length of carnassial, 24.1. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra. Additional records: between Aldama and Soto la Marina (Nelson and Goldman, 1933:237); 5 km. N Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:15). =Felis pardalis albescens= Pucheran Ocelot 1855. _Felis albescens_ Pucheran, in I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Mammiferes, in Petit-Thoaurs, Voyage autor du monde sur ... _la Venus_ ..., Zoologie, p. 149, type locality, Arkansas. 1906. _Felis pardalis albescens_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 22:219, July 25. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except part west of Sierra Madre Oriental. Hall and Kelson (1959:961) reported from Tamaulipas two subspecies of _Felis pardalis_. According to Goldman (1943:379) the more northern of the two, _F. p. albescens_, is smaller than the more southern one, _F. p. pardalis_. The skull examined, of a young female, from 10 miles north of Altamira, in southern Tamaulipas, is small, smaller even than skulls of _albescens_ from Texas used in comparison. For this reason I here assign the specimen examined to _F. p. albescens_ instead of _F. p. pardalis_ as did Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._). Hooper (1953:4) and Dice (1937:251) report as _F. p. pardalis_ specimens from 10 miles northeast of Zamorina and others from the Sierra San Carlos. I assume that specimens from these two places should be referred to _albescens_ since the specimen from 10 miles north of Altamira, the southernmost locality represented in Tamaulipas, is here referred to _albescens_. _Measurements._--Skull, from 10 mi. N of Altamira, measured as follows: condylobasal length, 97.3; zygomatic breadth, 77.6; squamosal constriction, 50.5; interorbital constriction, 22.2; postorbital constriction, 32.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 34.7; length of upper carnassial crown (outer side), 13.6. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined, from 10 mi. N Altamira. Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1943:379); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato and San José) (Dice, 1937:251); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1943:379); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1934:4). =Felis wiedii oaxacensis= Nelson and Goldman Margay 1931. _Felis glaucula oaxacensis_ Nelson and Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 12:303, August 24, type from Cerro San Felipe, 10,000 ft., near Oaxaca, Oaxaca. 1943. _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_, Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 24:383, August 17. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably along Sierra Madre Oriental; known only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:15). =Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli= Berlandier Yaguaroundi 1895. _Felis cacomitli_ Berlandier, _in_ Baird, Mammals of the boundary, _in_ Emory, Rept. U. S. and Mexican boundary survey 2(2):12, January, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. 1905. _Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli_, Elliot, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 105, Zool. Ser., 6:370, December 6. 1901. _Felis apache_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 14:150, August 9, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Eastern and northern parts of Sierra Madre Oriental; known only from type locality and near Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:15). =Lynx rufus texensis= J. A. Allen Bobcat 1895. _Lynx texensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:188, June 20, based on the description of a bobcat by Audubon and Bachman, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, 2:293, 1851, from "the vicinity of Castroville, on the headwaters of the Medina [River]," Medina Co., Texas. 1897. _Lynx rufus texensis_, Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals ... from the Mexican boundary line, p. 2, January 12 (preprint of Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20:458, December 24). _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs in western half of state; known only from two localities. The specimen examined was shot at night at about 3:00 a. m. in the beam of a headlight in typical scrub "monte." The native name for this bobcat in Tamaulipas is "gato rabón." _Measurements._--A male, from Rancho Santa Rosa, measured as follows: 885; 170; 172; 71; condylobasal length, 105.2; interorbital constriction, 22.5; postorbital constriction, 34.6; zygomatic breadth, 83.5; squamosal constriction, 51.7; length of maxillary tooth-row (C-P2), 38.2; length of upper carnassial (outer side), 14.5. _Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m. Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:96); El Mulato (Dice, 1937:251). =Trichechus manatus latirostris= (Harlan) Manatee 1823. _Manatus latirostris_ Harlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 3(1):394. Type locality, near the capes of East Florida. 1934. _Trichechus manatus latirostris_, Hatt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 66:538, September 10. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from mouth of Río Grande (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:791); probably extirpated in state. =Tayassu tajacu angulatus= (Cope) Collared Peccary 1889. _Dicotyles angulatus_ Cope, Amer. Nat., 23:147, February, type from Guadalupe River, Texas. 1953. _Tayassu tajacu angulatus_, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:207, December 28. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, in suitable habitats. Records: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Alta Cima (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del Cielo (_ibid._); approx. 10 mi. N Cues (Leopold, 1947:443 map). =Odocoileus hemionus crooki= (Mearns) Mule Deer 1897. _Dorcelaphus crooki_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals of the genera _Mephitis_, _Dorcelaphus_ and _Dicotyles_, from the Mexican border ..., p. 2, February 11, type locality summit Dog Mtns., 6129 ft., Hidalgo Co., New Mexico. 1939. _Odocoileus hemionus crooki_, Goldman and Kellogg, Jour. Mamm., 20:507, November 14. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Cerro del Tigre (Leopold, 1959:504), but probably throughout western part of state. Now rare in the state. =Odocoileus virginianus= White-tailed Deer This species is relatively abundant in Tamaulipas from where three subspecies have been reported. Two specimens examined were shot at night. =Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis= Goldman and Kellogg 1940. _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:84, June 28, type from Sierra Madre Oriental, 6000 ft., near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout Sierra Madre Oriental. An adult male, having two points on each antler, and a young male were examined and identified as this subspecies because of their small size and dark color. _Measurements._--A male from 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa affords measurements as follows: 1385; 245; 330; 154; condylobasal length, 234; length of maxillary tooth-row, 76.3; width across orbits at frontal-jugal suture, 100.9. _Records of occurrence_.--Specimens examined, 2: 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1. Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:15): San Antonio, 11 km. SW Joya de Salas; Rancho Pano Ayuctle. =Odocoileus virginianus texanus= (Mearns) 1898. _Dorcelaphus texanus_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:23, January 27, type from Fort Clark [north of Eagle Pass on Big Bend of Rio Grande], Kinney Co., Texas. 1902. _Dama v[irginiana]. texensis_ [_sic_], J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:20, February 1. 1901. _Odocoileus texensis_ Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:17, December 27, an accidental renaming of _texanus_. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably all of northern part of state. Two fragments of lower jaw from the barrier beach were examined and assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, fragments from 33 mi. S Washington Beach. Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato and Sardinia) (Dice, 1937:256). =Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis= Goldman and Kellogg 1940. _Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis_ Goldman and Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:89, June 28, type from Chijol, 200 ft., Veracruz. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area, reported only from Soto la Marina (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:806) and Savinito Tierre [= Tierra] Caliente (J. A. Allen, 1881:184) and Tampico (_ibid._) as _Cariacus virginianus mexicanus_. =Mazama americana temama= (Kerr) Red Brocket 1782. _Cervus temama_ Kerr, The Animal kingdom ..., p. 303. Type locality, restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz (Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31:567, July 10, 1951). 1951. _Mazama americana temama_, Hershkovitz. Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31:567, July 10. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state in tropical area. The specimen examined is conspicuously darker than specimens from Veracruz and Chiapas, being especially more brownish and less reddish. _Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Pano Ayuctle (skin only). Additional records: Alta Cima (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:10). =Antilocapra americana mexicana= Merriam Pronghorn 1901. _Antilocapra americana mexicana_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 14:31, April 5, type from Sierra en Media, Chihuahua. _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Originally in the northern part of state; now absent from Tamaulipas. _Antilocapra_ is here included on the basis of a skull recorded by Baird (1858:669) from Matamoros. J. A. Allen (1881:184) doubted the occurrence of this animal in Tamaulipas because Dr. Palmer found no indications of the presence of _Antilocapra_ in any portion of the area that he traversed, which apparently was only southern Tamaulipas. I am sure that the pronghorn is extinct in Tamaulipas, but its occurrence in the northern part of the state in relatively recent time (more than 100 years ago) seems possible because the habitat in northern Tamaulipas is suitable for the pronghorn. LITERATURE CITED ALLEN, H. 1862. Descriptions of two new species of Vespertilionidae, and some remarks on the genus Antrozous. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 246-248, between May 27 and August 1. 1894. A monograph of the bats of North America. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43:ix + 198, 38 pls., March 14. ALLEN, J. A. 1881. _List of mammals collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in northeastern Mexico, with field-notes by the collector._ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8:183-189, March. 1891. _On a collection of mammals from southern Texas and northeastern Mexico._ Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., 3:219-229, December. 1891. A preliminary study of the North American opossums of the genus Didelphis. _Ibid._, 14:149-188, 4 pls., June 15. ALVAREZ, T. 1961. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern México, with description of a new subspecies. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:111-120, 1 fig., December 29. 1962. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, México. _Ibid._, 14:121-124, March 7. ANDERSON, S. 1956. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. _Ibid._, 9:347-351, August 15. ANTHONY, H. E. 1923. Mammals from Mexico and South America. Amer. Mus. Novit., 54:1-10, 2 figs., January 17. BAILEY, V. 1895. Biological survey of Texas. N. Amer. Fauna, 25:1-222, 23 figs., 8 pls., October 24. BAIRD, S. T. 1855. _Characteristics of some new species of Mammalia, collected by the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, Major W. H. Emory, U. S. A. Commissioner._ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:331-333, April. 1858. Mammals. _In_ General report upon the Zoology of the Several Pacific railroad routes. U. S. P. R. R. Exp. and Surveys, pp. xlviii + 757, 60 pls., July 14. BAKER, R. H. 1951. Mammals from Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:207-218, December 15. 1956. Mammals of Coahuila, México. _Ibid._, 9:125-335, 75 figs., June 15. 1958. El futuro de la fauna silvestre en el norte de México. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 28:349-357, June 14. BAKER, R. H., and VILLA R., B. 1960. Distribución geographica y población actuales del lobo gris en México. _Ibid._, 30:369-374, 1 map, March 31. BOOTH, E. S. 1957. Mammals collected in Mexico from 1951 to 1956 by the Walla Walla College Museum of Natural History. Walla Walla College Publ., 20:1-19, 3 maps, July 10. BURT, W. H. 1959. The history and affinities of the Recent land mammals of western North America. _In_ Zoogeography. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Publ., 116, February 10. BURT, W. H., and STIRTON, R. A. 1961. The mammals of El Salvador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 117:1-69, 2 figs., September 22. CARTER, D. C., and DAVIS, W. B. 1961. _Tadarida aurispinosa_ (Peale) (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in North America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 74:161-165, August 11. DALQUEST, W. W. 1951. Two new mammals from Central Mexico. _Ibid._, 64:105-107, August 24. 1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. Louisiana St. Univ. Press, pp. 1-133, 1 fig., December 28. DALQUEST, W. W., and HALL, E. R. 1949. A new subspecies of funnel-eared bat (Natalus mexicanus) from eastern Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153-154, August 23. DAVIS, W. B. 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:270-403, December 12. 1951. Bat, _Molossus nigricans_, eaten by the rat snake, _Elaphe laeta_. _Ibid._, 32:219, May 21. 1958. Review of Mexican bats of the Artibeus "cinereus" complex. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71:163-166, December 31. DAVIS, W. B., and CARTER, D. C. 1962. Notes on Central American bats with description of a new subspecies of Mormoops. Southwestern Nat., 7:64-74, 1 fig., June 1. DE LA TORRE, L. 1954. Bats from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 35:113-116, February 10. 1955. Bats from Guerrero, Jalisco and Oaxaca, Mexico. Fieldiana-Zool., 37:695-701, 1 fig., 2 pls., June 19. DICE, L. R. 1937. Mammals of the San Carlos Mountains and vicinity. Univ. Michigan Studies Sci. Ser., 12:245-268, 3 pls. 1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. Univ. Michigan Press, pp. viii + 78, 1 map. FINDLEY, J. S. 1955. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:613-618, June 10. 1960. Identity of the long-eared Myotis of the southwest and Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 41:16-20, 1 fig., 1 pl., February 20. GOLDMAN, E. A. 1911. Revision of the spiny pocket mice (Genus Heteromys and Liomys). N. Amer. Fauna, 34:1-70, 6 figs., 3 pls., September 7. 1915. Five new mammals from Mexico and Arizona. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 28:133-137, June 29. 1918. The rice rats of North America (Genus Oryzomys). N. Amer. Fauna, 43:1-100, 11 figs., 6 pls., September 23. 1938. Three new races of Microtus mexicanus. Jour. Mamm., 19:493-495, November 14. 1942. A new white-footed mouse from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:157-158, October 17. 1942. Notes on the coatis of the Mexican mainland. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:79-82, June 25. 1943. The races of the ocelot and margay in Middle America. Jour. Mamm., 24:372-385, August 18. 1946. _Classification of the races of the puma_, pp. 175-302, pls. 46-93, fig. 6, tables 12-13, _in_ Young, S. P., and Goldman, E. A., _The puma_, mysterious American cat. Amer. Wildlife Inst., xiv + 358 pp., 93 pls., 6 figs., 13 tables, November 16. 1950. Raccoons of North and Middle America. N. Amer. Fauna, 60:vi + 153, 2 figs., 22 pls., November 7. 1951. Biological investigations in Mexico. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 115:xiii + 476, 71 pls., 1 map, July 31. GOLDMAN, E. A., and MOORE, R. T. 1946. The Biotic Provinces of Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:347-360, 1 fig., February 12. GOODWIN, G. G. 1954. Mammals from Mexico collected by Marian Martin for the American Museum of Natural History. Amer. Mus. Novit, 1689:1-16, November 12. 1958. Bats of the genus _Rhogeëssa_. _Ibid._, 1923:1-17, December 31. 1959. Bats of the genus _Natalus_. _Ibid._, 1977:1-22, 2 figs., December 22. 1960. The status of _Vespertilio auripendulus_ Shaw, 1800, and _Molossus ater_ Geoffroy, 1805. _Ibid._, 1994:1-6, 1 fig., March 8. 1961. Flying squirrel (_Glaucomys volans_) of Middle America. _Ibid._, 2059:1-22, 7 figs., November 29. HALL, E. R. 1951. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier beach of Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:33-47, 1 fig., October 1. 1951. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. _Ibid._, 5:119-202, 68 figs., December 15. 1951. American weasels. _Ibid._, 4:1-466, 31 figs., 41 pls., December 27. 1952. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the genus Rhogeëssa. _Ibid._, 5:227-232, April 10. HALL, E. R., and ALVAREZ, T. 1961. A new subspecies of the black Myotis (bat) from eastern México. _Ibid._, 14:69-72, 1 fig., December 29. HALL, E. R., and JONES, J. K., JR. 1961. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. _Ibid._, 14:73-98, 4 figs., December 29. HALL, E. R., and KELSON, K. R. 1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press Co., vol. 1:xxx + 546 + 1-79, vol. 2:viii + 547 + 1-79, 724 figs., 500 maps, March 31. HANDLEY, C. O., JR. 1956. The taxonomic status of the _Corynorhinus phyllotis_ G. M. Allen and _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69:53-54, May 21. 1959. A revision of the American bats of the genera Euderma and Plecotus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 110:95-246, 47 figs., September 3. 1960. Descriptions of new bats from Panama. _Ibid._, 112:459-479, October 6. HERSHKOVITZ, P. 1951. Mammals from British Honduras, Mexico, Jamaica and Haiti. Fieldiana-Zool., 31:547-569, July 10. 1958. A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. _Ibid._, 36:583-620, 2 figs., July 11. HOLLISTER, N. 1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47:427-489, 1 pl., October 29. 1925. The systematic name of the Texas armadillo. Jour. Mamm., 16:60, February 9. HOOPER, E. T. 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (Genus Reithrodontomys) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 23 figs., 9 pls., 12 maps, January 16. 1952. Notes on mice of the species _Peromyscus boylei_ and _P. pectoralis_. Jour. Mamm., 33:371-378, 2 figs., August 19. 1953. Notes on mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:1-12, March 25. HOOPER, E. T., and HANDLEY, C. O., JR. 1948. Character gradients in the spiny pocket mouse, _Liomys irroratus_. _Ibid._, 514:1-34, 1 map, October 29. HOWELL, A. H. 1901. Revision of the skunks of the genus Chincha. N. Amer. Fauna, 20:1-62, 8 pls., August 31. 1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with a classification of the North American Sciuridae. N. Amer. Fauna, 56:1-256, 20 figs., 32 pls., May 18. JACKSON, H. H. T. 1914. New moles of the genus Scalopus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:19-21, February 2. 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews (Genus Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:vi + 238, 24 figs., 13 pls., July 24. 1951. Classification of the races of the coyote, pt. 2, pp. 227-341, pls. 58-81, figs. 20-28, _in_ Young, S. P., and Jackson, H. H. T., The clever coyote. Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pa., and Wildlife Manag. Inst., Washington, D. C., xv + 411 pp., 81 pls., 28 figs., 11 tables, November 29. JONES, J. K., JR., and ALVAREZ, T. 1962. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 14:125-133, 1 fig., March 7. JONES, J. K., JR., and ANDERSON, S. 1958. Noteworthy records of harvest mice in México. Jour. Mamm., 39:446-447, August 20. KELLOGG, R., and GOLDMAN, E. A. 1944. Review of the spider monkeys. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:1-45, November 2. KELSON, K. R. 1952. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:243-250, April 10. LAWRENCE, B. 1947. A new race of Oryzomys from Tamaulipas. Proc. New England Zool. Club, 24:101-103, May 29. LEOPOLD, A. S. 1947. Status of Mexican Big-game herds. Trans. 12th N. Amer. Wild. Conference, pp. 437-448. 1950. Vegetation zones of Mexico. Ecology, 31:507-518, 1 fig., October. 1959. Wildlife of Mexico. The Game birds and mammals. Univ. California Press, pp. xiii + 568, 193 figs. LIDICKER, W. Z., JR. 1960. An analysis of intraspecific variation in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 67:125-218, 20 figs., 4 pls., August 4. LUKENS, P. W., JR., and DAVIS, W. B. 1957. Bats of the Mexican state of Guerrero. Jour. Mamm., 38:1-14, February 25. MALAGA A., A., and VILLA R., B. 1957. Algunas notas acerca de la distribución de los murciélagos de America del Norte relacionados con el problema de la rabia. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 27:529-568, 8 figs., 10 maps, September 30. MARTIN, M., and P. S. 1954. Notes on the capture of tropical bats at cuevo [sic] El Pachon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 35:584-585, November. MARTIN, P. S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 101:1-102, 7 figs., 7 pls., 4 maps, April 15. MARTIN, P. S., ROBINS, C. R., and HEED, W. B. 1954. Birds and biogeography of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, an isolated pine-oak habitat. Wilson Bull., 66:38-57, 2 figs., 1 map, March. MERRIAM, C. H. 1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera Blarina and Notiosorex. N. Amer. Fauna, 10:1-34, 2 figs., December 31. 1895. Monographic revision of the pocket gophers, family Geomydae (Exclusive of the species Thomomys). _Ibid._, 8:1-258, 10 figs., 19 pls., 3 maps, January 31. 1898. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States. U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bull., 10:1-79, 1 map, June. MILLER, G. S., JR. 1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-140, 40 figs., 3 pls., October 16. 1913. Revision of the bats of the genus Glossophaga. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:413-429, 1 fig., December 31. 1924. List of North American Recent mammals, 1923. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 128:xvi + 673, April 29. MILLER, G. S., JR., and ALLEN, G. M. 1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pizonyx. _Ibid._, 144:vii + 217, 13 maps, May 25. MILLER, G. S., JR., and KELLOGG, R. 1955. List of North American mammals. _Ibid._, 205:xii + 954, March 3. NELSON, E. W. 1898. Description of the squirrels from Mexico and Central America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:145-156, June 3. 1899. Revision of the squirrels of Mexico and Central America. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:15-106, 2 pls., May 9. 1904. Descriptions of seven new rabbits from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103-110, May 18. 1909. The rabbits of North America. N. Amer. Fauna, 29:1-314, 8 pls., August 31. NELSON, E. W., and GOLDMAN, E. A. 1933. Revision of the jaguars. Jour. Mamm., 14:221-240, August 17. 1934. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:135-153, June 13. OSGOOD, W. H. 1900. Revision of the pocket mice of the genus Perognathus. N. Amer. Fauna, 18:1-72, 15 figs., 4 pls., September 20. 1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. _Ibid._, 28:1-285, 12 figs., 8 pls., April 17. 1945. Two new rodents from Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:299-301, November 14. PACKARD, R. L. 1960. Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:579-670, 12 figs., 4 pls., June 16. RHOADS, S. N. 1893. Geographic variation in Bassariscus astutus, with description of a new subspecies. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 45:413-418, January 30. SCHANTZ, V. S. 1949. Three new races of badgers (Taxidea) from southwestern United States. Jour. Mamm., 30:301-305, August 17. SELANDER, R. K., JOHNSTON, R. F., WILKS, B. J., and RAUN, G. G. 1962. Vertebrates from the barrier islands of Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:309-345, 4 pls., June 18. SETZER, H. S. 1949. Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:473-573, 27 figs., December 27. SHAMEL, H. H. 1931. Notes on the American bats of the genus Tadarida. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78:1-27, May 6. SMITH, H. M. 1949. Herpetogeny in Mexico and Guatemala. Assn. Amer. Geographers, 39:219-238, 1 fig., September. STAINS, H. J. 1957. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. TAMAYO, J. L. 1949. Geografía general de México. Talleres Graficos de la Nación, México, vol. 1:vii + 628, vol. 2:1-583. VAN GELDER, R. G. 1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (Genus _Spilogale_). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:233-392, 47 figs., June 15. VILLA R., B. 1954. Distribución actual de los castores en México. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 25:443-450, 2 pls., 1 map, November 9. 1956. Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure), el murciélago guanero, es una subespecie migratoria. Acta Zool. Mex., 1:1-11, 2 figs., September 15. 1958. El mono araña (_Ateles geoffroyi_) encontrado en la costa de Jalisco y en la región central de Tamaulipas. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 28:345-347, June 14. VILLA R., B., and JIMENEZ G., A. 1961. Acerca de la posición taxonomica de _Mormoops megalophyla senicula_ Rehn, y la presencia de virus rabico en estos murciélagos insectivoros. _Ibid._, 31:501-509, 1 fig., April 17. VIVO, J. A. 1953. Geografía de México. Fondo de Cultura Economica, México. 3er. Ed., pp. 1-338, 37 pls. _Transmitted June 28, 1962_ 29-4228 (Continued from inside of front cover) Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956. 2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 figure. December 20, 1956. 3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 tables. December 31, 1956. 4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957. 5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text. March 12, 1958. 6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958. 7. Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures in text. May 4, 1959. 8. Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. October 8, 1959. 9. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 figures in text. May 2, 1960. 10. A taxonomic study of the Middle American Snake, Pituophis deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 figure in text. May 2, 1960. Index. Pp. 611-626. Vol. 11. 1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, Leptodeira discolor Günther. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9, 4 figures. July 14, 1958. 2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62, 9 figures, 9 tables. September 19, 1958. 3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24 figures in text, 3 tables. December 12, 1958. 4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua, Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in text. January 28, 1959. 5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 335-343. April 24, 1959. 6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas. By Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2 figures in text, 10 tables. May 6, 1959. 7. Fishes of the Big Blue river basin, Kansas. By W. L. Minckley. Pp. 401-442, 2 plates, 4 figures in text, 5 tables. May 8, 1959. 8. Birds from Coahuila, México. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. 443-516. August 1, 1959. 9. Description of a new softshell turtle from the southeastern United States. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 517-525, 2 plates, 1 figure in text. August 14, 1959. 10. Natural history of the ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz. By John M. Legler. Pp. 527-669, 16 pls., 29 figures in text. March 7, 1960. Index Pp. 671-703. Vol. 12. 1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 figures in text. July 8, 1959. 2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. July 10, 1959. 3. The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960. 4. A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp. 217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960. 5. Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp. 241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962. 6. Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma. By Richard C. Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text. May 21, 1962. 7. Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962. 8. Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 347-362, 10 figures in text. October 1, 1962. More numbers will appear in volume 12. Vol. 13. 1. Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae). By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960. 2. A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960. 3. A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahuila, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960. 4. Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960. 5. Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the great plains and Rocky mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10, 1961. 6. Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February 10, 1961. 7. Geographic variation in the North American Cyprinid fish, Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, 1961. 8. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; studies of American Hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961. 9. Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures in text. August 11, 1961. 10. North American recent soft-shelled turtles (family Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 figures in text. February 16, 1962. Index. Pp. 613-624. Vol. 14. 1. Neotropical bats from western México. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960. 2. Geographic variation in the harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis, on the central great plains and in adjacent regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961. 3. Mammals of Mesa Verde national park, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24, 1961. 4. A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern México. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961. 5. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figs. in text. December 29, 1961. 6. Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 99-110, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961. 7. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern México, with description of a new subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 111-120, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961. 8. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, México. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962. 9. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962. 10. A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynarctus, from the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text. April 30, 1962. 11. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962. 12. Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-149, 1 figure in text. May 18, 1962. 13. A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962. 14. The Mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures in text. May 20, 1963. 15. The Recent mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1963. More numbers will appear in volume 14. Vol. 15. 1. The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961. 2. Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962. 3. A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western México. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962. 4. Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas. By William E. Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 183-204, October 26, 1962. More numbers will appear in volume 15. * * * * * Transcriber's Notes Page 386: Changed Pariso to Paraiso. (Orig.: Aserradero del Pariso.--22°59´, 99°15´.) Page 390: Changed: intermadius to intermedius. (Orig.: Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermadius J. A. Allen 439) Page 398: Changed Tamulipas to Tamaulipas. (Orig.: subspecies from the Sierra de Tamulipas, previously) Page 399: Retained Mormops, but possibly a typo for Mormoops. (Orig.: 1864. Mormops megalophylla Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México.) Page 402: Changed embyos to embryos. (Orig.: average crown-rump length of the 10 embyos was 43) Page 409: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis. (Orig.: P. s. veraecrusis) Page 410: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis. (Orig.: specimens of veraecrusis from Las Vigas, Veracruz.) Page 411: Retained measurement (17-8) grams; possibly typo for (17-18) or (17-17.8). (Orig.: three males 17.5 (17-8) grams.) Page 426: Changed Washinton to Washington. (Orig.: personatus tropicalis Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washinton,) Page 435: Changed perargrus to peragrus. (Orig.: 1918. Oryzomys couesi perargrus, Goldman,) Page 439: Changed descripton to description. (Orig.: According to the original descripton by Davis) Page 454: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe. (Orig.: type from Sierra Gaudalupe, southeastern Coahuila.) Page 454: Changed N. l. microdon to C. l. microdon. (Orig.: N. l. microdon occurs from Camargo south to Nicolás.) Page 456: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe. (Orig.: type from Sierra Gaudalupe, Coahuila.) Page 457: Changed to to two. (Orig.: 1962:338, recorded only to species) Page 459: Changed synonmy to synonymy. (Orig.: cited by Coues in synonmy as "Putorius mexicanus) Page 460: Changed three occurences of Shantz to Schantz. (Orig.: by Shantz. One of them T. t. littoralis (Shantz, 1949:301)) and (measurements are greater than those given by Shantz (1949:302)) Page 461: Changed weing to wenig. (Orig.: Darstellung neuer oder weing bekannter) End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico, by Ticul Alvarez *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RECENT MAMMALS *** ***** This file should be named 39372-8.txt or 39372-8.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/3/7/39372/ Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. *** START: FULL LICENSE *** THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at http://gutenberg.org/license). Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. - You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at http://pglaf.org For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director gbnewby@pglaf.org Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit http://pglaf.org While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: http://www.gutenberg.org This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.